메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 1541-1552

Modeling prescribed surface-fire regimes for Pinus strobus conservation

Author keywords

Decision analysis; Disturbance; Optimization; Prescribed fire; Simulation

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING; FIRE MANAGEMENT; PRESCRIBED BURNING; SPECIES CONSERVATION; STAND DYNAMICS;

EID: 10644263722     PISSN: 08888892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00404.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0030469738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 300-year history of disturbance and canopy recruitment for co-occurring white pine and hemlock on the Allegheny Plateau, USA
    • Abrams, M. U., and D. A. Orwig. 1996. A 300-year history of disturbance and canopy recruitment for co-occurring white pine and hemlock on the Allegheny Plateau, USA. Journal of Ecology 84:353-363.
    • (1996) Journal of Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 353-363
    • Abrams, M.U.1    Orwig, D.A.2
  • 2
    • 0001642172 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of red and white pine following wildfire and logging in northeastern Minnesota
    • Ahlgren, C. E. 1976. Regeneration of red and white pine following wildfire and logging in northeastern Minnesota. Journal of Forestry 74:135-140.
    • (1976) Journal of Forestry , vol.74 , pp. 135-140
    • Ahlgren, C.E.1
  • 3
    • 0026301327 scopus 로고
    • A conceptual framework for evaluating and quantifying naturalness
    • Anderson, J. E. 1991. A conceptual framework for evaluating and quantifying naturalness. Conservation Biology 5:347-352.
    • (1991) Conservation Biology , vol.5 , pp. 347-352
    • Anderson, J.E.1
  • 4
    • 0033998659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural imperative for biological conservation
    • Angermeicr, P. L. 2000. The natural imperative for biological conservation. Conservation Biology 14:373-381.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 373-381
    • Angermeicr, P.L.1
  • 5
    • 0028984290 scopus 로고
    • Modeling extinction in periodic environments: Everglades water levels and Snail Kite viability
    • Beissinger, S. R. 1995. Modeling extinction in periodic environments: Everglades water levels and Snail Kite viability. Ecological Applications 5:618-631.
    • (1995) Ecological Applications , vol.5 , pp. 618-631
    • Beissinger, S.R.1
  • 6
    • 0037871755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling Pinus strobus mortality following prescribed fire in Quetico Provincial Park, northwestern Ontario
    • Beverly, J. L., and D. L. Martell. 2003. Modeling Pinus strobus mortality following prescribed fire in Quetico Provincial Park, northwestern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33:740-751.
    • (2003) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.33 , pp. 740-751
    • Beverly, J.L.1    Martell, D.L.2
  • 9
    • 0030448187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the effect of spatial and temporal variation in fire regimes on the population viability of a Banksia species
    • Bradstock, R. A., M. Bedward, J. Scott, and D. A. Keith. 1996. Simulation of the effect of spatial and temporal variation in fire regimes on the population viability of a Banksia species. Conservation Biology 10:776-784.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 776-784
    • Bradstock, R.A.1    Bedward, M.2    Scott, J.3    Keith, D.A.4
  • 12
    • 0034313953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient availability and regeneration response after partial cutting and site preparation in eastern white pine
    • Burgess, D., and S. Wetzel. 2000. Nutrient availability and regeneration response after partial cutting and site preparation in eastern white pine. Forest Ecology and Management 138:249-261.
    • (2000) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.138 , pp. 249-261
    • Burgess, D.1    Wetzel, S.2
  • 13
    • 0000877884 scopus 로고
    • Silvics of North America. 1: Conifers
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, D.C.
    • Burns, R. M., and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. 1: Conifers. Agriculture handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, D.C.
    • (1990) Agriculture Handbook 654
    • Burns, R.M.1    Honkala, B.H.2
  • 15
    • 0029660505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ regeneration of Pinus strobus and P. resinosa in the Great Lakes forest communities of Canada
    • Carleton, T. J., P. F. Maycock, R. Arnup, and A. M. Gordon. 1996. In situ regeneration of Pinus strobus and P. resinosa in the Great Lakes forest communities of Canada. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:431-444.
    • (1996) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.7 , pp. 431-444
    • Carleton, T.J.1    Maycock, P.F.2    Arnup, R.3    Gordon, A.M.4
  • 16
    • 16244369160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic demography and conservation of an endangered perennial plant (Lomatium bradshawii) in a dynamic fire regime
    • Caswell, H., and T. Kaye. 2001. Stochastic demography and conservation of an endangered perennial plant (Lomatium bradshawii) in a dynamic fire regime. Advances in Ecological Research 32:1-51.
    • (2001) Advances in Ecological Research , vol.32 , pp. 1-51
    • Caswell, H.1    Kaye, T.2
  • 17
    • 0008594759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest research note 55. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
    • Dey, D. C., and R. P. Guyette. 1996a. Early fire history near Seguin Falls, Ontario. Forest research note 55. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1996) Early Fire History Near Seguin Falls, Ontario
    • Dey, D.C.1    Guyette, R.P.2
  • 18
    • 0003439477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest research report 140. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
    • Dey, D. C., and R. P. Guyette. 1996b. Fire history near an historic travel corridor in Ontario. Forest research report 140. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1996) Fire History Near an Historic Travel Corridor in Ontario
    • Dey, D.C.1    Guyette, R.P.2
  • 20
    • 0033494994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris in red pine forests across the Great Lakes states, U.S.A.
    • Duvall, M. D., and D. F. Grigal. 1999 Effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris in red pine forests across the Great Lakes states, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29:1926-1934.
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.29 , pp. 1926-1934
    • Duvall, M.D.1    Grigal, D.F.2
  • 21
    • 0036470973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) related to forest floor consumption by prescribed fire in the Southern Appalachians
    • Elliott, K. J., J. M. Vose, and B. D. Clinton. 2002. Growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) related to forest floor consumption by prescribed fire in the Southern Appalachians. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 26:18-25.
    • (2002) Southern Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.26 , pp. 18-25
    • Elliott, K.J.1    Vose, J.M.2    Clinton, B.D.3
  • 22
    • 0034752462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamic path of recreational values following a forest fire: A comparative analysis of states in the Intermountain West
    • Englin, J., J. Loomis, and A. Gonzálcs-Gabán. 2001. The dynamic path of recreational values following a forest fire: a comparative analysis of states in the Intermountain West. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31:1837-1844.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.31 , pp. 1837-1844
    • Englin, J.1    Loomis, J.2    Gonzálcs-Gabán, A.3
  • 23
    • 0032968922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood effects, disturbance severity, and community stability in forests
    • Frelich, L. E., and P. B. Reich. 1999. Neighborhood effects, disturbance severity, and community stability in forests. Ecosystems 2:151-166.
    • (1999) Ecosystems , vol.2 , pp. 151-166
    • Frelich, L.E.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 24
    • 0032128160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervals between prescribed fires in Australia: What intrinsic variation should apply?
    • Gill, A. M., and M. A. McCarthy. 1999. Intervals between prescribed fires in Australia: what intrinsic variation should apply? Biological Conservation 85:161-169.
    • (1999) Biological Conservation , vol.85 , pp. 161-169
    • Gill, A.M.1    McCarthy, M.A.2
  • 25
    • 0032408267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling controlled burning and trampling reduction for conservation of Hudsonia montana
    • Gross, K., J. R. Lockwood III, C. C. Frost, and W. F. Morris. 1998. Modeling controlled burning and trampling reduction for conservation of Hudsonia montana. Conservation Biology 12:1291-1301
    • (1998) Conservation Biology , vol.12 , pp. 1291-1301
    • Gross, K.1    Lockwood III, J.R.2    Frost, C.C.3    Morris, W.F.4
  • 26
    • 0037691300 scopus 로고
    • The aesthetics of white pine and red pine forests
    • Haider, W. 1994. The aesthetics of white pine and red pine forests. Forestry Chronicle 70:402-410.
    • (1994) Forestry Chronicle , vol.70 , pp. 402-410
    • Haider, W.1
  • 28
    • 0028174863 scopus 로고
    • Pivotal assumptions determining the relationship between stability and complexity: An analytical synthesis of the stability-complexity debate
    • Haydon, D. 1994. Pivotal assumptions determining the relationship between stability and complexity: an analytical synthesis of the stability-complexity debate. The American Naturalist 144:14-29
    • (1994) The American Naturalist , vol.144 , pp. 14-29
    • Haydon, D.1
  • 30
    • 0032747310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of soil organic matter, moisture, shading and ash on white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedling emergence
    • Herr, D. G., L. C. Duchesne, and R. J. Reader. 1999. Effects of soil organic matter, moisture, shading and ash on white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedling emergence. New Forests 18:219-230.
    • (1999) New Forests , vol.18 , pp. 219-230
    • Herr, D.G.1    Duchesne, L.C.2    Reader, R.J.3
  • 31
    • 0033068071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and population dynamics of woody plants in a Neotropical savanna: Matrix model projections
    • Hoffmann, W. A. 1999 Fire and population dynamics of woody plants in a Neotropical savanna: matrix model projections. Ecology 80:1354-1369.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1354-1369
    • Hoffmann, W.A.1
  • 32
    • 0000701769 scopus 로고
    • Age structure analysis of a virgin white pine, Pinus: Strobus, population
    • Holla, T. A., and P. Knowles. 1988. Age structure analysis of a virgin white pine, Pinus: strobus, population. Canadian Field-Naturalist 102:221-226.
    • (1988) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.102 , pp. 221-226
    • Holla, T.A.1    Knowles, P.2
  • 33
    • 0000057619 scopus 로고
    • The ecology and silvics of forests in the high plateau of Pennsylvania
    • Hough, A. F., and R. D. Forhcs. 1943. The ecology and silvics of forests in the high plateau of Pennsylvania. Ecological Monographs 13:299-320.
    • (1943) Ecological Monographs , vol.13 , pp. 299-320
    • Hough, A.F.1    Forhcs, R.D.2
  • 34
    • 0032755976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection by forest hats in relation to mixed-wood stand types and structure in central Ontario
    • Jung, T. S., I. D. Thompson, R. D. Titman, and A. P. Applejohn. 1999. Habitat selection by forest hats in relation to mixed-wood stand types and structure in central Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management 63:1306-1319.
    • (1999) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.63 , pp. 1306-1319
    • Jung, T.S.1    Thompson, I.D.2    Titman, R.D.3    Applejohn, A.P.4
  • 35
    • 0032770444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainahle management of uneven-aged private forests: A case study from Ontario, Canada
    • Kant, S. 1999 Sustainahle management of uneven-aged private forests: a case study from Ontario, Canada. Ecological Economics 30:131-146.
    • (1999) Ecological Economics , vol.30 , pp. 131-146
    • Kant, S.1
  • 36
    • 0036232185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marginal cost of structural diversity of mixed uneven-aged hard maple forests
    • Kant, S. 2002. The marginal cost of structural diversity of mixed uneven-aged hard maple forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32:616-628.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , pp. 616-628
    • Kant, S.1
  • 37
    • 0025247425 scopus 로고
    • Simulating cumulative fire effects in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests
    • Keane, R. K., S. F. Arno, and J. K. Brown. 1990. Simulating cumulative fire effects in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests. Ecology 71:189-203.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 189-203
    • Keane, R.K.1    Arno, S.F.2    Brown, J.K.3
  • 38
    • 0031020317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed versus variable-parameter matrix models of forest growth: The case of maple-birch forests
    • Lin, C. R., and J. Buongiorno. 1997. Fixed versus variable-parameter matrix models of forest growth: the case of maple-birch forests. Ecological Modelling 99:263-274.
    • (1997) Ecological Modelling , vol.99 , pp. 263-274
    • Lin, C.R.1    Buongiorno, J.2
  • 39
    • 0032179568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree diversity, landscape diversity, and economics of maple-birch forests: Implications of Markovian models
    • Lin, C. R., and J. Buongiorno. 1998. Tree diversity, landscape diversity, and economics of maple-birch forests: implications of Markovian models. Management Science 44:1351-1366.
    • (1998) Management Science , vol.44 , pp. 1351-1366
    • Lin, C.R.1    Buongiorno, J.2
  • 40
    • 0035659141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity-disturbance relationship: Is it generally strong and peaked?
    • Mackey, R. L., and D. J. Currie. 2001. The diversity-disturbance relationship: is it generally strong and peaked? Ecology 82:3479-3492.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 3479-3492
    • Mackey, R.L.1    Currie, D.J.2
  • 41
    • 0000024905 scopus 로고
    • Fire as a necessary factor in the perpetuation of white pine
    • Maissurow, D. K. 1935. Fire as a necessary factor in the perpetuation of white pine. Journal of Forestry 33:373-379
    • (1935) Journal of Forestry , vol.33 , pp. 373-379
    • Maissurow, D.K.1
  • 42
    • 0001274573 scopus 로고
    • The role of fire in the perpetuation of virgin forests of northern Wisconsin
    • Maissurow, D. K. 1941. The role of fire in the perpetuation of virgin forests of northern Wisconsin. Journal of Forestry 39:201-207.
    • (1941) Journal of Forestry , vol.39 , pp. 201-207
    • Maissurow, D.K.1
  • 43
    • 0034636310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity-stability debate
    • McCann, K. S. 2000. The diversity-stability debate. Nature 405:228-233.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 228-233
    • McCann, K.S.1
  • 44
    • 0034932923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using stochastic-dynamic programming to determine optimal fire management for Banksia ornata
    • McCarthy, M. A., H. P. Possingham, and A. M. Gill. 2001. Using stochastic-dynamic programming to determine optimal fire management for Banksia ornata. Journal of Applied Ecology 38:585-592.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 585-592
    • McCarthy, M.A.1    Possingham, H.P.2    Gill, A.M.3
  • 45
    • 0000787599 scopus 로고
    • Understory prescribed burning in red pine and white pine
    • McRae, D. J., T. J. Lynham, and R. J. Frech. 1994. Understory prescribed burning in red pine and white pine. Forestry Chronicle 70:395-401.
    • (1994) Forestry Chronicle , vol.70 , pp. 395-401
    • McRae, D.J.1    Lynham, T.J.2    Frech, R.J.3
  • 47
    • 0035616619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface burning in a mature stand of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus in Michigan: Effects on understory vegetation
    • Neumann, D. D., and D. I. Dickmann. 2000. Surface burning in a mature stand of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus in Michigan: effects on understory vegetation. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10:91-101.
    • (2000) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.10 , pp. 91-101
    • Neumann, D.D.1    Dickmann, D.I.2
  • 48
    • 0001076704 scopus 로고
    • Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems
    • Olson, J. S. 1963. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology 58:322-331.
    • (1963) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 322-331
    • Olson, J.S.1
  • 49
    • 0021607939 scopus 로고
    • The complexity and stability of ecosystems
    • Pimm, S. L. 1984. The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature 307:321-326.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.307 , pp. 321-326
    • Pimm, S.L.1
  • 50
    • 0036731929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian richness and abundance in temperate Danish forests: Tree variables important to birds and their conservation
    • Poulsen, B. O. 2002. Avian richness and abundance in temperate Danish forests: tree variables important to birds and their conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 11:1551-1566.
    • (2002) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 1551-1566
    • Poulsen, B.O.1
  • 51
    • 0031128689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of alternative heuristic algorithms for identifying indicative minimum requirements for conservation reserves
    • Pressey, R. L., H. P. Possingham, and J. R. Day. 1997. Effectiveness of alternative heuristic algorithms for identifying indicative minimum requirements for conservation reserves. Biological Conservation 80:207-219.
    • (1997) Biological Conservation , vol.80 , pp. 207-219
    • Pressey, R.L.1    Possingham, H.P.2    Day, J.R.3
  • 52
    • 0028161734 scopus 로고
    • Fire-stick forestry: A matrix model in support of skilful management of Callistris intratropica R.T. Baker by north Australian Aborigines
    • Price, O., and D. M. J. S. Bowman. 1994. Fire-stick forestry: a matrix model in support of skilful management of Callistris intratropica R.T. Baker by north Australian Aborigines. Journal of Biogeography 21:573-580.
    • (1994) Journal of Biogeography , vol.21 , pp. 573-580
    • Price, O.1    Bowman, D.M.J.S.2
  • 53
    • 0025997810 scopus 로고
    • Self-replacement in old-growth white pine forests of Temagami, Ontario
    • Quinby, P. A. 1991. Self-replacement in old-growth white pine forests of Temagami, Ontario. Forest Ecology and Management 41:95-109.
    • (1991) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.41 , pp. 95-109
    • Quinby, P.A.1
  • 54
    • 0042260563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fire-explicit population viability analysis of Hypericum cumulicola in Florida rosemary scrub
    • Quintana-Ascencio, P. F., E. S. Menges, and C. W. Weekley. 2003. A fire-explicit population viability analysis of Hypericum cumulicola in Florida rosemary scrub. Conservation Biology 17:433-449
    • (2003) Conservation Biology , vol.17 , pp. 433-449
    • Quintana-Ascencio, P.F.1    Menges, E.S.2    Weekley, C.W.3
  • 57
  • 58
    • 0000893641 scopus 로고
    • Predicting diameter distributions: A test of the stationary Markov model
    • Roberts, M. R., and A. J. Hruska. 1986. Predicting diameter distributions: a test of the stationary Markov model. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16:130-135.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.16 , pp. 130-135
    • Roberts, M.R.1    Hruska, A.J.2
  • 59
    • 0036123780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental variability alters the relationship between richness and variability of community abundances in aquatic rock pool microcosms
    • Romanuk, T. N., and J. Kolasa. 2002. Environmental variability alters the relationship between richness and variability of community abundances in aquatic rock pool microcosms. Ecoscience 9:55-62.
    • (2002) Ecoscience , vol.9 , pp. 55-62
    • Romanuk, T.N.1    Kolasa, J.2
  • 61
    • 0026564871 scopus 로고
    • Is extinction rate related to temporal variability in population size? An empirical answer for orb spiders
    • Schoener, T. W., and D. A. Spiller. 1992. Is extinction rate related to temporal variability in population size? An empirical answer for orb spiders. The American Naturalist 139:1176-1207.
    • (1992) The American Naturalist , vol.139 , pp. 1176-1207
    • Schoener, T.W.1    Spiller, D.A.2
  • 62
    • 10644237643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear programming models to optimize uneven-aged loblolly pine management
    • J. D. Haywood, editor. General technical report SRS-30. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina
    • Schulte, B. J., J. Buongiorno, and K. Skog. 1999. Nonlinear programming models to optimize uneven-aged loblolly pine management. Pages 381-387 in J. D. Haywood, editor. Proceedings of the 10th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. General technical report SRS-30. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference , pp. 381-387
    • Schulte, B.J.1    Buongiorno, J.2    Skog, K.3
  • 63
    • 84856043672 scopus 로고
    • A mathematical theory of communication
    • Shannon, C. E. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27:379-423, 023-656.
    • (1948) Bell System Technical Journal , vol.27 , pp. 379-423
    • Shannon, C.E.1
  • 64
    • 0026278217 scopus 로고
    • Population responses to fire in a tropical savanna grass, Andropogon semiberbis: A matrix model approach
    • Silva, J. F., J. Raventos, H. Caswell, and M. C. Trevisan. 1991. Population responses to fire in a tropical savanna grass, Andropogon semiberbis: a matrix model approach. Journal of Ecology 79:345-356.
    • (1991) Journal of Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 345-356
    • Silva, J.F.1    Raventos, J.2    Caswell, H.3    Trevisan, M.C.4
  • 65
    • 0031102939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flagships, umbrellas, and keystones: Is single-species management pasś in the landscape era?
    • Simberloff, D. 1998. Flagships, umbrellas, and keystones: is single-species management pasś in the landscape era? Biological Conservation 83:247-257.
    • (1998) Biological Conservation , vol.83 , pp. 247-257
    • Simberloff, D.1
  • 66
    • 0023824375 scopus 로고
    • Control of landscape diversity by catastrophic disturbance: A theory and a case study of fire in a Canadian boreal forest
    • Suffling, R., C. Lihou, and Y. Morand. 1988. Control of landscape diversity by catastrophic disturbance: a theory and a case study of fire in a Canadian boreal forest. Environmental Management 12:73-78.
    • (1988) Environmental Management , vol.12 , pp. 73-78
    • Suffling, R.1    Lihou, C.2    Morand, Y.3
  • 67
    • 49549165222 scopus 로고
    • A history of fire and vegetation in northeastern Minnesota as recorded in lake sediments
    • Swain, A. M. 1973. A history of fire and vegetation in northeastern Minnesota as recorded in lake sediments. Quaternary Research 3:383-396.
    • (1973) Quaternary Research , vol.3 , pp. 383-396
    • Swain, A.M.1
  • 68
    • 0030619963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests
    • Tester, J. R., A. M. Starfield, and L. E. Frelich. 1997. Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests. Biological Conservation 80:313-324.
    • (1997) Biological Conservation , vol.80 , pp. 313-324
    • Tester, J.R.1    Starfield, A.M.2    Frelich, L.E.3
  • 69
    • 0008555533 scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fire for site preparation in white and red pine
    • D. A. Cameron, compiler. White and red pine symposium. Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Center, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
    • Van Wagner, C. E., and I. R. Methven. 1978. Prescribed fire for site preparation in white and red pine. Pages 95-100 in D. A. Cameron, compiler. White and red pine symposium. Symposium proceedings O-P-6. Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Center, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
    • (1978) Symposium Proceedings O-P-6 , pp. 95-100
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1    Methven, I.R.2
  • 70
    • 0004246698 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Whelan, R. J. 1995. The ecology of fire. Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (1995) The Ecology of Fire
    • Whelan, R.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.