메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1033, Issue , 2004, Pages 67-78

Carnitine and sports medicine: Use or abuse?

Author keywords

Carnitine; Exercise; Homeostasis; Metabolism; Skeletal muscle; Supplementation

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE;

EID: 10644243305     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1320.006     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (62)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0021024932 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine - Metabolism and functions
    • BREMER, J. 1983. Carnitine - metabolism and functions. Physiol. Rev. 63: 1420-1480.
    • (1983) Physiol. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 1420-1480
    • Bremer, J.1
  • 2
    • 0034115819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity
    • RASMUSSEN, U.F. & H.N. RASMUSSEN. 2000. Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity. Acta Physiol. Scand. 168: 473-480.
    • (2000) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.168 , pp. 473-480
    • Rasmussen, U.F.1    Rasmussen, H.N.2
  • 3
    • 0023904816 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) in isolated human skeletal muscle mitochondria
    • UZIEL, G., B. GARAVAGLIA & S. DI DONATO. 1988. Carnitine stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) in isolated human skeletal muscle mitochondria. Muscle Nerve 11: 720-724.
    • (1988) Muscle Nerve , vol.11 , pp. 720-724
    • Uziel, G.1    Garavaglia, B.2    Di Donato, S.3
  • 4
    • 0031868466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic disorders of carnitine metabolism and their nutritional management
    • KERNER, J. & C. HOPPEL. 1998. Genetic disorders of carnitine metabolism and their nutritional management. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 18: 179-206.
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Nutr. , vol.18 , pp. 179-206
    • Kerner, J.1    Hoppel, C.2
  • 5
    • 0023185385 scopus 로고
    • L-Carnitine: A preliminary review of its pharmacokinetics, and its therapeutic use in ischaemic cardiac disease and primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies in relationship to its role in fatty acid metabolism
    • GOA, K.L. & R.N. BROGDEN. 1987. L-Carnitine: a preliminary review of its pharmacokinetics, and its therapeutic use in ischaemic cardiac disease and primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies in relationship to its role in fatty acid metabolism. Drugs 34: 1-24.
    • (1987) Drugs , vol.34 , pp. 1-24
    • Goa, K.L.1    Brogden, R.N.2
  • 6
    • 0024441287 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism during exercise in humans: Dependence on skeletal muscle metabolic state
    • HIATT, W.R., J.G. REGENSTEINER, E.E. WOLFEL et al. 1989. Carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism during exercise in humans: dependence on skeletal muscle metabolic state. J. Clin. Invest. 84: 1167-1173.
    • (1989) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.84 , pp. 1167-1173
    • Hiatt, W.R.1    Regensteiner, J.G.2    Wolfel, E.E.3
  • 7
    • 0035197275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and sex dependency of carnitine concentration in human serum and skeletal muscle
    • OPALKA, J.R., F.N. GELLERICH & S. ZIERZ. 2001. Age and sex dependency of carnitine concentration in human serum and skeletal muscle. Clin. Chem. 47: 2150-2153.
    • (2001) Clin. Chem. , vol.47 , pp. 2150-2153
    • Opalka, J.R.1    Gellerich, F.N.2    Zierz, S.3
  • 8
    • 0025893278 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: Effects of physical exercise, training, and L-carnitine administration
    • ARENAS, J., J.R. RICOY, A.R. ENCINAS et al. 1991. Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: effects of physical exercise, training, and L-carnitine administration. Muscle Nerve 14: 598-604.
    • (1991) Muscle Nerve , vol.14 , pp. 598-604
    • Arenas, J.1    Ricoy, J.R.2    Encinas, A.R.3
  • 9
    • 0031780175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of carnitine and carnitine supplementation during exercise in man and in individuals with special needs
    • BRASS, E.P. & W.R. HIATT. 1998. The role of carnitine and carnitine supplementation during exercise in man and in individuals with special needs. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 17: 207-215.
    • (1998) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.17 , pp. 207-215
    • Brass, E.P.1    Hiatt, W.R.2
  • 10
    • 0033837744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplemental carnitine and exercise
    • BRASS, E.P. 2000. Supplemental carnitine and exercise. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: 618S-623S.
    • (2000) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.72
    • Brass, E.P.1
  • 11
    • 0038267935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine et performance physique
    • LEBORGNE, F. & J. DEMARQUOY. 2003. Carnitine et performance physique. Sci. Sports 18: 125-133.
    • (2003) Sci. Sports , vol.18 , pp. 125-133
    • LeBorgne, F.1    Demarquoy, J.2
  • 13
    • 0037381302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the impact of L-carnitine therapy on patient functionality in maintenance hemodialysis
    • MILLER, B. & S. AHMAD. 2003. A review of the impact of L-carnitine therapy on patient functionality in maintenance hemodialysis. Am. I. Kidney Dis. 41: S44-S48.
    • (2003) Am. I. Kidney Dis. , vol.41
    • Miller, B.1    Ahmad, S.2
  • 14
    • 0023905696 scopus 로고
    • Increases in walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with L-carnitine: A double-blind, cross-over study
    • BREVETTI, G., M. CHIARIELLO, G. FERULANO et al. 1988. Increases in walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with L-carnitine: a double-blind, cross-over study. Circulation 77: 767-773.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.77 , pp. 767-773
    • Brevetti, G.1    Chiariello, M.2    Ferulano, G.3
  • 15
    • 0029035063 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic considerations for the therapeutic use of carnitine in hemodialysis patients
    • discussion, p. 175
    • BRASS, E.P. 1995. Pharmacokinetic considerations for the therapeutic use of carnitine in hemodialysis patients. Clin. Ther. 17: 176-185; discussion, p. 175.
    • (1995) Clin. Ther. , vol.17 , pp. 176-185
    • Brass, E.P.1
  • 16
    • 0023814882 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of bolus intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects
    • HARPER, P., C.E. ELWIN & G. CEDERBLAD, 1988. Pharmacokinetics of bolus intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 35: 69-75.
    • (1988) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.35 , pp. 69-75
    • Harper, P.1    Elwin, C.E.2    Cederblad, G.3
  • 17
    • 0029072276 scopus 로고
    • Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of L-carnitine 330-mg tablet versus 1-g chewable tablet versus enteral solution in healthy adult male volunteers
    • SAHAJWALLA, C.G., E.D. HELTON, E.D. PURICH et al. 1995. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of L-carnitine 330-mg tablet versus 1-g chewable tablet versus enteral solution in healthy adult male volunteers. J. Pharm. Sci. 84: 627-633.
    • (1995) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 627-633
    • Sahajwalla, C.G.1    Helton, E.D.2    Purich, E.D.3
  • 18
    • 0019445534 scopus 로고
    • Primary systemic carnitine deficiency: II. Renal handling of carnitine
    • ENGEL, A.G., C.J. REBOUCHE, D.M. WILSON et al. 1981. Primary systemic carnitine deficiency: II. Renal handling of carnitine. Neurology 31: 819-825.
    • (1981) Neurology , vol.31 , pp. 819-825
    • Engel, A.G.1    Rebouche, C.J.2    Wilson, D.M.3
  • 19
    • 0032493741 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and functional identification of sodium ion-dependent, high affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2
    • TAMAI, I., R. OHASHI, J. NEZU et al. 1988. Molecular and functional identification of sodium ion-dependent, high affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 20378-20382.
    • (1988) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 20378-20382
    • Tamai, I.1    Ohashi, R.2    Nezu, J.3
  • 20
    • 0033515017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 in primary carnitine deficiency
    • WANG, Y., J. YE, V. GANAPATHY & N. LONGO. 1999. Mutations in the organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 in primary carnitine deficiency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 2356-2360.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 2356-2360
    • Wang, Y.1    Ye, J.2    Ganapathy, V.3    Longo, N.4
  • 21
    • 0032997735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter, lead to deficient cellular carnitine uptake in primary carnitine deficiency
    • TANG, N.L., V. GANAPATHY, X. WU et al. 1999. Mutations of OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter, lead to deficient cellular carnitine uptake in primary carnitine deficiency. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8: 655-660.
    • (1999) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 655-660
    • Tang, N.L.1    Ganapathy, V.2    Wu, X.3
  • 22
    • 0020318261 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine transport in cultured muscle cells and skin fibroblasts from patients with primary systemic carnitine deficiency
    • REBOUCHE, C.J. & A.G. ENGEL. 1982. Carnitine transport in cultured muscle cells and skin fibroblasts from patients with primary systemic carnitine deficiency. In Vitro 18: 495-500.
    • (1982) In Vitro , vol.18 , pp. 495-500
    • Rebouche, C.J.1    Engel, A.G.2
  • 23
    • 0022383541 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine transport in rat heart slices: I. The action of thiol reagents on the acetylcarnitine/carnitine exchange
    • SARTORELLI, L., M. CIMAN & N. SILIPRANDI. 1985. Carnitine transport in rat heart slices: I. The action of thiol reagents on the acetylcarnitine/ carnitine exchange. Ital. J. Biochem. 34: 275-281.
    • (1985) Ital. J. Biochem. , vol.34 , pp. 275-281
    • Sartorelli, L.1    Ciman, M.2    Siliprandi, N.3
  • 24
    • 0023521588 scopus 로고
    • Transport and function of L-carnitine and L-propionylcarnitine: Relevance to some cardiomyopathies and cardiac ischemia
    • SILIPRANDI, N., F. DI LISA, A. PIVETTA et al. 1987. Transport and function of L-carnitine and L-propionylcarnitine: relevance to some cardiomyopathies and cardiac ischemia. Z. Kardiol. 76: 34-40.
    • (1987) Z. Kardiol. , vol.76 , pp. 34-40
    • Siliprandi, N.1    Di Lisa, F.2    Pivetta, A.3
  • 25
    • 0025893781 scopus 로고
    • Effect of exogenous carnitine on carnitine homeostasis in the rat
    • RUFF, L.J., L.G. MILLER & E.P. BRASS. 1991. Effect of exogenous carnitine on carnitine homeostasis in the rat. Biochim. Biophy. Acta 1073: 543-549.
    • (1991) Biochim. Biophy. Acta , vol.1073 , pp. 543-549
    • Ruff, L.J.1    Miller, L.G.2    Brass, E.P.3
  • 26
    • 0001762461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of L-carnitine transport into rat skeletal muscle plasma membrane vesicles
    • BERARDI, S., B. STIEGER, B. HAGENBUCH et al. 2000. Characterization of L-carnitine transport into rat skeletal muscle plasma membrane vesicles. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 1985-1994.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.267 , pp. 1985-1994
    • Berardi, S.1    Stieger, B.2    Hagenbuch, B.3
  • 27
    • 0028222594 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans
    • BRASS, E.P., C.L. HOPPEL & W.R. HIATT. 1994. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 55: 681-692.
    • (1994) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.55 , pp. 681-692
    • Brass, E.P.1    Hoppel, C.L.2    Hiatt, W.R.3
  • 28
    • 0027978207 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine supplementation: Effect on muscle carnitine and glycogen content during exercise
    • VUKOVICH, M.D., D.L. COSTILL & W.J. FINK. 1994. Carnitine supplementation: effect on muscle carnitine and glycogen content during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exer. 26: 1122-1129.
    • (1994) Med. Sci. Sports Exer. , vol.26 , pp. 1122-1129
    • Vukovich, M.D.1    Costill, D.L.2    Fink, W.J.3
  • 29
    • 0028501372 scopus 로고
    • Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on muscle and blood carnitine content and lactate accumulation during high-intensity sprint cycling
    • BARNETT, C., D.L. COSTILL, M.D. VUKOVICH et al. 1994. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on muscle and blood carnitine content and lactate accumulation during high-intensity sprint cycling. Int. J. Sport Nutr. 4: 280-288.
    • (1994) Int. J. Sport Nutr. , vol.4 , pp. 280-288
    • Barnett, C.1    Costill, D.L.2    Vukovich, M.D.3
  • 30
    • 0026451047 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of endurance athletes: Effect of L-carnitine
    • HUERTAS, R., Y. CAMPOS, E. DIAZ et al. 1992. Respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of endurance athletes: effect of L-carnitine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188: 102-107.
    • (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.188 , pp. 102-107
    • Huertas, R.1    Campos, Y.2    Diaz, E.3
  • 31
    • 0037382472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does exercise training interfere with the effects of L-carnitine supplementation?
    • BACURAU, R.F., F. NAVARRO, R.A. BASSIT et al. 2003. Does exercise training interfere with the effects of L-carnitine supplementation? Nutrition 19: 337-341.
    • (2003) Nutrition , vol.19 , pp. 337-341
    • Bacurau, R.F.1    Navarro, F.2    Bassit, R.A.3
  • 32
    • 0031714490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat metabolism in exercise
    • WOLFE, R.R. 1998. Fat metabolism in exercise. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 441: 147-156.
    • (1998) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.441 , pp. 147-156
    • Wolfe, R.R.1
  • 33
    • 0025237802 scopus 로고
    • Muscle carnitine metabolism during incremental dynamic exercise in humans
    • SAHLIN, K. 1990. Muscle carnitine metabolism during incremental dynamic exercise in humans. Acta Physiol. Scand. 138: 259-262.
    • (1990) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.138 , pp. 259-262
    • Sahlin, K.1
  • 34
    • 0028102328 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the coenzyme a and the carnitine pools in human skeletal muscle at rest and after exhaustive exercise under normoxic and acutely hypoxic conditions
    • FRIOLET, R., H. HOPPELER & S. KRAHENBUHL. 1994. Relationship between the coenzyme A and the carnitine pools in human skeletal muscle at rest and after exhaustive exercise under normoxic and acutely hypoxic conditions. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 1490-1495.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.94 , pp. 1490-1495
    • Friolet, R.1    Hoppeler, H.2    Krahenbuhl, S.3
  • 35
    • 0020624753 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the affinity for carnitine, and malonyl-CoA sensitivity, of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in animal and human tissues: Demonstration of the presence of malonyl-CoA in non-hepatic tissues of the rat
    • MCGARRY, J.D., S.E. MILLS, C.S. LONG & D.W. FOSTER. 1983. Observations on the affinity for carnitine, and malonyl-CoA sensitivity, of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in animal and human tissues: demonstration of the presence of malonyl-CoA in non-hepatic tissues of the rat. Biochem. J. 214: 21-28.
    • (1983) Biochem. J. , vol.214 , pp. 21-28
    • McGarry, J.D.1    Mills, S.E.2    Long, C.S.3    Foster, D.W.4
  • 36
    • 0031282418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional studies of yeast-expressed human heart muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
    • ZHU, H., J. SHI, Y. DE VRIES et al. 1997. Functional studies of yeast-expressed human heart muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 347: 53-61.
    • (1997) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.347 , pp. 53-61
    • Zhu, H.1    Shi, J.2    De Vries, Y.3
  • 37
    • 0025311567 scopus 로고
    • Association between muscle acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine levels in the exercising horse
    • CARLIN, J.I., R.C. HARRIS, G. CEDERBLAD et al. 1990. Association between muscle acetyl-CoA and acetylcarnitine levels in the exercising horse. J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 42-45.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.69 , pp. 42-45
    • Carlin, J.I.1    Harris, R.C.2    Cederblad, G.3
  • 38
    • 0029070239 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity during acetate infusion in humans
    • PUTMAN, C.T., L.L. SPRIET, E. HULTMAN et al. 1995. Skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity during acetate infusion in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 268: E1007-E1017.
    • (1995) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.268
    • Putman, C.T.1    Spriet, L.L.2    Hultman, E.3
  • 39
    • 0031149321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Carnitine stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation rate in isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria
    • BERTHON, P., M. VAN DER VEER, C. DENIS & D. FREYSSENET. 1997. L-Carnitine stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation rate in isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Comp. Physiol. 117: 141-145.
    • (1997) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Comp. Physiol. , vol.117 , pp. 141-145
    • Berthon, P.1    Van Der Veer, M.2    Denis, C.3    Freyssenet, D.4
  • 40
    • 0021349293 scopus 로고
    • Systemic carnitine deficiency: Clinical, biochemical, and morphological cure with L-carnitine
    • DI DONATO, S., D. PELUCCHETTI, M. RIMOLDI et al. 1984. Systemic carnitine deficiency: clinical, biochemical, and morphological cure with L-carnitine. Neurology 34: 157-162.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 157-162
    • Di Donato, S.1    Pelucchetti, D.2    Rimoldi, M.3
  • 41
    • 0024246260 scopus 로고
    • Primary carnitine deficiency due to a failure of carnitine transport in kidney, muscle, and fibroblasts
    • TREEM, W.R., C.A. STANLEY, D.N. FINEGOLD et al. 1988. Primary carnitine deficiency due to a failure of carnitine transport in kidney, muscle, and fibroblasts. N. Engl. J. Med. 319: 1331-1336.
    • (1988) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.319 , pp. 1331-1336
    • Treem, W.R.1    Stanley, C.A.2    Finegold, D.N.3
  • 42
    • 0027399702 scopus 로고
    • Infantile idiopathic myopathic carnitine deficiency: Treatment with L-carnitine
    • SHAPIRA, Y., B. GLICK, S. HAREL et al. 1993. Infantile idiopathic myopathic carnitine deficiency: treatment with L-carnitine. Pediatr. Neurol. 9: 35-38.
    • (1993) Pediatr. Neurol. , vol.9 , pp. 35-38
    • Shapira, Y.1    Glick, B.2    Harel, S.3
  • 43
    • 0036890172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pivalate-generating prodrugs and carnitine homeostasis in man
    • BRASS, E.P. 2002. Pivalate-generating prodrugs and carnitine homeostasis in man. Pharmacol. Rev. 54: 589-598.
    • (2002) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.54 , pp. 589-598
    • Brass, E.P.1
  • 44
    • 0346958512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of ester prodrugs to enhance oral absorption of poorly permeable compounds: Challenges to the discovery scientist
    • BEAUMONT, K., R. WEBSTER, I. GARDNER & K. DACK. 2003. Design of ester prodrugs to enhance oral absorption of poorly permeable compounds: challenges to the discovery scientist. Curr. Drug Metab. 4: 461-485.
    • (2003) Curr. Drug Metab. , vol.4 , pp. 461-485
    • Beaumont, K.1    Webster, R.2    Gardner, I.3    Dack, K.4
  • 45
    • 0024410225 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine deficiency induced by pivampicillin and pivmecillinam therapy
    • HOLME, E., J. GRETER, C.E. JACOBSON et al. 1989. Carnitine deficiency induced by pivampicillin and pivmecillinam therapy. Lancet 2: 469-473.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 469-473
    • Holme, E.1    Greter, J.2    Jacobson, C.E.3
  • 46
    • 0026648387 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pivalic acid-containing prodrugs on carnitine homeostasis and on response to fasting in children
    • HOLME, E., U. JODAL, S. LINSTEDT & I. NORDIN. 1992. Effects of pivalic acid-containing prodrugs on carnitine homeostasis and on response to fasting in children. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 52: 361-372.
    • (1992) Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. , vol.52 , pp. 361-372
    • Holme, E.1    Jodal, U.2    Linstedt, S.3    Nordin, I.4
  • 47
    • 0037385524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact on carnitine homeostasis of short-term treatment with the pivalate prodrug cefditoren pivoxil
    • BRASS, E.P., M.D. MAYER, D.J. MULFORD et al. 2003. Impact on carnitine homeostasis of short-term treatment with the pivalate prodrug cefditoren pivoxil. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 73: 338-347.
    • (2003) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.73 , pp. 338-347
    • Brass, E.P.1    Mayer, M.D.2    Mulford, D.J.3
  • 48
    • 0015158588 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of muscle to exercise: Increase in levels of palmityl CoA synthetase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and palmitoyl CoA dehydrogenase, and in the capacity to oxidize fatty acids
    • MOLE, P.A., L.B. OSCAI & J.O. HOLLOSZY. 1971. Adaptation of muscle to exercise: increase in levels of palmityl CoA synthetase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and palmitoyl CoA dehydrogenase, and in the capacity to oxidize fatty acids. J. Clin. Invest. 50: 2323-2330.
    • (1971) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.50 , pp. 2323-2330
    • Mole, P.A.1    Oscai, L.B.2    Holloszy, J.O.3
  • 49
    • 0025245568 scopus 로고
    • Large variations in skeletal muscle carnitine level fail to modify energy metabolism in exercising rats
    • SIMI, B., M.H. MAYET, B. SEMPORE & R.J. FAVIER. 1990. Large variations in skeletal muscle carnitine level fail to modify energy metabolism in exercising rats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A97: 543-549.
    • (1990) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.A97 , pp. 543-549
    • Simi, B.1    Mayet, M.H.2    Sempore, B.3    Favier, R.J.4
  • 50
    • 0024411771 scopus 로고
    • Decrease in respiratory quotient during exercise following L-carnitine supplementation
    • GOROSTIAGA, E.M., C.A. MAURER & J.P. ECLACHE. 1989. Decrease in respiratory quotient during exercise following L-carnitine supplementation. Int. J. Sports Med. 10: 169-174.
    • (1989) Int. J. Sports Med. , vol.10 , pp. 169-174
    • Gorostiaga, E.M.1    Maurer, C.A.2    Eclache, J.P.3
  • 51
    • 0025239339 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic changes induced by maximal exercise in human subjects following L-carnitine administration
    • SILIPRANDI, N., F. DI LISA, G. PIERALISI et al. 1990. Metabolic changes induced by maximal exercise in human subjects following L-carnitine administration. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1034: 17-21.
    • (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1034 , pp. 17-21
    • Siliprandi, N.1    Di Lisa, F.2    Pieralisi, G.3
  • 52
    • 0023936282 scopus 로고
    • Influence of carnitine supplementation on muscle substrate and carnitine metabolism during exercise
    • SOOP, M., O. BJORKMAN, G. CEDERBLAD et al. 1988. Influence of carnitine supplementation on muscle substrate and carnitine metabolism during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 64: 2394-2399.
    • (1988) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.64 , pp. 2394-2399
    • Soop, M.1    Bjorkman, O.2    Cederblad, G.3
  • 53
    • 0016593346 scopus 로고
    • Exercise physiology in health and disease
    • WASSERMAN, K. & B.J. WHIPP. 1975. Exercise physiology in health and disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 112: 219-249.
    • (1975) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.112 , pp. 219-249
    • Wasserman, K.1    Whipp, B.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.