Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL): Trends, geographic distribution, and etiology

Annals of Hematology

Volumn 84, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-12

  Müller, Antonia M S ^a   Ihorst, Gabriele ^a   Mertelsmann, Roland ^a   Engelhardt, Monika ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Current trends; Epidemiology; Etiology; Non Hodgkin's lymphoma

Indexed keywords

AGING; BURKITT LYMPHOMA; CANCER GRADING; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; DATA ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HUMAN; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS 1; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; T CELL LYMPHOMA;

ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; INFECTION; LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN; RISK FACTORS; TOPOGRAPHY, MEDICAL;

EID: 10344224002     PISSN: 09395555     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00277-004-0939-7     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Adami J, Gabel H, Lindelof B, Ekstrom K, Rydh B, Glimelius B, Ekbom A, Adami HO, Granath F (2003) Cancer risk following organ transplantation: A nationwide cohort study in Sweden. Br J Cancer 89:1221-1227 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601219, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3svlslOqtw%3D%3D, 14520450
2. Altekruse SF, Henley SJ, Thun MJ (1999) Deaths from hematopoietic and other cancers in relation to permanent hair dye use in a large prospective study (United States). Cancer Causes Control 10:617-625 10.1023/A:1008926027805, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FotlWhsg%3D%3D, 10616830
3. Anderson JR, Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD (1998) Epidemiology of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Distributions of the major subtypes differ by geographic locations. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma classification project. Ann Oncol 9:717-720 10.1023/A:1008265532487, 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvhtFOmsQ%3D%3D, 9739436
4. Arisawa K, Soda M, Endo S, Kurokawa K, Katamine S, Shimokawa I, Koba T, Takahashi T, Saito H, Doi H, Shirahama S (2000) Evaluation of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma incidence and its impact on non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence in southwestern Japan. Int J Cancer 85:319-324 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000201)85:3<319::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-B, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7itF2jtQ%3D%3D, 10652420
5. Ballerini P, Gaidano G, Gong JZ, Tassi V, Saglio G, Knowles DM, Dalla-Favera R (1993) Multiple genetic lesions in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 81:166-176 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhsVCltrk%3D, 8380252
6. Banks PM (1992) Changes in diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas over time. Cancer Res 52:5453s-5455s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptVc%3D, 1394153
7. Bentham G (1996) Association between incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and solar ultraviolet radiation in England and Wales. BMJ 312:1128-1131 1:STN:280:BymB3Mrlslw%3D, 8620128
8. Boice JD Jr (1992) Radiation and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Res 52:5489s-5491s 1394160
9. Cancer facts and figures 2004. American Cancer Society ( www.cancer.org )
10. Cantor KP, Blair A, Everett G, VanLier S, Burmeister L, Dick FR, Gibson RW, Schuman L (1988) Hair dye use and risk of leukemia and lymphoma. Am J Public Health 78:570-571 1:STN:280:BieC1c7jtV0%3D, 3354743
11. Carli PM, Boutron MC, Maynadie M, Bailly F, Caillot D, Petrella T (1994) Increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Evidence for a recent sharp increase in France independent of AIDS. Br J Cancer 70:713-715 1:STN:280:ByqD3c7js1A%3D, 7917925
12. Cartwright RA (1992) Changes in the descriptive epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Great Britain? Cancer Res 52:5441s-5442s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptVQ%3D, 1394150
13. Casanova M, Cole P, Collins JJ, Conolly R, Delzell E, Heck Hd HA, Leonard R, Lewis R, Marsh GM, Ott MG, Sorahan T, Axten CW (2004) Mortality from lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers in formaldehyde industries. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:966-967
14. Cerhan JR, Wallace RB, Folsom AR, Potter JD, Sellers TA, Zheng W, Lutz CT (1997) Medical history risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in older women. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:314-318 1:STN:280:ByiB3c7gtVM%3D, 9048836
15. Cerhan JR, Janney CA, Vachon CM, Habermann TM, Kay NE, Potter JD, Sellers TA, Folsom AR (2002) Anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 156:527-535 10.1093/aje/kwf082, 12226000
16. Clarke CA (2001) Changing incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among young men in San Francisco. AIDS 15:1913-1915 10.1097/00002030-200109280-00035, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrjtFyqsQ%3D%3D, 11579268
17. Clarke CA, Glaser SL (2002) Changing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States. Cancer 94:2015-2023 10.1002/cncr.10403, 11932904
18. Collins JJ, Ireland B, Buckley CF, Shepperly D (2003) Lymphohaematopoeitic cancer mortality among workers with benzene exposure. Occup Environ Med 60:676-679 10.1136/oem.60.9.676, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnvF2lt7k%3D, 12937190
19. Cook-Mozaffari P, Newton R, Beral V, Burkitt DP (1998) The geographical distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma and of lymphomas in Africa before the AIDS epidemic. Br J Cancer 78:1521-1528 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Flt1ejtA%3D%3D, 9836488
20. Corrao G, Corazza GR, Bagnardi V, Brusco G, Ciacci C, Cottone M, Sategna Guidetti C, Usai P, Cesari P, Pelli MA, Loperfido S, Volta U, Calabro A, Certo M, Club del Tenue Study Group (2001) Mortality in patients with coeliac disease and their relatives: A cohort study. Lancet 358:356-361 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05554-4, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mvls1eitg%3D%3D, 11502314
21. Coussens LM, Werb Z (2002) Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420:860-867 10.1038/nature01322, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFygtb4%3D, 12490959
22. Dal Maso L, Serraino D, Franceschi S (2001) Epidemiology of AIDS-related tumours in developed and developing countries. Eur J Cancer 37:1188-1201 10.1016/S0959-8049(01)00120-4, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mzmt1Wjtg%3D%3D, 11423251
23. Dalton SO, Johansen C, Mellemkjaer L, Sorensen HT, McLaughlin JK, Olsen J, Olsen JH (2000) Antidepressant medications and risk for cancer. Epidemiology 11:171-176 10.1097/00001648-200003000-00015, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvmsFKrug%3D%3D, 11021615
24. Devesa SS, Fears T (1992) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma time trends: United States and international data. Cancer Res 52:5432s-5440s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjovF0%3D, 1394149
25. De Vita S, Sacco C, Sansonno D, Gloghini A, Dammacco F, Crovatto M, Santini G, Dolcetti R, Boiocchi M, Carbone A, Zagonel V (1997) Characterization of overt B-cell lymphomas in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Blood 90:776-782 9226178
26. Dong C, Hemminki K (2001) Second primary neoplasms among 53 159 haematolymphoproliferative malignancy patients in Sweden, 1958-1996: A search for common mechanisms. Br J Cancer 85:997-1005 10.1038/sj.bjc.6691998, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mrks1Smsg%3D%3D, 11592772
27. Echimane AK, Ahnoux AA, Adoubi I, Hien S, M'Bra K, D'Horpock A, Diomande M, Anongba D, Mensah-Adoh I, Parkin DM (2000) Cancer incidence in Abidjan, Ivory Coast: First results from the cancer registry, 1995-1997. Cancer 89:653-663 10.1002/1097-0142(20000801)89:3<653::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-Z, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvgt1aqsA%3D%3D, 10931466
28. Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM (2001) Globocan 2000: Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide, version 1.0. IARC CancerBase No. 5. IARC, Lyon. Limited version available from http://www-dep.iarc.fr/globocan/globocan.htm (last updated on 03/02/2001)
29. Ferreri AJ, Guidoboni M, Ponzoni M, De Conciliis C, Dell'Oro S, Fleischhauer K, Caggiari L, Lettini AA, Dal Cin E, Ieri R, Freschi M, Villa E, Boiocchi M, Dolcetti R (2004) Evidence for an association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:586-594
30. Ferri C, Caracciolo F, Zignego AL, La Civita L, Monti M, Longombardo G, Lombardini F, Greco F, Capochiani E, Mazzoni A (1994) Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol 88:392-394 1:STN:280:ByqC3c7ltFc%3D, 7803287
31. Filipovich AH, Mathur A, Kamat D, Shapiro RS (1992) Primary immunodeficiencies: Genetic risk factors for lymphoma. Cancer Res 52:5465s-5467s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptVE%3D, 1327508
32. Franchini G, Fukumoto R, Fullen JR (2003) T-cell control by human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1. Int J Hematol 78:280-296 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvFGqtg%3D%3D, 14686485
33. Freedman DM, Zahm SH, Dosemeci M (1997) Residential and occupational exposure to sunlight and mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: composite (threefold) case-control study. BMJ 314:1451-1455 1:STN:280:ByiA3M%2FjvFA%3D, 9167561
34. Gisbert JP, Khorrami S, Calvet X, Pajares JM (2004) Pantoprazole based therapies in Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:89-99 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjs1agt7k%3D, 15095858
35. Gniadecki R, Rossen K, Ralfkier E, Thomsen K, Skovgaard GL, Jonsson V (2004) CD56+ lymphoma with skin involvement: Clinicopathologic features and classification. Arch Dermatol 140:427-436
36. Green PH, Fleischauer AT, Bhagat G, Goyal R, Jabri B, Neugut AI (2003) Risk of malignancy in patients with celiac disease. Am J Med 115:191-195 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00302-4, 12935825
37. Greiner TC, Medeiros LJ, Jaffe ES (1995) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer 75:370-380 1:STN:280:ByqD1Mvhtlc%3D, 8001008
38. Gridley G, McLaughlin JK, Ekbom A, Klareskog L, Adami HO, Hacker DG, Hoover R, Fraumeni JF Jr (1993) Incidence of cancer among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Natl Cancer Inst 85:307-311 1:STN:280:ByyC2cfjt1c%3D, 8426374
39. Groves FD, Linet MS, Travis LB, Devesa SS (2000) Cancer surveillance series: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence by histologic subtype in the United States from 1978 through 1995. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:1240-1251 10.1093/jnci/92.15.1240, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvhsVWrug%3D%3D, 10922409
40. Grulich AE, Wan X, Law MG, Milliken ST, Lewis CR, Garsia RJ, Gold J, Finlayson RJ, Cooper DA, Kaldor JM (2000) B-cell stimulation and prolonged immune deficiency are risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in people with AIDS. AIDS 14:133-140
41. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, Banks PM, Chan JK, Cleary ML, Delsol G, De Wolf-Peeters C, Falini B, Gatter KC (1994) A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: A proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 84:1361-1392 1:STN:280:ByuA2cfgsFM%3D, 8068936
42. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD (1999) World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: Report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting - Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol 17:3835-3849 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FksVyltQ%3D%3D, 10577857
43. Hartge P, Devesa SS, Fraumeni JF Jr (1994) Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cancer Surv 19-20:423-453
44. Hartge P, Devesa SS, Grauman D, Fears TR, Fraumeni JF Jr (1996) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and sunlight. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:298-300 1:STN:280:BymC2sbjsFY%3D, 8614009
45. Hauptmann M, Lubin JH, Stewart PA, Hayes RB, Blair A (2003) Mortality from lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers in formaldehyde industries. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:1615-1623 10.1093/jnci/djg083, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptVequrc%3D, 14600094
46. Hemminki K, Li X, Czene K (2004) Familial risk of cancer: Data for clinical counseling and cancer genetics. Int J Cancer 108:109-114
47. Herrinton LJ, Friedman GD (1998) Cigarette smoking and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1:25-28
48. Herrinton LJ, Goldoft M, Schwartz SM, Weiss NS (1996) The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and its histologic subtypes in Asian migrants to the United States and their descendants. Cancer Causes Control 7:224-230 1:STN:280:BymA38fmtVE%3D, 8740735
49. Hoover RN (1992) Lymphoma risks in populations with altered immunity - a search for mechanism. Cancer Res 52:5477s-5478s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptVw%3D, 1394157
50. Hu S, Ma F, Collado-Mesa F, Kirsner RS (2004) Ultraviolet radiation and incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among Hispanics in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:59-64 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVWnuw%3D%3D, 14744734
51. Intragumtornchai T, Wannakrairoj P, Chaimongkol B, Bhoopat L, Lekhakula A, Thamprasit T, Suwanwela N, Suthipinthawong C, Prayoonwiwat W, Meekungwal P, Sirijerachai C, Pairojkul C (1996) Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Thailand. A retrospective pathologic and clinical analysis of 1391 cases. Cancer 78:1813-1819 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19961015)78:8<1813::AID-CNCR24>3.3.CO;2-A, 1:STN:280:ByiD3M3jvVY%3D, 8859197
52. Kadan-Lottick NS, Skluzacek MC, Gurney JG (2002) Decreasing incidence rates of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer 95:193-202 10.1002/cncr.10643, 12115333
53. Kato I, Koenig KL, Baptiste MS, Lillquist PP, Frizzera G, Burke JS, Watanabe H, Shore RE (2003) History of antibiotic use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Int J Cancer 107:99-105 10.1002/ijc.11356, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntlKmt70%3D, 12925963
54. Kuppers R (2003) B cells under influence: Transformation of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus. Nat Rev Immunol 3:801-812 10.1038/nri1201, 14523386
55. Lecuit M, Abachin E, Martin A, Poyart C, Pochart P, Suarez F, Bengoufa D, Feuillard J, Lavergne A, Gordon JI, Berche P, Guillevin L, Lortholary O (2004) Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni . N Engl J Med 350:239-248
56. Levine AM, Shibata D, Sullivan-Halley J, Nathwani B, Brynes R, Slovak ML, Mahterian S, Riley CL, Weiss L, Levine PH et al (1992) Epidemiological and biological study of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma in the county of Los Angeles: Preliminary results. Cancer Res 52:5482s-5484s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptFQ%3D, 1327509
57. Linet MS, Pottern LM (1992) Familial aggregation of hematopoietic malignancies and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Res 52:5468s-5473s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptVI%3D, 1394155
58. Little RF, Pittaluga S, Grant N, Steinberg SM, Kavlick MF, Mitsuya H, Franchini G, Gutierrez M, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES, Shearer G, Yarchoan R, Wilson WH (2003) Highly effective treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma with dose-adjusted EPOCH: Impact of antiretroviral therapy suspension and tumor biology. Blood 101:4653-4659 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3589, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkslequrY%3D, 12609827
59. Lymphoma Study Group of Japanese Pathologists (2000) The World Health Organization classification of malignant lymphomas in Japan: Incidence of recently recognized entities. Pathol Int 50:696-702
60. Maartense E, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Noordijk EM (2003) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. A review with emphasis on elderly patients, geriatric assessment, and future perspectives. Ann Hematol 82:661-670 10.1007/s00277-003-0722-1, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3srmsVGgtA%3D%3D, 12923662
61. Mariette X (2001) Lymphomas complicating Sjogren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus infection may share a common pathogenesis: Chronic stimulation of rheumatoid factor B cells. Ann Rheum Dis 60:1007-1010 10.1136/ard.60.11.1007, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotlGiur8%3D, 11602464
62. McKean-Cowdin R, Feigelson HS, Ross RK, Pike MC, Henderson BE (2000) Declining cancer rates in the 1990s. J Clin Oncol 18:2258-2268 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ptFaisA%3D%3D, 10829046
63. McKenna DB, Stockton D, Brewster DH, Doherty VR (2003) Evidence for an association between cutaneous malignant melanoma and lymphoid malignancy: A population-based retrospective cohort study in Scotland. Br J Cancer 88:74-78 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600692, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s%2Fks12qtA%3D%3D, 12556962
64. Morton LM, Engels EA, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Zhang Y, Zahm SH, Boyle P, Zhang B, Flynn S, Tallini G, Owens PH, Zheng T (2004) Hepatitis C virus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A population-based case-control study among Connecticut women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:425-430 15006919
65. Nakhleh RE, Manivel JC, Copenhaver CM, Sung JH, Strickler JG (1991) In situ hybridization for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus in central nervous system lymphomas. Cancer 67:444-448 1:STN:280:By6D1M7nvVU%3D, 1845947
66. Nelson RA, Levine AM, Marks G, Bernstein L (1997) Alcohol, tobacco and recreational drug use and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Cancer 76:1532-1537 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2Fmt1WhtA%3D%3D, 9400954
67. Nelson RA, Levine AM, Bernstein L (2001) Reproductive factors and risk of intermediate- or high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in women. J Clin Oncol 19:1381-1387 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7osVGkuw%3D%3D, 11230482
68. Newton R, Roman E, Fear N, Carpenter L (1996) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and solar ultraviolet radiation. Data are inconsistent. BMJ 313:298 1:STN:280:BymA383mvFQ%3D
69. Newton R, Ferlay J, Beral V, Devesa SS (1997) The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Comparison of nodal and extra-nodal sites. Int J Cancer 72:923-930 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970917)72:6<923::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-R, 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FitFentw%3D%3D, 9378552
70. Olson JE, Janney CA, Rao RD, Cerhan JR, Kurtin PJ, Schiff D, Kaplan RS, O'Neill BP (2002) The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Cancer 95:1504-1510 10.1002/cncr.10851, 12237919
71. Palackdharry CS (1994) The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Why the increased incidence? Oncology 8:67-73
72. Parkin DM, Garcia-Giannoli H, Raphael M, Martin A, Katangole-Mbidde E, Wabinga H, Ziegler J (2000) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Uganda: A case-control study. AIDS 14:2929-2936
73. Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, Gelb AB, Warnke RA, Jellum E, Orentreich N, Vogelman JH, Friedman GD (1994) Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. N Engl J Med 330:1267-1271 10.1056/NEJM199405053301803, 1:STN:280:ByuC1MrjsVA%3D, 8145781
74. Pearce N, Bethwaite P (1992) Increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Occupational and environmental factors. Cancer Res 52:5496s-5500s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptFA%3D, 1394162
75. Persing DH, Prendergast FG (1999) Infection, immunity, and cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 123:1015-1022 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FgslKlsA%3D%3D, 10539899
76. Rabkin CS, Tess BH, Christianson RE, Wright WE, Waters DJ, Alter HJ, Van Den Berg BJ (2002) Prospective study of hepatitis C viral infection as a risk factor for subsequent B-cell neoplasia. Blood 99:4240-4242 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0226, 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktFyrt7s%3D, 12010836
77. Ramos-Casals M, Trejo O, Garcia-Carrasco M, Cervera R, De La Red G, Gil V, Lopez-Guillermo A, Ingelmo M, Font J (2004) Triple association between hepatitis C virus infection, systemic autoimmune diseases, and B cell lymphoma. J Rheumatol 31:495-499
78. Rossi G, Donisi A, Casari S, Re A, Cadeo G, Carosi G (1999) The international prognostic index can be used as a guide to treatment decisions regarding patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer 86:2391-2397
79. Sasieni P, Bataille V (1995) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and skin cancer. Ultraviolet light is unlikely explanation for association. BMJ 311:749 1:STN:280:BymD3cbpsVw%3D
80. Scherr PA, Hutchison GB, Neiman RS (1992) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupational exposure. Cancer Res 52:5503s-5509s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptFI%3D, 1394164
81. Schroeder JC, Olshan AF, Baric R, Dent GA, Weinberg CR, Yount B, Cerhan JR, Lynch CF, Schuman LM, Tolbert PE, Rothman N, Cantor KP, Blair A (2002) A case-control study of tobacco use and other non-occupational risk factors for t(14;18) subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2:159-168
82. Shih LY, Liang DC (1991) Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Asia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 5:983-1001 1:STN:280:By2D2c7ktVQ%3D, 1938764
83. Sorensen HT, Mellemkjaer L, Nielsen GL, Baron JA, Olsen JH, Karagas MR (2004) Skin cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma among users of systemic glucocorticoids: A population-based cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:709-711
84. Sukpanichnant S, Sonakul D, Piankijagum A, Wanachiwanawin W, Veerakul G, Mahasandana C, Tanphaichitr VS, Suvatte V (1998) Malignant lymphoma in Thailand: Changes in the frequency of malignant lymphoma determined from a histopathologic and immunophenotypic analysis of 425 cases at Siriraj Hospital. Cancer 83:1197-1204 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980915)83:6<1197::AID-CNCR20>3.3.CO;2-W, 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvhtVyjsA%3D%3D, 9740086
85. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Incidence-SEER 9 Regs. Public-Use, Nov 2002 Sub (1973-2000). National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2003
86. Ward MH, Zahm SH, Weisenburger DD, Gridley G, Cantor KP, Saal RC, Blair A (1994) Dietary factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Nebraska (United States). Cancer Causes Control 5:422-432 1:STN:280:ByqD1M3pvFU%3D, 7999964
87. Weisenburger DD (1994) Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Recent findings regarding an emerging epidemic. Ann Oncol 5:19-24
88. Westin EH, Longo DL (2004) Lymphoma and myeloma in older patients. Semin Oncol 31:198-205 15112150
89. Willemze R (2003) Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Epidemiology, etiology, and classification. Leuk Lymphoma 44:S49-S54 10.1080/10428190310001623766
90. Wingo PA, Cardinez CJ, Landis SH, Greenlee RT, Ries LA, Anderson RN, Thun MJ (2003) Long-term trends in cancer mortality in the United States, 1930-1998. Cancer 97:3133-3275 10.1002/cncr.11380, 12784323
91. Wolfe F, Michaud K (2004) Lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis: The effect of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in 18,572 patients. Arthritis Rheum 50:1740-1751
92. Wolk A, Gridley G, Svensson M, Nyren O, McLaughlin JK, Fraumeni JF, Adam HO (2001) A prospective study of obesity and cancer risk (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 12:13-21 10.1023/A:1008995217664, 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ksVyluw%3D%3D, 11227921
93. Wotherspoon AC (1998) Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. Br Med Bull 54:79-85 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3mslOqsA%3D%3D, 9604433
94. Zahm SH, Blair A (1992) Pesticides and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Res 52:5485s-5488s 1:STN:280:ByyD3cjptFU%3D, 1394159
95. Zahm SH, Weisenburger DD, Babbitt PA, Saal RC, Vaught JB, Blair A (1992) Use of hair coloring products and the risk of lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Public Health 82:990-997 1:STN:280:By2A3cznt1w%3D, 1609918
96. Zahm SH, Weisenburger DD, Holmes FF, Cantor KP, Blair A (1997) Tobacco and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Combined analysis of three case-control studies (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2:159-166
97. Zhang SM, Hunter DJ, Rosner BA, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC (2000) Intakes of fruits, vegetables, and related nutrients and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:477-485 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvgtFGhtQ%3D%3D, 10815692
98. Zhang Y, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Boyle P, Zahm SH, Flynn S, Tallini G, Owens PH, Zheng T (2004) Hair-coloring product use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A population-based case-control study in Connecticut. Am J Epidemiol 159:148-154
99. Zhao X, Sun NC, Witt MD, Keller M, Niihara Y (2004) Changing pattern of AIDS: A bone marrow study. Am J Clin Pathol 121:393-401 10.1309/K8FU-6KW1-25UT-JE7B, 15023044