Operational definition of a causative contact allergen - A study with six fragrance allergens

Exogenous Dermatology

Volumn 2, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 279-285

  Hostýnek, Jurij J ^a   Maibach, Howard I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Allergic contact dermatitis; Clinical relevance; Elicitation; Fragrance; Induction; Patch testing; Threshold dose

Indexed keywords

4 METHOXYBENZYL ALCOHOL; ALPHA AMYLCINNAMALDEHYDE; ALPHA ISOMETHYLIONONE; CITRONELLOL; CONTACT ALLERGEN; FRAGRANCE; GERANIOL; LINALOOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALLERGENICITY; CONTACT ALLERGY; CONTACT DERMATITIS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PATCH TEST; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 10644229063     PISSN: 14244616     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000081564     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Ale SI, Maibach HI: Clinical relevance in allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatosen 1995;43:119-121.
2. Benezra C, Sigman CC, Perry LR, Helmes CT, Maibach HI: A systemic search for structureactivity relationships of skin contact sensitizers: Methodology. J Invest Dermatol 1985;85:351-356.
3. Boukhman MP, Maibach HI: Thresholds in contact sensitization: Immunologic mechanisms and experimental evidence in humans - An overview. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39:1125-1134.
4. Brasch J, Henseler T: The reaction index: A parameter to assess the quality of patch test preparations. Contact Dermatitis 1992;27:203-204.
5. Bruynzeel DP, van Ketel WG, von Blomberg-van der Flier, Scheper RJ: Angry back or the excited skin syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:392.
6. Calvin G, Menné T: Concentration threshold of non-occluded nickel exposure in nickel-sensitive individuals and controls with and without surfactant. Contact Dermatitis 1993;29:180-184.
7. Chan PK, Baldwin RC, Parsons RD, Moss JN, Stiratelli R, Smith JM, Hayes AW: Kathon biocide: Manifestation of delayed contact dermatitis in guinea pigs is dependent on the concentration for induction and challenge. J Invest Dermatol 1983;81:409-411.
8. European Commission: Directive 2003/15/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 February 2003. Official Journal of the European Communities, L66/26-35, March 11, 2003.
9. Fischer TI, Hansen J, Krielgärd B, Maibach HI: The science of patch test standardization. Immunol Allergy Clin 1989;9:417-434.
10. Fischer T, Maibach HI: Improved, but not perfect, patch testing. Am J Contact Dermatitis 1990;1:73-90.
11. Fisher AA: Perfume dermatitis. I. General considerations and testing procedures. Cutis 1980;26:458-477.
12. Fregert S: Patch testing with isolated and identified substances in products: Basis for prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:857-860.
13. Friedmann PS, Moss C: Quantification of contact hypersensitivity in man; in Maibach HI, Lowe N (eds): Models in Dermatology. Basel, Karger, 1985, vol 2, pp 275-283.
14. Funk JO, Maibach HI: Propylene glycol dermatitis: Re-evaluation of an old problem. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31:236-241.
15. Geier J, Uter W, Pirker C, Frosch PJ: Patch testing with the irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is useful for interpreting weak reactions to contact allergens as allergic or irritant. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:99-107.
16. Gerberick GF, Robinson MK, Felter SP, White IR, Basketter DA: Understanding fragrance allergy using an exposure-based risk assessment approach. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45:333-340.
17. Handley J, Burrows D: Allergic contact dermatitis from the synthetic fragrances Lyral and acetyl cedrene in separate underarm deodorants preparations. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31:288-290.
18. Henderson CR, Riley EC: Certain statistical considerations with patch testing. J Invest Dermatol 1948;6:227-232.
19. Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI: Is there evidence that anisyl alcohol causes allergic contact dermatitis? Exog Dermatol 2003a;2:230-233.
20. Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI: Is there evidence that linalool causes allergic contact dermatitis? Exog Dermatol 2003b;2:223-229.
21. Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI: Is there evidence that amylcinnamic aldehyde causes allergic contact dermatitis? Exog Dermatol, submitted a.
22. Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI: Is there evidence that citronellol causes allergic contact dermatitis? Exog Dermatol, submitted b.
23. Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI: Is there evidence that geraniol causes allergic contact dermatitis? Exog Dermatol, submitted c.
24. Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI: Is there evidence that alpha-isomethylionone causes allergic contact dermatitis? Exog Dermatol, submitted d.
25. Jayjock MA, Lewis PG: Low-applied-dose extrapolation of induction and elicitation of contact allergy in the evaluation and management of sensitization risk from Kathon CG isothiazolone in products. Am J Contact Dermatitis 1992;3:86-91.
26. Johansen JD, Menné T: The fragrance mix and its constituents: A 14-year material. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:18-23.
27. Kiefer M: Nickel sensitivity: Relationship between history and patch test reaction. Contact Dermatitis 1979;5:398-401.
28. Kraus AL, Altringer LA, Allgood GS: Allergic contact dermatitis from propyl gallate: A dose response comparison using various application methods. Contact Dermatitis 1990;22:132-136.
29. Lachapelle J-M: A proposed relevance scoring system for positive allergic patch test reactions: Practical implications and limitations. Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:39-43.
30. Lachapelle J-M, Bruynzeel DP, Ducombs G, Hannuksela M, Ring J, White IR, Wilkinson J, Fischer T, Billberg K: European Multicenter Study of the True Test. Contact Dermatitis 1988;19:91-97.
31. Lachapelle J-M, Maibach HI: Patch Testing and Prick Testing. Berlin, Springer, 2003, pp 121-130.
32. McFadden JP, Wakelin SH, Holloway DB, Basketter DA: The effect of patch duration on the elicitation of para-phenylenediamine contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39:79-81.
33. Maibach HI: The excited skin syndrome; in Ring J, Burg G (eds): New Trends in Allergy. Berlin, Springer, 1981, pp 208-221.
34. Marks JG, Belsito DV, Deleo VA, Fowler JF, Fransway AF, Maibach HI, Mathias CGT, Nethercott JR, Rietschel RL, Sherertz EF, Storrs FJ, Taylor JS: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Patch test results for detection of delayed hypersensitivity to topical allergens. Am J Contact Dermatitis 1998;38:911-918.
35. Menné T, Wahlberg JE on behalf of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Group: Risk assessment failures of chemicals commonly used in consumer products. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46:189-190.
36. Mitchell JC: The angry back syndrome: Eczema creates eczema. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1:193-194.
37. Mitchell J, Maibach HI: Managing the excited skin syndrome: Patch testing hyperirritable skin. Contact Dermatitis 1997;37:193-199.
38. Nakada T, Hostynek JJ, Maibach HI: Use tests: ROAT (repeated open application test)/PUT (provocative use test) - An overview. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43:1-2.
39. Nakamura Y, Higaki T, Kato H, Kishida F, Kogiso S, Isobe N, Kaneko H: A quantitative comparison of induction and challenge concentrations inducing a 50% positive response in three skin sensitization tests: The guinea pig maximization test, adjuvant and patch test and Buehler test. J Toxicol Sci 1999;24:123-131.
40. Nater JP, de Groot AC: Unwanted Effects of Cosmetics and Drugs Used in Dermatology. Excerpta Medica. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1983, pp 16-23.
41. Nater JP, de Groot AC, Liem DH: Unwanted Effects of Cosmetics and Drugs Used in Dermatology. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1983, pp 337-383.
42. OECD: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Paris, OECD, 1981 as amended: http://www.oecd.org/oecd/pages/home/displaygeneral/0,3380,EN-document- 524-nodirectorateno-24-5647-8,00.html.
43. Robinson MK, Gerberick GF, Ryan CA, McNamee P, White IR, Basketter DA: The importance of exposure estimation in the assessment of skin sensitization risk. Contact Dermatitis 2000;42:251-259.
44. Schnuch A, Geier J, Uter W, Frosch PJ, Lehmacher W, Aberer W, Agathos M, Arnold R, Fuchs T, Laubstein B, Lischka G, Pietrzyk PM, Rakoski J, Richter G, Ruëff F: National rates and regional differences in sensitization to allergens of the standard series: Population adjusted frequencies of sensitization (PAFS) in 40,000 patients from a multicenter study (IVDK). Contact Dermatitis 1997;37:200-209.
45. Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and other Non-Food Products intended for consumers (SCCNFP): Opinion concerning fragrance allergy in consumers - A review of the problem: Analysis of the need for appropriate consumer information and identification of consumer allergens. Adopted by the SCCNFP during the plenary session of December 8, 1999.
46. Scott AE, Kashon ML, Yucesoy B, Luster M, Tinkle SS: Insights into the quantitative relationship between sensitization and challenge for allergic contact dermatitis reactions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002;183:66-70.
47. Smith CK, Hotchkiss SAM: Allergic contact dermatitis, chemical and metabolic mechanisms. London, Taylor & Francis, 2001.
48. Storrs FJ: Patch testing technique - Reading patch tests: Some pitfalls of patch testing. Am J Contact Dermatitis 1994;6:170-172.
49. Uter W, Schnuch A, Geier J, Frosch P: Epidemiology of contact dermatitis: The information network of departments of dermatology (IVDK) in Germany. Eur J Dermatol 1998;1:36-40.
50. Van Och FMM, Vandebriel RJ, Prinsen MK, De Jong WH, Slob W, van Loveren H: Comparison of dose-responses of contact allergens using the guinea pig maximization test and the local lymph node assay. Toxicology 2001;167:207-215.
51. Yamano T, Shimizu M, Noda T: Relative elicitation potencies of seven chemical allergens in the guinea pig maximization test. J Health Sci 2001;47:123-128.
52. Zhai H, Maibach HI: Skin occlusion and irritant and allergic contact dermatitis: An overview. Contact Dermatitis 2001;44:201-206.