메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 106, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 301-310

Mechanisms of interaction of extremely low frequency electric fields and biological systems

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANCER RISK; CELL MEMBRANE; COMPUTER ANALYSIS; DOSIMETRY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTROSTIMULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; TIME; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TISSUE INTERACTION;

EID: 0347589500     PISSN: 01448420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006364     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0346532158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMF Database, Information Ventures, Inc, 42 S. 15th St, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19102-2299, USA
    • EMF Database, Information Ventures, Inc, 42 S. 15th St, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19102-2299, USA.
  • 2
    • 0003765726 scopus 로고
    • Biological effects of transmission line fields
    • (New York: Elsevier) ISBN 0 444 01018 1
    • Carstensen, E. L. Biological effects of transmission line fields (New York: Elsevier) ISBN 0 444 01018 1 (1987).
    • (1987)
    • Carstensen, E.L.1
  • 3
    • 0004089669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied bioelectricity
    • (New York: Springer-Verlag) ISBN 0 387 98407 0
    • Reilly, J. P. Applied bioelectricity. (New York: Springer-Verlag) ISBN 0 387 98407 0 (1998).
    • (1998)
    • Reilly, J.P.1
  • 4
    • 0033926031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static and low-frequency magnetic field effects: Health risks and therapies
    • Adair, R. K. Static and low-frequency magnetic field effects: health risks and therapies. Rep. Prog. Phys. 63(3), 415-454 (2000).
    • (2000) Rep. Prog. Phys. , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-454
    • Adair, R.K.1
  • 5
    • 0030999410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can low-level 50/60 Hz electric and magnetic fields cause biological effects?
    • Valberg, P. A., Kavet, R. and Rafferty, C. N. Can low-level 50/60 Hz electric and magnetic fields cause biological effects? Radiat. Res. 148(1), 2-21 (1997).
    • (1997) Radiat. Res. , vol.148 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-21
    • Valberg, P.A.1    Kavet, R.2    Rafferty, C.N.3
  • 6
    • 0347162480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International workshop on weak ELF electric field effects in the body. 24-25 March 2003
    • NRPB (UK)
    • NRPB (UK). International workshop on weak ELF electric field effects in the body. 24-25 March 2003. Radiat. Prot. Dosin. 106(2) (2003).
    • (2003) Radiat. Prot. Dosin. , vol.106 , Issue.2
  • 7
    • 0343375204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)
    • Ahlbom, A., Bergqvist, U., Bernhardt, J. H. et al. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 74, 494-522 (1998).
    • (1998) Health Phys. , vol.74 , pp. 494-522
    • Ahlbom, A.1    Bergqvist, U.2    Bernhardt, J.H.3
  • 8
    • 0347792568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0-3 kHz
    • IEEE Std C95.6-2002. (IEEE) (23 October)
    • IEEE Std C95.6-2002. IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0-3 kHz. (IEEE) (23 October 2002).
    • (2002)
  • 9
    • 0002251608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dielectric properties of tissues
    • Eds C. Polk and E. Postow. 2nd Edition. (Boca Raton: CRC Press) ISBN 0 8493 0641 8
    • Foster, K. R. and Schwan, H. P. Dielectric properties of tissues. In: Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields, Eds C. Polk and E. Postow. 2nd Edition. (Boca Raton: CRC Press) ISBN 0 8493 0641 8. pp. 25-102 (1996).
    • (1996) Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields , pp. 25-102
    • Foster, K.R.1    Schwan, H.P.2
  • 10
    • 0004208455 scopus 로고
    • Electromechanics of particles
    • (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press) ISBN 0 521 43196 4
    • Jones, T. B. Electromechanics of particles (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press) ISBN 0 521 43196 4 (1995).
    • (1995)
    • Jones, T.B.1
  • 11
    • 0031910772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced current densities from low-frequency magnetic fields in a 2 mm resolution, anatomically realistic model of the body
    • Dimbylow, P. J. Induced current densities from low-frequency magnetic fields in a 2 mm resolution, anatomically realistic model of the body. Phys. Med. Biol. 43(2), 221-230 (1998).
    • (1998) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-230
    • Dimbylow, P.J.1
  • 12
    • 0034882939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosimetry in models of child and adult for low-frequency electric field
    • Hirata, A., Caputa, K., Dawson, T. W. and Stuchly, M. A. Dosimetry in models of child and adult for low-frequency electric field. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 48(9), 1007-1012 (2001).
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 1007-1012
    • Hirata, A.1    Caputa, K.2    Dawson, T.W.3    Stuchly, M.A.4
  • 13
    • 0032190459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling assemblies of biological cells exposed to electric fields
    • Fear, E. C. and Stuchly, M. A. Modeling assemblies of biological cells exposed to electric fields. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 45(10), 1259-1271 (1998).
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.45 , Issue.10 , pp. 1259-1271
    • Fear, E.C.1    Stuchly, M.A.2
  • 14
    • 0036721122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak electric field interactions in the central nervous system
    • Saunders, R. D. and Jefferys, J. G. R. Weak electric field interactions in the central nervous system. Health Phys. 83(3), 366-375 (2002).
    • (2002) Health Phys. , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 366-375
    • Saunders, R.D.1    Jefferys, J.G.R.2
  • 15
    • 0003726708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz
    • IEEE Std C95.1-1999. (IEEE)
    • IEEE Std C95.1-1999. IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz (IEEE) (1999).
    • (1999)
  • 16
    • 0022559404 scopus 로고
    • Human body impedance and threshold currents for perception and pain for contact hazard analysis in the VLF-MF band
    • Chatterjee, I., Wu, D. and Gandhi, O. P. Human body impedance and threshold currents for perception and pain for contact hazard analysis in the VLF-MF band. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 33(5), 486-494 (1986).
    • (1986) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 486-494
    • Chatterjee, I.1    Wu, D.2    Gandhi, O.P.3
  • 20
    • 0036054282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical phosgenes: On the influence of conducting inhomogenecities and small scale structures of the orbota on the current density threshold of excitation
    • Lindenblatt, G. and Silny, J. Electrical phosgenes: on the influence of conducting inhomogenecities and small scale structures of the orbota on the current density threshold of excitation. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 40(3), 354-359 (2000).
    • (2000) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 354-359
    • Lindenblatt, G.1    Silny, J.2
  • 21
    • 0033103846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basic mechanism for the electrical stimulation of the nervous system
    • Rattay, F. The basic mechanism for the electrical stimulation of the nervous system. Neuroscience 89(2), 335-346 (1999).
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-346
    • Rattay, F.1
  • 23
    • 0031785042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical limits on the threshold for the response of long cells to weak extremely low frequency electric fields due to ionic and molecular flux rectification
    • Weaver, J. C., Vaughan, T. E., Adair, R. K. and Astumian, R. D. Theoretical limits on the threshold for the response of long cells to weak extremely low frequency electric fields due to ionic and molecular flux rectification. Biophys. J. 75(5), 2251-2254 (1998).
    • (1998) Biophys. J. , vol.75 , Issue.5 , pp. 2251-2254
    • Weaver, J.C.1    Vaughan, T.E.2    Adair, R.K.3    Astumian, R.D.4
  • 24
    • 0036886488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal noise limit on the sensitivity of cellular membranes to power frequency electric and magnetic fields
    • Kaune, W. T. Thermal noise limit on the sensitivity of cellular membranes to power frequency electric and magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 23(8), 622-628 (2002).
    • (2002) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 622-628
    • Kaune, W.T.1
  • 25
    • 0020362534 scopus 로고
    • Electric and magnetic field detection in elasmobranch fishes
    • Kalmijn, A. J. Electric and magnetic field detection in elasmobranch fishes. Science 218, 916-917 (1982).
    • (1982) Science , vol.218 , pp. 916-917
    • Kalmijn, A.J.1
  • 26
    • 0034730387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and processing of electromagnetic and near-field acoustic signals in elasmobranch fishes
    • (1401)
    • Kalmijn, A. D. Detection and processing of electromagnetic and near-field acoustic signals in elasmobranch fishes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 355(1401), 1135-1141 (2000).
    • (2000) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. , vol.355 , pp. 1135-1141
    • Kalmijn, A.D.1
  • 27
    • 0025020025 scopus 로고
    • The response of living cells to very weak electric-fields: The thermal noise limit
    • (4941)
    • Weaver, J. C. and Astumian, R. D. The response of living cells to very weak electric-fields: the thermal noise limit. Science 247(4941), 459-462 (1990).
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 459-462
    • Weaver, J.C.1    Astumian, R.D.2
  • 28
    • 0033843888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DC electric fields induce rapid directional migration in cultured human corneal epithelial cells
    • Farboud, B., Nuccitelli, R., Schwab, I. R. and Isseroff, R. R. DC electric fields induce rapid directional migration in cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Exp. Eye. Res. 70(5), 667-673 (2000).
    • (2000) Exp. Eye. Res. , vol.70 , Issue.5 , pp. 667-673
    • Farboud, B.1    Nuccitelli, R.2    Schwab, I.R.3    Isseroff, R.R.4
  • 29
    • 0004141962 scopus 로고
    • Colloid electro-optics
    • (London: Academic Press) ISBN 0 126 72965 4
    • Stoylov, S. P. Colloid electro-optics (London: Academic Press) ISBN 0 126 72965 4 (1991).
    • (1991)
    • Stoylov, S.P.1
  • 30
    • 0018346438 scopus 로고
    • Magnetite in freshwater magnetotactic bacteria
    • (4387)
    • Frankel, R. B., Blakemore, R. P. and Wolfe, R. S. Magnetite in freshwater magnetotactic bacteria. Science 203(4387), 1355-1356 (1979).
    • (1979) Science , vol.203 , pp. 1355-1356
    • Frankel, R.B.1    Blakemore, R.P.2    Wolfe, R.S.3
  • 31
    • 0036904716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The magnetic sense and its use in long-distance navigation by animals
    • Walker, M. M., Dennis, T. E. and Kirschvink, J. L. The magnetic sense and its use in long-distance navigation by animals. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12(6), 735-744 (2002).
    • (2002) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 735-744
    • Walker, M.M.1    Dennis, T.E.2    Kirschvink, J.L.3
  • 32
    • 0019981492 scopus 로고
    • Nonthermal cellular effects of electromagnetic fields: AC-field induced ponderomotoric forces
    • Schwan, H. P. Nonthermal cellular effects of electromagnetic fields: AC-field induced ponderomotoric forces. Br. J. Cancer 45(Suppl. V), 220-224 (1982).
    • (1982) Br. J. Cancer , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL. V , pp. 220-224
    • Schwan, H.P.1
  • 33
    • 0026622875 scopus 로고
    • Electrorotation and levitation of cells and colloidal particles
    • Foster, K. R., Sauer, F. A. and Schwan, H. P. Electrorotation and levitation of cells and colloidal particles. Biophys. J. 63, 180-190 (1992).
    • (1992) Biophys. J. , vol.63 , pp. 180-190
    • Foster, K.R.1    Sauer, F.A.2    Schwan, H.P.3
  • 34
    • 0034575127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biophysical injury mechanisms in electrical shock trauma
    • Lee, R. C., Zhang, D. and Hannig, J. Biophysical injury mechanisms in electrical shock trauma. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2, 477-509 (2000).
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. , vol.2 , pp. 477-509
    • Lee, R.C.1    Zhang, D.2    Hannig, J.3
  • 35
    • 0030627330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thermal model for human thresholds of microwave-evoked warmth sensations
    • Riu, P. J., Foster, K. R., Blick, D. W. and Adair, E. R. A thermal model for human thresholds of microwave-evoked warmth sensations. Bioelectromagnetics 18(8), 578-583 (1997).
    • (1997) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 578-583
    • Riu, P.J.1    Foster, K.R.2    Blick, D.W.3    Adair, E.R.4
  • 36
    • 0033000689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological effects due to weak electric and magnetic fields: The temperature variation threshold
    • Weaver, J. C., Vaughan, T. E. and Martin, G. T. Biological effects due to weak electric and magnetic fields: the temperature variation threshold. Biophys. J. 76(6), 3026-3030 (1999).
    • (1999) Biophys. J. , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 3026-3030
    • Weaver, J.C.1    Vaughan, T.E.2    Martin, G.T.3
  • 37
    • 0028454742 scopus 로고
    • Model for the rationalization of magnetic field effects in vivo: Application of the radical-pair mechanism to biological systems
    • Scaiano, J. C., Cozens, F. L. and McLean, J. Model for the rationalization of magnetic field effects in vivo: application of the radical-pair mechanism to biological systems. Photochem. Photobiol. 59(6), 585-589 (1994).
    • (1994) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.59 , Issue.6 , pp. 585-589
    • Scaiano, J.C.1    Cozens, F.L.2    McLean, J.3
  • 38
    • 0029870678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radical mechanism for the effects of environmental electromagnetic fields on biological systems
    • Brocklehurst, B. and McLauchlan, K. A. Free radical mechanism for the effects of environmental electromagnetic fields on biological systems. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 69(1), 3-24 (1996).
    • (1996) Int. J. Radiat. Biol. , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-24
    • Brocklehurst, B.1    McLauchlan, K.A.2
  • 40
    • 33751232829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular gyroscopes and biological effects of weak extremely low-frequency magnetic fields
    • Art. no. 051912, Pt 1
    • Binhi, V. N. and Savin, A. V. Molecular gyroscopes and biological effects of weak extremely low-frequency magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. E. Stat. Nonlin. Soft. Matter Phys. 65(5 Pt 1), art. no. 051912, Pt 1 (2002).
    • (2002) Phys. Rev. E. Stat. Nonlin. Soft. Matter Phys. , vol.65 , Issue.5 PART 1
    • Binhi, V.N.1    Savin, A.V.2
  • 41
    • 0023719468 scopus 로고
    • On the cyclotron-resonance mechanism for magnetic-field effects on transmembrane ion conductivity
    • Halle, B. On the cyclotron-resonance mechanism for magnetic-field effects on transmembrane ion conductivity. Bioelectromagnetics 9(4), 381-385 (1988).
    • (1988) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-385
    • Halle, B.1
  • 42
    • 0024987834 scopus 로고
    • On the cyclotron resonance model of ion transport
    • Sandweiss, J. On the cyclotron resonance model of ion transport. Bioelectromagnetics 11(2), 203-205 (1990).
    • (1990) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-205
    • Sandweiss, J.1
  • 43
    • 0025934249 scopus 로고
    • Failure to reproduce increased calcium uptake in human lymphocytes at purported cyclotron resonance exposure conditions
    • Prasad, A. V., Miller, M. W., Carstensen, E. L., Cox, C., Azadniv, M. and Brayman, A. A. Failure to reproduce increased calcium uptake in human lymphocytes at purported cyclotron resonance exposure conditions. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 30(4), 305-320 (1991).
    • (1991) Radiat. Environ. Biophys. , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-320
    • Prasad, A.V.1    Miller, M.W.2    Carstensen, E.L.3    Cox, C.4    Azadniv, M.5    Brayman, A.A.6
  • 45
    • 0033027262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ornithine decarboxylase activity in L929 cells following exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields
    • Cress, L. W., Owen, R. D. and Desta, A. B. Ornithine decarboxylase activity in L929 cells following exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Carcinogenesis 20(6), 1025-1030 (1999).
    • (1999) Carcinogenesis , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 1025-1030
    • Cress, L.W.1    Owen, R.D.2    Desta, A.B.3
  • 46
    • 35949014543 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on biological effects of weak extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields
    • Adair, R. K. Constraints on biological effects of weak extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Phys. Rev. A. 43(2), 1039-1048 (1991).
    • (1991) Phys. Rev. A. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 1039-1048
    • Adair, R.K.1
  • 47
    • 0029909341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dielectric properties of biological tissues. 2. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz
    • Gabriel, S., Lau, R. W. and Gabriel, C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues. 2. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys. Med. Biol. 41(11), 2251-2269 (1996).
    • (1996) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 2251-2269
    • Gabriel, S.1    Lau, R.W.2    Gabriel, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.