메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 796-816

Gender gaps in sociopolitical attitudes: A social psychological analysis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MORALITY; POLICY; POLITICS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 10244279244     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.796     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (225)

References (111)
  • 1
    • 0141942629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study
    • Abele, A. E. (2003). The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 768-776.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 768-776
    • Abele, A.E.1
  • 3
    • 1642390480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The more things change the more they stay the same: Examining gender differences in political attitude expression. 1952-2000
    • Atkeson, L. R., & Rapoport, R. B. (2003). The more things change the more they stay the same: Examining gender differences in political attitude expression. 1952-2000. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 495-521.
    • (2003) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.67 , pp. 495-521
    • Atkeson, L.R.1    Rapoport, R.B.2
  • 5
    • 0034329768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity?
    • Bianchi, S. M. (2000). Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? Demography, 37, 401-414.
    • (2000) Demography , vol.37 , pp. 401-414
    • Bianchi, S.M.1
  • 6
    • 0034336435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of house-hold labor
    • Bianchi, S. M., Milkie, M. A., Sayer, L. C. & Robinson, J. P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in the gender division of house-hold labor. Social Forces, 79, 191-228.
    • (2000) Social Forces , vol.79 , pp. 191-228
    • Bianchi, S.M.1    Milkie, M.A.2    Sayer, L.C.3    Robinson, J.P.4
  • 7
    • 21744443038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 3-25.
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.1 , pp. 3-25
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Gardner, W.L.2    Berntson, G.G.3
  • 10
    • 0041022512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the gender gap in U.S. presidential elections, 1980-1992
    • Chaney, C. K., Alvarez, R. M. & Nagler, J. (1998). Explaining the gender gap in U.S. presidential elections, 1980-1992. Political Research Quarterly, 51, 311-339.
    • (1998) Political Research Quarterly , vol.51 , pp. 311-339
    • Chaney, C.K.1    Alvarez, R.M.2    Nagler, J.3
  • 12
    • 84935504811 scopus 로고
    • How people organize the political world: A schematic model
    • Conover, P. J., & Feldman, S. (1984). How people organize the political world: A schematic model. American Journal of Political Science, 28, 95-126.
    • (1984) American Journal of Political Science , vol.28 , pp. 95-126
    • Conover, P.J.1    Feldman, S.2
  • 13
    • 0002320159 scopus 로고
    • The nature of belief systems in mass publics
    • D. E. Apter (Ed.), New York: Free Press
    • Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. E. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and discontent (pp. 206-261). New York: Free Press.
    • (1964) Ideology and Discontent , pp. 206-261
    • Converse, P.E.1
  • 14
    • 0030191772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status, communality, and agency: Implications for stereotypes of gender and other groups
    • Conway, M., Pizzamiglio, M. T., & Mount, L. (1996). Status, communality, and agency: Implications for stereotypes of gender and other groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 25-38.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 25-38
    • Conway, M.1    Pizzamiglio, M.T.2    Mount, L.3
  • 16
    • 85047682946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings
    • Costa, P., Jr., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322-331.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 322-331
    • Costa Jr., P.1    Terracciano, A.2    McCrae, R.R.3
  • 19
    • 0034340213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future
    • Diekman, A. B., & Eagly, A. H. (2000). Stereotypes as dynamic constructs: Women and men of the past, present, and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1171-1188.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 1171-1188
    • Diekman, A.B.1    Eagly, A.H.2
  • 20
    • 0036264350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and bias in stereotypes about the social and political attitudes of women and men
    • Diekman, A. B., Eagly, A. H., & Kulesa, P. (2002). Accuracy and bias in stereotypes about the social and political attitudes of women and men. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 268-282.
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 268-282
    • Diekman, A.B.1    Eagly, A.H.2    Kulesa, P.3
  • 21
    • 0030489824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking personal values to gender
    • Dio, L. D., Saragovi, C., & Koestner, R. (1996). Linking personal values to gender. Sex Roles, 34, 621-636.
    • (1996) Sex Roles , vol.34 , pp. 621-636
    • Dio, L.D.1    Saragovi, C.2    Koestner, R.3
  • 24
    • 0000067602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude structure and function
    • D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1998). Attitude structure and function. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, 4th ed, pp. 269-322). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) The Handbook of Social Psychology Vol. 1, 4th Ed , vol.1 , pp. 269-322
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Chaiken, S.2
  • 25
    • 10244269773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The common-sense psychology of changing social groups
    • J. Jost, M. Banaji, & D. Prentice (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Eagly, A. H., & Diekman, A. B. (2004). The common-sense psychology of changing social groups. In J. Jost, M. Banaji, & D. Prentice (Eds.), The yin and yang of social psychology: Perspectivism at work (pp. 201-213). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2004) The Yin and Yang of Social Psychology: Perspectivism at Work , pp. 201-213
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Diekman, A.B.2
  • 27
    • 0001983842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal
    • T. Eckes & H. M. Taunter (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. M. Taunter (Eds.). The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123-174). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2000) The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender , pp. 123-174
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Wood, W.2    Diekman, A.B.3
  • 28
    • 0020463594 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in socio-political attitudes: A replication and extension
    • Ekehammar, B., & Sidanius, J. (1982). Sex differences in socio-political attitudes: A replication and extension. British Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 249-257.
    • (1982) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 249-257
    • Ekehammar, B.1    Sidanius, J.2
  • 29
    • 0028542937 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis
    • Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 429-456.
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 429-456
    • Feingold, A.1
  • 30
    • 84934561838 scopus 로고
    • Structure and consistency in public opinion: The role of core beliefs and values
    • Feldman, S. (1988). Structure and consistency in public opinion: The role of core beliefs and values. American Journal of Political Science, 32, 416-440.
    • (1988) American Journal of Political Science , vol.32 , pp. 416-440
    • Feldman, S.1
  • 31
    • 3843089698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Values, ideology, and the structure of political atti-tudes
    • D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, & R. Jarvis (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press
    • Feldman, S. (2003). Values, ideology, and the structure of political atti-tudes. In D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, & R. Jarvis (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political psychology (pp. 477-508). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2003) Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology , pp. 477-508
    • Feldman, S.1
  • 32
    • 0002522932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between gender and emotions in different cultures
    • A. H. Fischer (Ed.), Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
    • Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2000). The relation between gender and emotions in different cultures. In A. H. Fischer (Ed.), Gender and emotions: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 71-94). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000) Gender and Emotions: Social Psychological Perspectives , pp. 71-94
    • Fischer, A.H.1    Manstead, A.S.R.2
  • 33
    • 0031309882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in ethical perceptions of business practices: A social role theory perspective
    • Franke, G. R., Crown, D. F., & Spake, D. F. (1997). Gender differences in ethical perceptions of business practices: A social role theory perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 920-934.
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 920-934
    • Franke, G.R.1    Crown, D.F.2    Spake, D.F.3
  • 34
    • 0002290276 scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' sociopolitical attitudes: A study of sex and national differences
    • Furnham, A. (1985). Adolescents' sociopolitical attitudes: A study of sex and national differences. Political Psychology, 6, 621-636.
    • (1985) Political Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 621-636
    • Furnham, A.1
  • 35
    • 84862475783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gallup Poll. Retrieved September 9, 2004
    • Gallup Poll. (2004). January 2004 election benchmark. Retrieved September 9, 2004 from Gallup Brain: http://institution.gallup.com/searchResults.aspx?tab = search&stext=election%20issues&startDate=&endDate = &criteria=all
    • (2004) January 2004 Election Benchmark
  • 36
    • 2442508031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in relational and collective interdependence: Implications for self-views, social behavior, and subjective well-being
    • A. H. Eagly, A. Beall, & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Gardner, W. L., & Gabriel, S. (2004). Gender differences in relational and collective interdependence: Implications for self-views, social behavior, and subjective well-being. In A. H. Eagly, A. Beall, & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (2nd ed., pp. 169-216). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2004) The Psychology of Gender (2nd Ed.) , pp. 169-216
    • Gardner, W.L.1    Gabriel, S.2
  • 37
    • 84962947978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality
    • Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56, 109-118.
    • (2001) American Psychologist , vol.56 , pp. 109-118
    • Glick, P.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 38
    • 84926274612 scopus 로고
    • The gender gap: Sex, family income, and political opinions in the early 1980's
    • Goertzel, T. G. (1983). The gender gap: Sex, family income, and political opinions in the early 1980's. Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 11, 209-222.
    • (1983) Journal of Political and Military Sociology , vol.11 , pp. 209-222
    • Goertzel, T.G.1
  • 39
    • 10244269774 scopus 로고
    • What has happened to the feminist movement?
    • A. W. Gouldner (Ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers
    • Green, A. W., & Melnick, E. (1950). What has happened to the feminist movement? In A. W. Gouldner (Ed.), Studies in leadership: Leadership and democratic action (pp. 277-302). New York: Harper & Brothers.
    • (1950) Studies in Leadership: Leadership and Democratic Action , pp. 277-302
    • Green, A.W.1    Melnick, E.2
  • 41
    • 0000510873 scopus 로고
    • Women's gender consciousness
    • Gurin, P. (1985). Women's gender consciousness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49, 143-163.
    • (1985) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.49 , pp. 143-163
    • Gurin, P.1
  • 42
    • 85004805762 scopus 로고
    • Properties of gender identity and their implications for gender consciousness
    • Gurin, P., & Townsend, A. (1986). Properties of gender identity and their implications for gender consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 139-148.
    • (1986) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 139-148
    • Gurin, P.1    Townsend, A.2
  • 43
    • 0032388842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in predictors of gender role ideologies among women: A multivariate analysis
    • Harris, R. J., & Firestone, J. M. (1998). Changes in predictors of gender role ideologies among women: A multivariate analysis. Sex Roles, 38, 239-252.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.38 , pp. 239-252
    • Harris, R.J.1    Firestone, J.M.2
  • 44
    • 23044535021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender gaps in public opinion about lesbians and gay men
    • Herek, G. M. (2002). Gender gaps in public opinion about lesbians and gay men. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66, 40-66.
    • (2002) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.66 , pp. 40-66
    • Herek, G.M.1
  • 46
    • 10244236102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voting and registration in the election of November 2000: Population characteristics
    • Retrieved May 13, 2004
    • Jamieson, A., Shin, H. B., & Day, J. (2002). Voting and registration in the election of November 2000: Population characteristics. Current Population Reports, P20-542. Retrieved May 13, 2004 from http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/p20-542.pdf
    • (2002) Current Population Reports , vol.P20-542
    • Jamieson, A.1    Shin, H.B.2    Day, J.3
  • 47
    • 84980207942 scopus 로고
    • The gender gap in comparative perspective: Gender differences in abstract ideology and concrete issues in Western Europe
    • Jelen, T. G., Thomas, S., & Wilcox, C. (1994). The gender gap in comparative perspective: Gender differences in abstract ideology and concrete issues in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 25, 171-186.
    • (1994) European Journal of Political Research , vol.25 , pp. 171-186
    • Jelen, T.G.1    Thomas, S.2    Wilcox, C.3
  • 48
    • 0012576603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflicts of legitimation among self, group, and system: The integrative potential of system justification theory
    • J. J. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Jost, J. T., Burgess, D., & Mosso, C. O. (2001). Conflicts of legitimation among self, group, and system: The integrative potential of system justification theory. In J. J. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy: Emerging perspectives on ideology, justice, and intergroup relations (pp. 363-388). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2001) The Psychology of Legitimacy: Emerging Perspectives on Ideology, Justice, and Intergroup Relations , pp. 363-388
    • Jost, J.T.1    Burgess, D.2    Mosso, C.O.3
  • 50
    • 0037242167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social inequality and the reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system: Evidence of enhanced system justification among the disadvantaged
    • Jost, J. T., Pelham, B. W., Sheldon, O., & Sullivan, B. N. (2003). Social inequality and the reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system: Evidence of enhanced system justification among the disadvantaged. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 13-36.
    • (2003) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 13-36
    • Jost, J.T.1    Pelham, B.W.2    Sheldon, O.3    Sullivan, B.N.4
  • 51
    • 0034381339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans
    • Jost, J. T., & Thompson, E. P. (2000). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of self-esteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 209-232.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 209-232
    • Jost, J.T.1    Thompson, E.P.2
  • 52
    • 0040293529 scopus 로고
    • Political involvement and attitude structure in the general public
    • Judd, C. M., Krosnick, J. A., & Milburn, M. A. (1981). Political involvement and attitude structure in the general public. American Sociological Review, 46, 660-669.
    • (1981) American Sociological Review , vol.46 , pp. 660-669
    • Judd, C.M.1    Krosnick, J.A.2    Milburn, M.A.3
  • 53
    • 0033466621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing politics of American men: Understanding the sources of the gender gap
    • Kaufmann, K. M., & Petrocik, J. R. (1999). The changing politics of American men: Understanding the sources of the gender gap. American Journal of Political Science, 43, 864-887.
    • (1999) American Journal of Political Science , vol.43 , pp. 864-887
    • Kaufmann, K.M.1    Petrocik, J.R.2
  • 54
    • 0001160177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National context, parental socialization, and religious belief: Results from 15 nations
    • Kelley, J., & DeGraaf, N. D. (1997). National context, parental socialization, and religious belief: Results from 15 nations. American Sociological Review, 62, 639-659.
    • (1997) American Sociological Review , vol.62 , pp. 639-659
    • Kelley, J.1    DeGraaf, N.D.2
  • 55
    • 0001639661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data analysis in social psychology
    • D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Boston: McGraw-Hill.
    • Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 233-265). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th Ed.) , vol.1 , pp. 233-265
    • Kenny, D.A.1    Kashy, D.A.2    Bolger, N.3
  • 57
    • 0000762520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion and action in the realm of politics
    • D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Kinder, D. R. (1998). Opinion and action in the realm of politics. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, 4th ed., pp. 778-867). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1998) The Handbook of Social Psychology Vol. 2, 4th Ed. , vol.2 , pp. 778-867
    • Kinder, D.R.1
  • 59
    • 0030306476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis
    • Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1996). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 336-353.
    • (1996) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.22 , pp. 336-353
    • Kite, M.E.1    Whitley Jr., B.E.2
  • 62
    • 0029374544 scopus 로고
    • A multifactorial approach to the study of gender characteristics
    • Koestner, R., & Aube, J. (1995). A multifactorial approach to the study of gender characteristics. Journal of Personality, 63, 681-710.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality , vol.63 , pp. 681-710
    • Koestner, R.1    Aube, J.2
  • 64
    • 10244236101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex changes: A current perspective on the psychology of gender
    • A. H. Eagly, A. Beall, & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • LaFrance, M., Paluck, E. L., & Brescoll, V. (2004). Sex changes: A current perspective on the psychology of gender. In A. H. Eagly, A. Beall, & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (2nd ed., pp. 328-344). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2004) The Psychology of Gender (2nd Ed.) , pp. 328-344
    • LaFrance, M.1    Paluck, E.L.2    Brescoll, V.3
  • 65
    • 0031506539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A shared consequences model of the development of inter-attitudinal consistency: The influence of values, attitude-relevant thought, and expertise
    • Lavine, H., Thomsen, C. J., & Gonzales, M. H. (1997). A shared consequences model of the development of inter-attitudinal consistency: The influence of values, attitude-relevant thought, and expertise. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 735-749.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 735-749
    • Lavine, H.1    Thomsen, C.J.2    Gonzales, M.H.3
  • 67
    • 0035539480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social change and the persistence of sex typing, 1974-1997
    • Lueptow, L. B., Garovich-Szabo, L., & Lueptow, M. B. (2001). Social change and the persistence of sex typing, 1974-1997. Social Forces, 80, 1-36.
    • (2001) Social Forces , vol.80 , pp. 1-36
    • Lueptow, L.B.1    Garovich-Szabo, L.2    Lueptow, M.B.3
  • 68
    • 38249028478 scopus 로고
    • Political expertise and the structural mediators of candidate evaluations
    • Lusk, C. M., & Judd, C. M. (1988). Political expertise and the structural mediators of candidate evaluations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 105-126.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 105-126
    • Lusk, C.M.1    Judd, C.M.2
  • 70
    • 0032375601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gender gap in U.S. presidential elections: When? Why? Implications?
    • Manza, J., & Brooks, C. (1998). The gender gap in U.S. presidential elections: When? Why? Implications? American Journal of Sociology, 103, 1235-1266.
    • (1998) American Journal of Sociology , vol.103 , pp. 1235-1266
    • Manza, J.1    Brooks, C.2
  • 72
    • 0009860030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender bias and feminist consciousness among judges and attorneys: A standpoint theory analysis
    • Martin, P. Y., Reynolds, J. R., & Keith, S. (2002). Gender bias and feminist consciousness among judges and attorneys: A standpoint theory analysis. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 27, 665-701.
    • (2002) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , vol.27 , pp. 665-701
    • Martin, P.Y.1    Reynolds, J.R.2    Keith, S.3
  • 73
    • 38249035777 scopus 로고
    • Ideological self-schemata and schematically induced attitude consistency
    • Milburn, M. A. (1987). Ideological self-schemata and schematically induced attitude consistency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 383-398.
    • (1987) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 383-398
    • Milburn, M.A.1
  • 75
    • 0027630810 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in sexuality: A meta-analysis
    • Oliver, M. B., & Hyde, J. S. (1993). Gender differences in sexuality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 29-51.
    • (1993) Psychological Bulletin , vol.114 , pp. 29-51
    • Oliver, M.B.1    Hyde, J.S.2
  • 76
    • 84937382484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women, representation, and public policy in the 103rd Congress
    • Doctoral dissertation. University of Missouri, St. Louis
    • Panczer, L. M. (2002). Women, representation, and public policy in the 103rd Congress (Doctoral dissertation. University of Missouri, St. Louis). Dissertation Abstracts International, 62, 3553A.
    • (2002) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.62
    • Panczer, L.M.1
  • 79
    • 0010204382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gender gap: Differences in political attitudes and social dominance orientation
    • Pratto, F., Stallworth, L. M., & Sidanius, J. (1997). The gender gap: Differences in political attitudes and social dominance orientation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 49-68.
    • (1997) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 49-68
    • Pratto, F.1    Stallworth, L.M.2    Sidanius, J.3
  • 80
    • 0001797221 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in attitude expression: A generational expression
    • Rjpoport, R. B. (1982). Sex differences in attitude expression: A generational expression. Public Opinion Quarterly, 46, 86-96.
    • (1982) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 86-96
    • Rjpoport, R.B.1
  • 81
    • 0033470489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The determinants and consequences of workplace sex and race composition
    • Reskin, B. F., McBrier, D. B., & Kmec, J. A. (1999). The determinants and consequences of workplace sex and race composition. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 335-361.
    • (1999) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.25 , pp. 335-361
    • Reskin, B.F.1    McBrier, D.B.2    Kmec, J.A.3
  • 82
    • 10244264310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender as status: An expectation states theory approach
    • A. H. Eagly, A. Beall, & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Ridgeway, C. L., & Bourg, C. (2004) Gender as status: An expectation states theory approach. In A. H. Eagly, A. Beall, & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of gender (2nd ed., pp. 217-241). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2004) The Psychology of Gender (2nd Ed.) , pp. 217-241
    • Ridgeway, C.L.1    Bourg, C.2
  • 84
    • 10244277621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theorizing gender in political psychology research
    • D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, & R. Jarvis (Eds.), New York: Oxford University Press
    • Sapiro, V. (2003). Theorizing gender in political psychology research. In D. O. Sears, L. Huddy, & R. Jarvis (Eds.), Oxford handbook of political psychology (pp. 601-634). New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (2003) Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology , pp. 601-634
    • Sapiro, V.1
  • 85
    • 0035581567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender gap or gender gaps? New perspectives on support for government action and policies
    • Schlesinger, M., & Heldman, C. (2001). Gender gap or gender gaps? New perspectives on support for government action and policies. Journal of Politics, 63, 59-92.
    • (2001) Journal of Politics , vol.63 , pp. 59-92
    • Schlesinger, M.1    Heldman, C.2
  • 86
    • 0003198676 scopus 로고
    • On the origins of political disunity among women
    • L. A. Tilly & P. Gurin (Eds.), New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Sears, D. O., & Huddy, L. (1990). On the origins of political disunity among women. In L. A. Tilly & P. Gurin (Eds.), Women, politics, and change (pp. 249-277). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1990) Women, Politics, and Change , pp. 249-277
    • Sears, D.O.1    Huddy, L.2
  • 88
    • 84963040882 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in policy preferences: A summary of trends from the 1960s to the 1980s
    • Shapiro, R. Y., & Mahajan, H. (1986). Gender differences in policy preferences: A summary of trends from the 1960s to the 1980s. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 42-61.
    • (1986) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.50 , pp. 42-61
    • Shapiro, R.Y.1    Mahajan, H.2
  • 90
    • 0037954069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological determinants of public opinion
    • V. C. Ottati, R. S. Tindale, J. Edwards, F. B. Bryant, L. Heath, D. C. O'Connell, et al. (Eds.), New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum
    • Skitka, L. J., & Mullen, E. (2002). Psychological determinants of public opinion. In V. C. Ottati, R. S. Tindale, J. Edwards, F. B. Bryant, L. Heath, D. C. O'Connell, et al. (Eds.), The social psychology of politics (pp. 107-134). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
    • (2002) The Social Psychology of Politics , pp. 107-134
    • Skitka, L.J.1    Mullen, E.2
  • 91
    • 21344497849 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in self-evaluations of information about current affairs
    • Slevin, K. F., & Aday, D. P. (1993). Gender differences in self-evaluations of information about current affairs. Sex Roles, 29, 817-828.
    • (1993) Sex Roles , vol.29 , pp. 817-828
    • Slevin, K.F.1    Aday, D.P.2
  • 92
    • 0036025766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, gender, and authority in the workplace: Theory and research
    • Smith, R. A. (2002). Race, gender, and authority in the workplace: Theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 509-542.
    • (2002) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.28 , pp. 509-542
    • Smith, R.A.1
  • 93
    • 84935456086 scopus 로고
    • The polls: Gender and attitudes toward violence
    • Smith, T. W. (1984). The polls: Gender and attitudes toward violence. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48, 384-396.
    • (1984) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.48 , pp. 384-396
    • Smith, T.W.1
  • 94
    • 0031287404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Attitudes Toward Women Scale and attitude change in college students
    • Spence, J. T., & Hahn, E. D. (1997). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale and attitude change in college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 17-34.
    • (1997) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 17-34
    • Spence, J.T.1    Hahn, E.D.2
  • 95
    • 0040350152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the gender gap in voting: A cross-national analysis
    • Studlar, D. T., McAllister, I., & Hayes, B. C. (1998). Explaining the gender gap in voting: A cross-national analysis. Social Science Quarterly, 79, 779-798.
    • (1998) Social Science Quarterly , vol.79 , pp. 779-798
    • Studlar, D.T.1    McAllister, I.2    Hayes, B.C.3
  • 97
    • 0003493750 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
    • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1981) Human Groups and Social Categories
    • Tajfel, H.1
  • 98
    • 0038382615 scopus 로고
    • An integrative theory of intergroup conflict
    • W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole
    • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-48). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
    • (1979) The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations , pp. 33-48
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 99
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of intergroup behavior
    • S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Chicago: Nelson-Hall
    • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
    • (1986) Psychology of Intergroup Relations , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 100
    • 0003622219 scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • Thomas, S. (1994). How women legislate. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1994) How Women Legislate
    • Thomas, S.1
  • 101
    • 0000763457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The socially structured mind
    • C. McGarty & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell
    • Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1997). The socially structured mind. In C. McGarty & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The message of social psychology (pp. 355-373). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
    • (1997) The Message of Social Psychology , pp. 355-373
    • Turner, J.C.1    Oakes, P.J.2
  • 102
    • 0031287406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward women, 1970-1995: A meta-analysis
    • Twenge, J. M. (1997a). Attitudes toward women, 1970-1995: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 35-51.
    • (1997) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 35-51
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 103
    • 0031496377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis
    • Twenge, J. M. (1997b). Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 36, 305-325.
    • (1997) Sex Roles , vol.36 , pp. 305-325
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 104
    • 85047684001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1931-1993
    • Twenge, J. M. (2001). Changes in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1931-1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 133-145.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 133-145
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 105
    • 84862484194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved on August 24, 2003
    • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2003). News: July 17, 2003. Retrieved on August 24, 2003 from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/wkyeng.pdf
    • (2003) News: July 17, 2003
  • 106
    • 20444450633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved on April 8, 2003
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (2002). Statistical abstract of the United States: 2002. Retrieved on April 8, 2003 from http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/01statab/labor.pdf
    • (2002) Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002.
  • 107
    • 0000080337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The religiosity of women in the modern West
    • Walter, T., & Davie, G. (1998). The religiosity of women in the modern West. British Journal of Sociology, 49, 640-660.
    • (1998) British Journal of Sociology , vol.49 , pp. 640-660
    • Walter, T.1    Davie, G.2
  • 108
    • 0040887944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in cheating attitudes and classroom cheating behavior: A meta-analysis
    • Whitley, B. E., Jr., Nelson, A. B., & Jones, C. J. (1999). Gender differences in cheating attitudes and classroom cheating behavior: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 41, 657-680.
    • (1999) Sex Roles , vol.41 , pp. 657-680
    • Whitley Jr., B.E.1    Nelson, A.B.2    Jones, C.J.3
  • 110
    • 85047674204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: Implications for the origins of sex differences
    • Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2002). A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: Implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 699-727.
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 699-727
    • Wood, W.1    Eagly, A.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.