Critical junctures in the development of university high-tech spinout companies

Research Policy

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 147-175

  Vohora, Ajay ^a   Wright, Mike ^a   Lockett, Andy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Capabilities; Entrepreneurs; Resources; Technology transfer; Universities

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; FEEDBACK; FINANCE; PUBLIC POLICY; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;

ENTREPRENEURS; UNIVERSITIES;

INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH;

EID: 0347899455     PISSN: 00487333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00107-0     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aldrich, H.E., Zimmer, E., 1986. Entrepreneurship through social network. In: Sexton, D.L., Smilor, R.W. (Eds.), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship. Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, pp. 3-24.
2. Aldrich H.E., Fiol M. Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. The Academy of Management Review. 19(4):1994;645-670.
3. Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management. 17:1991;99-120.
4. Bhave M.P. A process model of entrepreneurial venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing. 9(3):1994;223-243.
5. Bird B.J. Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy Of Management Review. 13(3):1988;442-454.
6. Birley S., Norburn D. Small versus large companies: the entrepreneurial conundrum. Journal of Business Strategy. 6(1):1985;81-87.
7. Birley, S. Universities, academics, and spinout companies. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, in press.
8. Bray M.J., Lee J.N. University revenues from technology transfer: licensing fees vs. equity positions. Journal of Business Venturing. 15(5-6):2000;385-392.
9. Brown S.L., Eisenhardt K.M. The art of continuous change: linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly. 42(1):1997;1-34.
10. Brüderl J., Schüssler R. Organizational mortality: the liability of newness and adolescence. Administrative Science Quarterly. 35:1990;530-547.
11. Busenitz L., Barney J. Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of Business Venturing. 12(1):1997;9-30.
12. Churchill N., Lewis V. The five stages of small firm growth. Harvard Business Review. 6:1983;43-54.
13. Cohen W., Levinthal D. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly. 35:1990;128-152.
14. Cooper A. Fresh starts: Arnold Cooper on entrepreneurship and wealth creation. Academy of Management Executive. 15(1):2001;27-39.
15. Daniels, G., Hofer, C., 1993. Characteristics of successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurial faculty and their innovative research teams. In: Churchill, N., Birley, S., Bygrave, W., Doutriaux, J., Gatewood, E., Hoy, F., Wetzel, W. (Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. pp. 598-609.
16. Delmar F., Davidsson P. Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. 12:2000;1-23.
17. Deshpande J. Paradigms lost: on theory and method in research in marketing. Journal of Marketing. 47(4):1983;101-110.
18. Doz Y. The evolution of cooperation in strategic alliances: initial conditions or learning processes. Strategic Management Journal. 17:1996;55-83.
19. Erikson T. Entrepreneurial capital: the emerging venture's most important asset and competitive advantage. Journal of Business Venturing. 17:2002;275-290.
20. Eisenhardt K.M. Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review. 14:1989;488-511.
21. Eisenhardt K.M., Martin J.A. Dynamic capabilities: what are they? Strategic Management Journal. 21:2000;1105-1121.
22. Etzkowitz H. The norms of entrepreneurial science: cognitive effects of the new university-industry linkages. Research Policy. 27:1998;823-833.
23. Flamholtz, E., 1986. How to Make the Transition from an Entrepreneurial to a Professionally Managed Firm. Josey-Bass, San Fransisco, CA.
24. Franklin S., Wright M., Lockett A. Academic and surrogate entrepreneurs in university spinout companies. Journal of Technology Transfer Special Issue in Organizational Issues in University-Industry Technology Transfer. 26(1-2):2001;127-141.
25. Galunic D., Eisenhardt K. Architectural innovation and modular corporate forms. Academy of Management Journal. 44:2001;1229-1249.
26. Gersick C.J.G. Revolutionary change theories: a multi-level exploration of the punctuated equilibrium paradigm. Academy of Management Review. 16:1991;10-36.
27. Glaser, B., Strauss, A., 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies of Qualitative Research. Wiedenfeld and Nicholson, London.
28. Grant R.M. Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration. Organization Science. 7:1996;375-388.
29. Greiner, L., 1972. Evolution and revolution as organizations grow. Harvard Business Review, 50 (4), 37.
30. Kazanjian R.K. Relation of dominant problems to stages of growth in technology-based new ventures. Academy of Management Journal. 31(2):1988;257-279.
31. Kazanjian R.K., Drain R. An empirical test of a stage of growth progression model. Management Science. 35(12):1989;1489-1504.
32. Lockett A., Murray G., Wright M. Do UK venture capitalists still have a bias against investment in new technology firms? Research Policy. 31:2002;1009-1030.
33. Lockett A., Wright M., Franklin S. Technology transfer and universities' spinout strategies. Small Business Economics. 20:2003;185-2003.
34. Lockett A., Thompson S. Resource-based view and economics. Journal of Management. 27(6):2001;723-755.
35. McGrath R. Falling forward: real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academy of Management Review. 24(1):1999;13-30.
36. Miles, M., Huberman, A., 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis, second ed. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
37. Miller, D., Friesen, P.H., 1984. Organizations: A Quantum View. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
38. Nelson, R.R., Winter, S.G., 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
39. O'Connor G.C., Rice M.P. Opportunity recognition and breakthrough innovation in large established firms. California Management Review. 43(2):2001;95-116.
40. Penrose, E.T., 1959. The Theory of Growth of the Firm. Blackwell, Oxford.
41. Scott M., Bruce R. Five stages of growth in small firms. Long Range Planning. 20:1987;45-62.
42. Siegel, D., Waldman, D., Link, A. Improving the effectiveness of commercial knowledge transfers from universities to firms, Journal of High-technology Management Research, in press.
43. Siegel D., Waldman D., Link A. Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices: an exploratory study. Research Policy. 32(1):2003;13-27.
44. Shane S. Selling university technology: patterns from MIT. Management Science. 48(1):2002a;122-137.
45. Shane S. University technology transfer to entrepreneurial companies. Journal of Business Venturing. 17:2002;537-552.
46. Shane, S., 2003. Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spinoffs and Wealth Creation. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
47. Singh J., House R., Tucker D. Organization legitimacy and the liability of newness. Administrative Science Quarterly. 31(2):1986;171-193.
48. Smith K.G., Mitchell T.R., Summer C.E. Top-level management priorities in different stages of the organizational life-cycle. Academy of Management Journal. 28:1985;799-820.
49. Starr J., MacMillan I.C. Resource co-optation via social contracting: resource acquisition strategies for new ventures. Strategic Management Journal. 11:1990;79-92.
50. Stinchcombe, A.L., 1965. Social structures and organizations, In: March, J.G. (Ed.), Handbook of Organizations. Rand-McNally, Chicago, pp. 142-193.
51. Teece D.J., Pisano G., Shuen A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal. 18(7):1997;509-533.
52. Ucbasaran, D., Wright, M., Westhead, P., Busenitz, L., 2001. Entrepreneurial learning and opportunity recognition: habitual versus novice entrepreneurs. Working Paper, Nottingham University Business School, Nottingham.
53. Van de Ven A.H., Hudson R., Schroeder D. Designing new business startups: entrepreneurial, organizational, and ecological considerations. Journal of Management. 10(1):1984;87-107.
54. Venkataraman, S., 1997. The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research: an editor's perspective. In: Katz, J.A. (Ed.), Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, vol. 3. JAI Press, Greenwich, CA, pp. 119-138.
55. Wernerfelt B. A resource based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal. 5(2):1984;171-180.
56. West G., DeCastro J. The achilles heel of firm strategy: resource weaknesses and distinctive inadequacies. Journal of Management Studies. 38(3):2001;417-442.
57. Yin, R.K., 1994. Case Study Research. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
58. Zahra S.A., George G. Absorptive capacity: a review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review. 27:2002;185-203.