A Thermal Model for Human Thresholds of Microwave-Evoked Warmth Sensations

Bioelectromagnetics

Volumn 18, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 578-583

  Riu, Pere J ^a   Foster, Kenneth R ^b   Blick, Dennis W ^c   Adair, Eleanor R ^d  

^a UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c Systems Research Laboratories   (United States)

^d Armstrong Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

Bioheat equation; Microwaves; Skin sensation; Warmth threshold

Indexed keywords

SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOGRAPHY (TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT);

BIO-HEAT EQUATIONS; INCIDENT POWER; ONE-DIMENSIONAL; POWER LEVELS; SKIN SENSATIONS; SKIN SURFACES; TEMPERATURE INCREASE; THERMAL CONDUCTION; THERMAL MODEL; WARMTH THRESHOLD;

THERMOANALYSIS;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; HUMAN; MALE; MICROWAVE RADIATION; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN; TEMPERATURE; THERMOREGULATION;

ADULT; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; HUMANS; MALE; MICROWAVES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SENSORY THRESHOLDS; SKIN; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 0030627330     PISSN: 01978462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:8<578::AID-BEM6>3.0.CO;2-%23     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Baish JW, Foster KR, Ayyaswamy PS (1986): Perfused phantom models of microwave irradiated tissue. ASME Trans Biomech Eng 108:239-245.
2. Blick DW, Adair ER, Hurt WD, Sherry CJ, Walters TJ, Merritt JH (1997): Thresholds of microwave-evoked warmth sensations in human skin. Bioelectromagnetics 18:403-409.
3. Eijkman E, Vendrik AJH (1961): Dynamic behavior of the warmth sense organ. J Exp Psychol 62:403-408.
4. Foster KR, Kritikos HN, Schwan HP (1978): Effect of surface cooling and blood flow on the microwave heating of tissue. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 25:313-316.
5. Foster KR, Schwan HP (1989): Dielectric properties of tissues and biological materials: A critical review. CRC Crit Rev Biomed Eng 17:25-104.
6. Gao B, Langer S, Corry M (1995): Application of the time-dependent Green's function and Fourier transforms to the solution of the bioheat equation. Int J Hyperthermia 11:267-285.
7. Hardy JD, Oppel TW (1937): Studies in temperature sensation. III. The sensitivity of the body to heat and the spatial summation of the end organ responses. J Clin Invest 16:533-540.
8. Hardy JD, Oppel TW (1938): Studies in temperature sensation. IV. The stimulation of cold sensation by radiation. J Clin Invest 17:771-778.
9. Hardy JD, Bard P (1974): Body temperature regulation. In Mountcastle VB (ed): "Medical Physiology, 131st ed." V. St. Louis, MO: CV Mosby Co., pp 1305-1342.
10. Hendler E (1968): Cutaneous receptor response to microwave irradiation. In Hardy JD (ed): "Thermal Problems in Aerospace Medicine." Surrey: Unwin Ltd., pp 149-161.
11. Hendler E, Hardy JD (1960): Infrared and microwave effects on skin heating and temperature sensation. IRE Trans Med Electron ME-7:143-152.
12. Hendler E, Crosbie R, Hardy JD (1958): Measurement of heating of the skin during exposure to infrared radiation. J Appl Physiol 12:177-185.
13. Hendler E, Hardy JD, Murgatroyd D (1963): Skin heating and temperature sensation produced by infrared and microwave irradiation. In Herzfeld CM (ed): "Temperature: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry." New York: Reinhold, pp 211.
14. Lin JC, Gandhi OP (1996): Computational methods for predicting field intensity. In Polk C, Postow E (eds): "Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields." Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., pp 337-402.
15. Polk C (1996): Introduction to the Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc.
16. Stevens JC (1983): Thermal sensation: Infrared and microwaves. In Adair ER (ed): "Microwaves and Thermoregulation." New York: Academic Press, pp 191-201.
17. Stevens JC, Okulicz WC, Marks LE (1973): Temporal summation at the warmth threshold. Percept Psychophys 14:307-312.
18. Vendrik AJH, Vos JJ (1958): Comparison of the stimulation of the warmth sense organ by microwave and infrared. J Appl Physiol 13:435-444.