Update on acute coronary syndromes and implications for therapy

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

Volumn 12, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1971-1983

  Brogan, Gerard X ^a  

^a NORTH SHORE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

ACS; ASA; Bivalirudin; Clopidogrel; Factor Xa; Glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors; LMWHs; Pathophysiology; Therapy; Thrombin inhibitor; Unfractioned heparin

Indexed keywords

2 [4 [(1 ACETIMIDOYL 3 PYRROLIDINYL)OXY]PHENYL] 3 (7 AMIDINO 2 NAPHTHYL)PROPIONIC ACID; ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10A INHIBITOR; CLOPIDOGREL; DALTEPARIN; DEXTRO PHENYLALANYLPROLYLARGINYL CHLOROMETHYL KETONE; ENOXAPARIN; EPTIFIBATIDE; FIBRINOGEN; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FIBRONECTIN; FONDAPARINUX; GLYCOPROTEIN; HEPARIN; HIRULOG; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; MELAGATRAN; NITRATE; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; RECOMBINANT HIRUDIN; TENECTEPLASE; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; TICLOPIDINE; TIROFIBAN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VITRONECTIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADD ON THERAPY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; BLEEDING DISORDER; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK MANAGEMENT; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION; THROMBOCYTE ADHESION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; TREATMENT PLANNING; UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANIMALS; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CORONARY DISEASE; FACTOR XA; HUMANS; THROMBIN;

EID: 0348149134     PISSN: 13543784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/13543784.12.12.1971     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. MURRAY CJ, LOPEZ AD: Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease study. Lancet (1997) 349:1269-1276.
2. ARMSTRONG PW, FU Y, CHANG WC et al.: Acute coronary syndromes in the GUSTO-IIb trial: prognostic insights and impact of recurrent ischemia. The GUSTO-IIb Investigators. Circulation (1998) 98:1860-1868.
3. DAVIES MJ: A macro and micro view of coronary vascular insult in ischemic heart disease. Circulation (1990) 82(Suppl. II):II38-II46.
4. FARB A, BURKE AP, TANG AL et al.: Coronary plaque erosion without rupture into a lipid core. A frequent cause of coronary thrombosis in sudden coronary death. Circulation (1996) 93:1354-1363.
5. COLLER BS, SCUDDER LE, BEER J et al.: Monoclonal antibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa as antithrombotic agents. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1991) 614:193-213.
6. HYNES RO: Integrins: a family of cell surface receptors. Cell (1987) 48:549-554.
7. WAGNER CL, MASCELLI MA, NEBLOCK DS, WEISMAN HF, COLLER BS, JORDAN RE: Analysis of GPIIb/IIIa receptor number by quantification of 7E3 binding to human platelets. Blood (1996) 88:907-914.
8. LEFKOVITS J, PLOW E, TOPOL E: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors in cardiovascular medicine. N. Engl. J. Med. (1995) 332:1553-1559.
9. ALMONY GT, LEFKOVITS J, TOPOL EJ: Antiplatelet and anticoagulant use after myocardial infarction. Clin. Cardiol. (1996) 19:357-365.
10. LEWIS HD, DAVIES JW, ARCHIBALD DG et al.: Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N. Engl. J. Med. (1983) 309:396-403.
11. CAIRNS JA, GENT M, SINGER J et al.: Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. N. Engl. J. Med. (1985) 313:1369-1375.
12. THEROUX P, OUIMET H, McCANS J et al.: Aspirin, heparin, or both to treat acute unstable angina. N. Engl. J. Med. (1988) 319:1105-1111.
13. The Risc Group: Risk of myocardial infarction and death during treatment with low dose aspirin and intravenous heparin in men with unstable coronary artery disease. Lancet (1990) 336:827-830.
14. Antiplatelet Trialists Collaboration: Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. Br. Med. J. (2002) 324:71-86.
15. BRAUNWALD E, ANTMAN EM, BEASLEY JW et al.: ACC/AHA guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina). American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (2002).
16. THEROUX P, WATERS D, QIU S, McCANS J, DE GUISE P, JUNEAU M: Aspirin versus heparin to prevent myocardial infarction during the acute phase of unstable angina. Circulation (1993) 88:2045-2048.
17. ZED PJ, TISDALE JE, BORZAK S: Low-molecular-weight heparins in the management of acute coronary syndromes. Arch. Intern. Med. (1999) 159:1849-1857.
18. COHEN M, DEMERS C, GURFINKEL EP et al.: A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 337:447-452.
19. ANTMAN EM, McCABE CH, GURFINKEL EP et al.: Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction : results of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B trial. Circulation (1999) 100:1593-1601.
20. FERGUSON JJ, ANTMAN EA, BATES ER et al.: The use of enoxaparin and IIb/IIIa antagonists in acute coronary syndromes, including PCI: final results of the NICE 3 study [abstract]. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2001) 37(Suppl. A):365A (Abstract 1253-97).
21. COHEN M, THEROUX P, FREY MJ et al.: Anti-thrombotic combination using tirofiban and enoxaparin: the ACUTE II study. Circulation (2000) 102(Suppl.):II-826 (Abstract 3982).
22. GOODMAN SG: The INTegrilin and Enoxaparin Randomized Assessment of Acute Coronary Syndromes Treatment (INTERACT) trial. 51st Annual Meeting of the American College of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA, USA (2002).
23. MASCELLI MA, LANCE ET, DAMARAJU L, WAGNER CL, WEISMAN HE, JORDAN RE: Pharmacodynamic profile of short-term abciximab treatment demonstrates prolonged platelet inhibition with gradual recovery from GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade. Circulation (1998) 97:1680-1688.
24. TCHENG JE, ELLIS SG, GEORGE BS et al.: Pharmacodynamics of chimeric glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin antiplatelet antibody Fab 7E3 in high-risk coronary angioplasty. Circulation (1994) 90:1757-1764.
25. HARRINGTON RA, KLEIMAN NS, KOTTKE-MARCHANT K et al.: Immediate and reversible platelet inhibition after intravenous administration of a peptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor during percutaneous coronary intervention. Am. J. Cardiol. (1995) 76:1222-1227.
26. KEREIAKES DJ, KLEIMAN NS, AMBROSE J et al.: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose ranging study of tirofiban (MK-383) platelet IIb/IIIa blockade in high risk patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1996) 27:536-542.
27. 3 integrins. Circulation (1998) 98:1085-1091.
28. SIMON DI, XU H, ORTLEPP S, ROGERS C, RAO NK: 7E3 monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa cross-reacts with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 and blocks adhesion to fibrinogen and ICAM-1. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1997) 17:528-535.
29. FAULDS D, SORKIN EM: Abciximab (c7E3 Fab). A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in ischaemic heart disease. Drugs (1994) 48:583-598.
30. TCHENG JE, KEREIAKES DJ, LINCOFF AM et al.: Abciximab readministration: results of the ReoPro Readministration Registry. Circulation (2001) 104:870-875.
31. The Prism Study Investigators: A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina. N. Engl. J. Med. (1998) 338:1498-1505.
32. Prism-Plus Study Investigators: Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. (1998) 338:1488-1497.
33. The Pursuit Trial Investigators: Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N..Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:436-443.
34. The Impact-II Investigators: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of eptifibatide on complications of percutaneous coronary intervention: IMPACT-II. Lancet (1997) 349:1422-1428.
35. BEDNAR B, COOK JJ, HOLAHAN MA et al.: Fibrinogen receptor antagonist-induced thrombocytopenia in chimpanzee and rhesus monkey associated with preexisting drug-dependent antibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Blood (1999) 94:587-599.
36. The Capture Investigators: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of abciximab before and during coronary intervention in refractory unstable angina: the CAPTURE study. Lancet (1997) 349:1429-1435.
37. The GUSTO IV-ACS Investigators: Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab on outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without early coronary revascularisation: the GUSTO IV-ACS RANDOMISED TRIAL: Lancet (2001) 357:1915-1924.
38. KEREIAKES DJ, BRODERICK TM, ROTH EM et al.: Time course, magnitude, and consistency of platelet inhibition by abciyimab, tirofiban, or eptifibatide in patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am. J. Cardiol. (1999) 84:391-395.
39. COHEN M, FERGUSON III JJ, HARRINGTON RA: Trials of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: applicability to the practice of medicine in the United States. Clin. Cardiol. (1999) 22(Suppl. VI):VI2-VI12.
40. HARRINGTON RA, LINCOFF AM, BERDAN LG et al.: Maintenance of clinical benefit at six-months in patients treated with platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor eptifibatide versus placebo during an acute ischemic coronary event. Circulation (1998) 98(Suppl.):I-359 (Abstract).
41. FINTEL DJ, LEDLEY GS: Management of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Clin. Cardiol. (2000) 23(Suppl. V):V1-V12.
42. MCCLURE MW, BERKOWITZ SD, SPARAPANI R et al.: Clinical significance of thrombocytopenia during a non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. The Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy (PURSUIT) trial experience. Circulation (1999) 99:2892-2900.
43. CANNON CP, WEINTRAUB WS, DEMOPOULOS LA et al.: Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitor tirofiban. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 344:1879-1887.
44. QUINN MJ, FITZGERALD DJ: Ticlopidine and clopidogrel. Circulation (1999) 100:1667-1672.
45. The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators: Effects of dopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345:494-502.
46. MEHTA SR, YUSUF S, PETERS RJG et al.: Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet (2001) 358:527-533.
47. LINCOFF MA, BITTL JA et al.: Bivalirudin and Provisional Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE #2 Randomized Trial. JAMA (2003) 289:853-863.
48. SARICH TC, WOLZT M, ERIKSSON UG et al.: Effects of Ximelagatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, r-Hirudin and enoxaparin on thrombin generaton and platelet activation in healthy male subjects. JAM Coll. Cardiol. (2003) 41:557-564.
49. TURPIE AGG, ERIKSSON BI, LASSEN MR, BAUER KA: Fondaparinux, the first selective Factor Xa inhibitor. Curr. Opin. Hematol. (2003) 10:327-332.
50. SIMMOONS M: Oral presentation on the PENTUA clinical trial. 74th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, Anaheim, CA, USA (2001).
51. COUSSEMEN PK, BASSAND J-P, CONVENS C et al.: A synthetic Factor Xa inhibitor (ORG31540/sr90107a) as an adjunct fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infraction. The PENTALYSE study. Eur. Heart J. (2001) 22:1716-1724.
52. SHIMBO D, OSENDE J, CHEN J et al.: Antithrombotic effects of DX-9065a, a direct Factor Xa inhibitor. Thromb. Haemost. (2002) 88:733-738.