메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 130, Issue 24, 2003, Pages 5869-5884

Mechanisms of germ cell specification across the metazoans: Epigenesis and preformation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELL SPECIFICITY; EVOLUTION; GAMETOGENESIS; GERM CELL; HEREDITY; METAZOON; NONHUMAN; PHYLUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0347519176     PISSN: 09501991     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/dev.00804     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (625)

References (142)
  • 2
    • 0009330334 scopus 로고
    • Über die Differenzierung der Keimbahnzellen bei den Copepoden
    • Amma, K. (1911). Über die Differenzierung der Keimbahnzellen bei den Copepoden. Arch. Zellforsch. 6, 497-576.
    • (1911) Arch. Zellforsch. , vol.6 , pp. 497-576
    • Amma, K.1
  • 4
    • 0002375179 scopus 로고
    • The later stages in the development of Balanoglossus kowalevskii, with a suggestion as to the affinities of the Enteropneusta
    • Bateson, W. (1885). The later stages in the development of Balanoglossus kowalevskii, with a suggestion as to the affinities of the Enteropneusta. Quart. J. Microscop. Sci. 25, 81-122.
    • (1885) Quart. J. Microscop. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 81-122
    • Bateson, W.1
  • 5
    • 0007755891 scopus 로고
    • The morphological continuity of the germ cells in Raja batis
    • Beard, J. (1900). The morphological continuity of the germ cells in Raja batis. Anat. Anz. 18, 465-485.
    • (1900) Anat. Anz. , vol.18 , pp. 465-485
    • Beard, J.1
  • 6
    • 0346600295 scopus 로고
    • The germ cells of Pristiurus
    • Beard, J. (1902a). The germ cells of Pristiurus. Anat. Anz. 21, 50-61.
    • (1902) Anat. Anz. , vol.21 , pp. 50-61
    • Beard, J.1
  • 8
    • 0347230015 scopus 로고
    • The developmental cycle of the germ cells in several representatives of Trematoda (Digenera)
    • Bednarz, S. (1973). The developmental cycle of the germ cells in several representatives of Trematoda (Digenera). Zool. Pol. 23, 279-326.
    • (1973) Zool. Pol. , vol.23 , pp. 279-326
    • Bednarz, S.1
  • 9
    • 0346600294 scopus 로고
    • Fine structure of the blastoderm embryo of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
    • Berg, G. J. and Gassner, G. (1978). Fine structure of the blastoderm embryo of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: gelechiidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 1, 81-105.
    • (1978) Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. , vol.1 , pp. 81-105
    • Berg, G.J.1    Gassner, G.2
  • 10
    • 0030161750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental genetics and traditional homology
    • Bolker, J. A. and Raff, R. A. (1996). Developmental genetics and traditional homology. BioEssays 18, 489-494.
    • (1996) BioEssays , vol.18 , pp. 489-494
    • Bolker, J.A.1    Raff, R.A.2
  • 11
    • 0015759239 scopus 로고
    • The formation of the mesoderm in the urodelan amphibians. V. Its regional induction by the endoderm
    • Boterenbrood, E. C. and Nieuwkoop, P. D. (1973). The formation of the mesoderm in the urodelan amphibians. V. Its regional induction by the endoderm. Wilhelm Roux'Archiv. Entwick. Org. 173, 319-332.
    • (1973) Wilhelm Roux'Archiv. Entwick. Org. , vol.173 , pp. 319-332
    • Boterenbrood, E.C.1    Nieuwkoop, P.D.2
  • 12
    • 0006887294 scopus 로고
    • L'origine des Cellules Reproductrices et le Problème de la Lignée Germinale
    • Paris: Gauthier-Villars
    • Bounoure, L. (1939). L'origine des Cellules Reproductrices et le Problème de la Lignée Germinale. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
    • (1939)
    • Bounoure, L.1
  • 14
    • 0034983843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balbiani bodies in cricket oocytes: Development, ultrastructure, and presence of localized RNAs
    • Bradley, J. T., Kloc, M., Wolfe, K. G., Estridge, B. H. and Bilinski, S. M. (2001). Balbiani bodies in cricket oocytes: development, ultrastructure, and presence of localized RNAs. Differentiation 67, 117-127.
    • (2001) Differentiation , vol.67 , pp. 117-127
    • Bradley, J.T.1    Kloc, M.2    Wolfe, K.G.3    Estridge, B.H.4    Bilinski, S.M.5
  • 16
    • 0014776023 scopus 로고
    • Sterility and partial sterility in the South African clawed toad following the pricking of the egg
    • Buehr, M. and Blackler, A. W. (1970). Sterility and partial sterility in the South African clawed toad following the pricking of the egg. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 23, 375-384.
    • (1970) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.23 , pp. 375-384
    • Buehr, M.1    Blackler, A.W.2
  • 17
    • 0001492422 scopus 로고
    • The Embryology of Monotremata and Marsupialia
    • Caldwell, W. H. (1887). The Embryology of Monotremata and Marsupialia. Part I. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 178, 463-486.
    • (1887) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. , vol.178 , Issue.PART I , pp. 463-486
    • Caldwell, W.H.1
  • 18
    • 0036336907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of a large Vasa-positive granule and its inheritance by germ cells in the enigmatic Chaetognaths
    • Carré, D., Djediat, C. and Sardet, C. (2002). Formation of a large Vasa-positive granule and its inheritance by germ cells in the enigmatic Chaetognaths. Development 129, 661-670.
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 661-670
    • Carré, D.1    Djediat, C.2    Sardet, C.3
  • 19
    • 0001744003 scopus 로고
    • The identification, origin, and migration of the primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo
    • Chiquoine, A. D. (1954). The identification, origin, and migration of the primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. Anat. Rec. 2, 135-146.
    • (1954) Anat. Rec. , vol.2 , pp. 135-146
    • Chiquoine, A.D.1
  • 20
    • 0026717301 scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic protein 4: A ventralizing factor in early Xenopus development
    • Dale, L., Howes, G., Price, B. M. and Smith, J. C. (1992). Bone morphogenetic protein 4: a ventralizing factor in early Xenopus development. Development 115, 573-585.
    • (1992) Development , vol.115 , pp. 573-585
    • Dale, L.1    Howes, G.2    Price, B.M.3    Smith, J.C.4
  • 23
    • 0028718860 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary aspects of primordial germ cell formation
    • Dixon, K. E. (1994). Evolutionary aspects of primordial germ cell formation. CIBA Found. Symp. 182, 92-120.
    • (1994) CIBA Found. Symp. , vol.182 , pp. 92-120
    • Dixon, K.E.1
  • 24
    • 0016703666 scopus 로고
    • The ultrastructure of the polar lobe of Crepidula fornicata
    • Dohmen, M. R. and Lok, D. (1975). The ultrastructure of the polar lobe of Crepidula fornicata. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 34, 419-428.
    • (1975) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.34 , pp. 419-428
    • Dohmen, M.R.1    Lok, D.2
  • 25
    • 0016156378 scopus 로고
    • The structure of a morphogenetic cytoplasm, present in the polar lobe of Bithynia tentaculata (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)
    • Dohmen, M. R. and Verdonk, N. H. (1974). The structure of a morphogenetic cytoplasm, present in the polar lobe of Bithynia tentaculata (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 31, 423-433.
    • (1974) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.31 , pp. 423-433
    • Dohmen, M.R.1    Verdonk, N.H.2
  • 26
    • 0016589552 scopus 로고
    • Germ plasm and the differentiation of the germ cell line
    • Eddy, E. M. (1975). Germ plasm and the differentiation of the germ cell line. Int. Rev. Cytol. 43, 229-280.
    • (1975) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.43 , pp. 229-280
    • Eddy, E.M.1
  • 27
    • 0000875487 scopus 로고
    • Die Urgeschlechtszellenbildung bei Sagitta
    • Elpatievsky, W. (1909). Die Urgeschlechtszellenbildung bei Sagitta. Anat. Anz. 35, 226-239.
    • (1909) Anat. Anz. , vol.35 , pp. 226-239
    • Elpatievsky, W.1
  • 28
    • 0026659735 scopus 로고
    • Induction of germ cell formation by oskar
    • Ephrussi, A. and Lehmann, R. (1992). Induction of germ cell formation by oskar. Nature 358, 387-392.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 387-392
    • Ephrussi, A.1    Lehmann, R.2
  • 29
    • 0347860328 scopus 로고
    • The present status of the germ-cell problem in vertebrates
    • Everett, N. B. (1945). The present status of the germ-cell problem in vertebrates. Biol. Rev. 20, 45-55.
    • (1945) Biol. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 45-55
    • Everett, N.B.1
  • 30
    • 0035949682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germ cell selection in genetic mosaics in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Extavour, C. and García-Bellido, A. (2001). Germ cell selection in genetic mosaics in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11341-11346.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 11341-11346
    • Extavour, C.1    García-Bellido, A.2
  • 32
    • 0342545847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of an ascidian DEAD-box gene, Ci-DEAD1: Specific expression in the germ cells and its mRNA localization in the posterior-most blastomeres in early embryos
    • Fujimura, M. and Takamura, K. (2000). Characterization of an ascidian DEAD-box gene, Ci-DEAD1: specific expression in the germ cells and its mRNA localization in the posterior-most blastomeres in early embryos. Dev. Genes Evol. 210, 64-72.
    • (2000) Dev. Genes Evol. , vol.210 , pp. 64-72
    • Fujimura, M.1    Takamura, K.2
  • 33
    • 0028007087 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of a DEAD-family protein gene that encodes a routine homolog of Drosophila vasa and its specific expression in germ cell lineage
    • Fujiwara, Y., Komiya, T., Kawabata, H., Sato, M., Fujimoto, H., Furusawa, M. and Noce, T. (1994). Isolation of a DEAD-family protein gene that encodes a routine homolog of Drosophila vasa and its specific expression in germ cell lineage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 12258-12262.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 12258-12262
    • Fujiwara, Y.1    Komiya, T.2    Kawabata, H.3    Sato, M.4    Fujimoto, H.5    Furusawa, M.6    Noce, T.7
  • 34
    • 0011603922 scopus 로고
    • The segregation of the germ-cells in Trichogramma evanescens
    • Gatenby, J. B. (1917). The segregation of the germ-cells in Trichogramma evanescens. Quart. J. Microscop. Sci. 62, 149-187.
    • (1917) Quart. J. Microscop. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 149-187
    • Gatenby, J.B.1
  • 35
    • 0009266574 scopus 로고
    • Studi sul determinante germinale (d.g.) nei Chetognati: Richerche sperimentali su Spadella cephaloptera Busch
    • Ghirardelli, E. (1954). Studi sul determinante germinale (d.g.) nei Chetognati: Richerche sperimentali su Spadella cephaloptera Busch. Pubbls. Staz. zool. Napoli 25, 444-453.
    • (1954) Pubbls. Staz. Zool. Napoli , vol.25 , pp. 444-453
    • Ghirardelli, E.1
  • 36
    • 0345968907 scopus 로고
    • Studi sul determinante germinale (d.g.) nei Chetognati: Effetti della centrifugazione delle uova e azione del LiC1 ed NaSCN
    • Ghirardelli, E. (1955). Studi sul determinante germinale (d.g.) nei Chetognati: Effetti della centrifugazione delle uova e azione del LiC1 ed NaSCN. Atti Acad. naz. Lincei Rc. 19, 498-502.
    • (1955) Atti Acad. Naz. Lincei Rc. , vol.19 , pp. 498-502
    • Ghirardelli, E.1
  • 37
    • 0025147087 scopus 로고
    • Primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo during gastrulation
    • Ginsburg, M., Snow, M. H. L. and McLaren, A. (1990). Primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo during gastrulation. Development 110, 521-528.
    • (1990) Development , vol.110 , pp. 521-528
    • Ginsburg, M.1    Snow, M.H.L.2    McLaren, A.3
  • 38
    • 0028088915 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between primordial germ cells play a role in their migration in mouse embryos
    • Gomperts, M., García-Castro, M., Wylie, C. and Heasman, J. (1994). Interactions between primordial germ cells play a role in their migration in mouse embryos. Development 120, 135-141.
    • (1994) Development , vol.120 , pp. 135-141
    • Gomperts, M.1    García-Castro, M.2    Wylie, C.3    Heasman, J.4
  • 39
    • 0017094969 scopus 로고
    • Studies on cytodifferentiation in neck region of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitzch, 1824
    • Gustafsson, M. K. S. (1976). Studies on cytodifferentiation in neck region of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitzch, 1824. Z. Parasitenk 50, 323-329.
    • (1976) Z. Parasitenk , vol.50 , pp. 323-329
    • Gustafsson, M.K.S.1
  • 40
    • 0021130162 scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial cloud of Xenopus oocytes: The source of germinal granule material
    • Heasman, J., Quarmby, J. and Wylie, C. C. (1984). The mitochondrial cloud of Xenopus oocytes: the source of germinal granule material. Dev. Biol. 105, 458-469.
    • (1984) Dev. Biol. , vol.105 , pp. 458-469
    • Heasman, J.1    Quarmby, J.2    Wylie, C.C.3
  • 41
    • 0347860323 scopus 로고
    • Die Entwicklung der Weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane von Phyllodromia (Blatta) germanica
    • Heymons, R. (1891). Die Entwicklung der Weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane von Phyllodromia (Blatta) germanica. Z. Wiss. Zool. 53.
    • (1891) Z. Wiss. Zool. , vol.53
    • Heymons, R.1
  • 42
    • 0003034303 scopus 로고
    • Entwicklungsgeschichte der Scolopender
    • Heymons, R. (1901). Entwicklungsgeschichte der Scolopender. Zoologica 33, 1-244.
    • (1901) Zoologica , vol.33 , pp. 1-244
    • Heymons, R.1
  • 43
    • 0347230014 scopus 로고
    • The problem of the origin of germ cells
    • Heys, F. (1931). The problem of the origin of germ cells. Q. Rev. Biol. 6, 1-45.
    • (1931) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 1-45
    • Heys, F.1
  • 44
    • 0029880495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation of germ granules in living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos: Cell-type-specific mechanisms for cytoplasmic localisation
    • Hird, S. N., Paulsen, J. E. and Strome, S. (1996). Segregation of germ granules in living Caenorhabditis elegans embryos: cell-type-specific mechanisms for cytoplasmic localisation. Development 122, 1303-1312.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 1303-1312
    • Hird, S.N.1    Paulsen, J.E.2    Strome, S.3
  • 45
    • 0029737070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic proteins: Multifunctional regulators of vertebrate development
    • Hogan, B. L. (1996). Bone morphogenetic proteins: multifunctional regulators of vertebrate development. Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 1580-1594
    • Hogan, B.L.1
  • 46
    • 0002513509 scopus 로고
    • Early development in the lancelet (=Amphioxus) Branchiostoma floridae from sperm entry through pronuclear fusion: Presence of vegetal pole plasm and lack of conspicuous ooplasmic segregation
    • Holland, L. Z. and Holland, N. D. (1992). Early development in the lancelet (=Amphioxus) Branchiostoma floridae from sperm entry through pronuclear fusion: presence of vegetal pole plasm and lack of conspicuous ooplasmic segregation. Biol. Bull. 182, 77-96.
    • (1992) Biol. Bull. , vol.182 , pp. 77-96
    • Holland, L.Z.1    Holland, N.D.2
  • 47
    • 0033981002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for Xdazl, a germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus
    • Houston, D. W. and King, M. L. (2000a). A critical role for Xdazl, a germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus. Development 127, 447-456.
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 447-456
    • Houston, D.W.1    King, M.L.2
  • 48
    • 0033649391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germ plasm and molecular determinants of germ cell fate
    • Houston, D. W. and King, M. L. (2000b). Germ plasm and molecular determinants of germ cell fate. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 50, 155-181.
    • (2000) Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. , vol.50 , pp. 155-181
    • Houston, D.W.1    King, M.L.2
  • 49
    • 79957445800 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the germ cells in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Huettner, A. F. (1923). The origin of the germ cells in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Morphol. 2, 385-422.
    • (1923) J. Morphol. , vol.2 , pp. 385-422
    • Huettner, A.F.1
  • 51
    • 0004782316 scopus 로고
    • The primordial germ cells of Hemidactylium and other Amphibia
    • Humphrey, R. R. (1925). The primordial germ cells of Hemidactylium and other Amphibia. J. Morphol. Physiol. 41, 1-43.
    • (1925) J. Morphol. Physiol. , vol.41 , pp. 1-43
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 52
    • 0001603123 scopus 로고
    • The early position of the primordial germ cells in Urodeles: Evidence from experimental studies
    • Humphrey, R. R. (1929). The early position of the primordial germ cells in Urodeles: evidence from experimental studies. Anat. Rec. 42, 301-314.
    • (1929) Anat. Rec. , vol.42 , pp. 301-314
    • Humphrey, R.R.1
  • 53
    • 0018151398 scopus 로고
    • Location and ultrastructure of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in Ambystoma mexicanum
    • Ikenishi, K. and Nieuwkoop, P. D. (1978). Location and ultrastructure of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in Ambystoma mexicanum. Dev. Growth Diff. 20, 1-9.
    • (1978) Dev. Growth Diff. , vol.20 , pp. 1-9
    • Ikenishi, K.1    Nieuwkoop, P.D.2
  • 54
    • 0015962269 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural changes associated with UV irradiation in the 'germinal plasm' of Xenopus laevis
    • Ikenishi, K., Kotani, M. and Tanabe, K. (1974). Ultrastructural changes associated with UV irradiation in the 'germinal plasm' of Xenopus laevis. Dev. Biol. 36, 155-168.
    • (1974) Dev. Biol. , vol.36 , pp. 155-168
    • Ikenishi, K.1    Kotani, M.2    Tanabe, K.3
  • 55
    • 0022839320 scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence for the presence of germ cell determinant in vegetal pole cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis and in a subcellular fraction of it
    • Ikenishi, K., Nakazato, S. and Okuda, T. (1986). Direct evidence for the presence of germ cell determinant in vegetal pole cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis and in a subcellular fraction of it. Dev. Growth Diff. 28, 563-568.
    • (1986) Dev. Growth Diff. , vol.28 , pp. 563-568
    • Ikenishi, K.1    Nakazato, S.2    Okuda, T.3
  • 56
    • 0016054787 scopus 로고
    • Transplantation of posterior polar plasm in Drosophila. Induction of germ cells at the anterior pole of the egg
    • Illmensee, K. and Mahowald, A. P. (1974). Transplantation of posterior polar plasm in Drosophila. Induction of germ cells at the anterior pole of the egg. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 4, 1016-1020.
    • (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.4 , pp. 1016-1020
    • Illmensee, K.1    Mahowald, A.P.2
  • 57
    • 0017226571 scopus 로고
    • The autonomous function of germ plasm in a somatic region of the Drosophila egg
    • Illmensee, K. and Mahowald, A. P. (1976). The autonomous function of germ plasm in a somatic region of the Drosophila egg. Exp. Cell Res. 97, 127-140.
    • (1976) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.97 , pp. 127-140
    • Illmensee, K.1    Mahowald, A.P.2
  • 58
    • 0017255902 scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of germ plasm during oogenesis in Drosophila
    • Illmensee, K., Mahowald, A. P. and Loomis, M. R. (1976). The ontogeny of germ plasm during oogenesis in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 49, 40-65.
    • (1976) Dev. Biol. , vol.49 , pp. 40-65
    • Illmensee, K.1    Mahowald, A.P.2    Loomis, M.R.3
  • 59
    • 0032693437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural studies on the centrosome-attracting body: Electron-dense matrix and its role in unequal cleavages in ascidian embryos
    • Iseto, T. and Nishida, H. (1999). Ultrastructural studies on the centrosome-attracting body: electron-dense matrix and its role in unequal cleavages in ascidian embryos. Dev. Growth Diff. 41, 601-609.
    • (1999) Dev. Growth Diff. , vol.41 , pp. 601-609
    • Iseto, T.1    Nishida, H.2
  • 60
    • 0035875873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of axolot1 DAZL RNA, a marker of germ plasm: Widespread maternal RNA and onset of expression in germ cells approaching the gonad
    • Johnson, A. D., Bachvarova, R. F., Drum, M. and Masi, T. (2001). Expression of axolot1 DAZL RNA, a marker of germ plasm: widespread maternal RNA and onset of expression in germ cells approaching the gonad. Dev. Biol. 234, 402-415.
    • (2001) Dev. Biol. , vol.234 , pp. 402-415
    • Johnson, A.D.1    Bachvarova, R.F.2    Drum, M.3    Masi, T.4
  • 61
    • 0041312454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of predetermined germ cells in vertebrate embryos: Implications for macroevolution
    • Johnson, A. D., Drum, M., Bachvarova, R. F., Masi, T., White, M. E. and Crother, B. I. (2003). Evolution of predetermined germ cells in vertebrate embryos: implications for macroevolution. Evol. Dev. 5, 414-431.
    • (2003) Evol. Dev. , vol.5 , pp. 414-431
    • Johnson, A.D.1    Drum, M.2    Bachvarova, R.F.3    Masi, T.4    White, M.E.5    Crother, B.I.6
  • 62
    • 0026680530 scopus 로고
    • DVR-4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4) as a posterior-ventralizing factor in Xenopus mesoderm induction
    • Jones, C. M., Lyons, K. M., Lapan, P. M., Wright, C. V. and Hogan, B. L. (1992). DVR-4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4) as a posterior-ventralizing factor in Xenopus mesoderm induction. Development 115, 639-647.
    • (1992) Development , vol.115 , pp. 639-647
    • Jones, C.M.1    Lyons, K.M.2    Lapan, P.M.3    Wright, C.V.4    Hogan, B.L.5
  • 63
    • 0001865647 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur la biololgie des Opilions
    • Juberthie, C. (1964). Recherches sur la biololgie des Opilions. Ann. Spél. 19, 1-237.
    • (1964) Ann. Spél. , vol.19 , pp. 1-237
    • Juberthie, C.1
  • 64
    • 0030456513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of primordial germ cells in the prestreak chick embryo
    • Karagenc, L., Cinnamon, Y., Ginsburg, M. and Petitte, J. N. (1996). Origin of primordial germ cells in the prestreak chick embryo. Dev. Genet. 19, 290-301.
    • (1996) Dev. Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 290-301
    • Karagenc, L.1    Cinnamon, Y.2    Ginsburg, M.3    Petitte, J.N.4
  • 65
    • 0346600293 scopus 로고
    • Über die Entwicklung von Agelena labyrinthica Clerck. II
    • Kautzsch, G. (1910). Über die Entwicklung von Agelena labyrinthica Clerck. II. Teil. Zool. Jarhb. Anat. 30, 535-602.
    • (1910) Teil. Zool. Jarhb. Anat. , vol.30 , pp. 535-602
    • Kautzsch, G.1
  • 66
    • 0020335294 scopus 로고
    • Germ line of Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Insecta, Collembola). Ultrasctructural study on the origin of primordial germ cells
    • Klag, J. (1982). Germ line of Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Insecta, Collembola). Ultrasctructural study on the origin of primordial germ cells. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 72, 183-195.
    • (1982) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.72 , pp. 183-195
    • Klag, J.1
  • 67
    • 0343819999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of primordial germ cells during embryogenesis of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Symphypleona)
    • Klag, J. and Swiatek, P. (1999). Differentiation of primordial germ cells during embryogenesis of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Symphypleona). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 28, 161-168.
    • (1999) Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. , vol.28 , pp. 161-168
    • Klag, J.1    Swiatek, P.2
  • 68
    • 0035088103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA in the germinal granules in Xenopus embryos revisited
    • Kloc, M., Bilinski, S., Chan, A. P. and Etkin, L. D. (2001). Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA in the germinal granules in Xenopus embryos revisited. Differentiation 67, 80-83.
    • (2001) Differentiation , vol.67 , pp. 80-83
    • Kloc, M.1    Bilinski, S.2    Chan, A.P.3    Etkin, L.D.4
  • 70
    • 0007246804 scopus 로고
    • On the formation of the primordial germ cells from the presumptive ectoderm of Triturus gastrulae
    • Kotani, M. (1957). On the formation of the primordial germ cells from the presumptive ectoderm of Triturus gastrulae. J. Inst. Polytech. Osaka City Univ. D. 8, 145-159.
    • (1957) J. Inst. Polytech. Osaka City Univ. D , vol.8 , pp. 145-159
    • Kotani, M.1
  • 71
    • 0001016891 scopus 로고
    • Die Sonderung der Keimesbezirke in der Entwicklung der Sommereier von Polyphemus pediculus de Geer
    • Kühn, A. (1913). Die Sonderung der Keimesbezirke in der Entwicklung der Sommereier von Polyphemus pediculus de Geer. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Anat. Ontogenie Tiere 35, 243-340.
    • (1913) Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Anat. Ontogenie Tiere , vol.35 , pp. 243-340
    • Kühn, A.1
  • 73
    • 0034668067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution and differentiation potential of stem cells in hatchlings and adults in the marine platyhelminth Macrostomum sp.: A bromodeoxyuridine analysis
    • Ladurner, P., Rieger, R. and Baguñà, J. (2000). Spatial distribution and differentiation potential of stem cells in hatchlings and adults in the marine platyhelminth Macrostomum sp.: a bromodeoxyuridine analysis. Dev. Biol. 226, 231-241.
    • (2000) Dev. Biol. , vol.226 , pp. 231-241
    • Ladurner, P.1    Rieger, R.2    Baguñà, J.3
  • 74
    • 0347860325 scopus 로고
    • The early embryological development of Melophagus ovinus L., with special reference to the development of the germ cells
    • Lassmann, G. W. P. (1936). The early embryological development of Melophagus ovinus L., with special reference to the development of the germ cells. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 29, 397-413.
    • (1936) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. , vol.29 , pp. 397-413
    • Lassmann, G.W.P.1
  • 76
    • 0028724198 scopus 로고
    • Clonal analysis of the origin of primordial germ cells in the mouse
    • Lawson, K. A. and Hage, W. J. (1994). Clonal analysis of the origin of primordial germ cells in the mouse. CIBA Found. Symp. 182, 68-91.
    • (1994) CIBA Found. Symp. , vol.182 , pp. 68-91
    • Lawson, K.A.1    Hage, W.J.2
  • 77
    • 0026511257 scopus 로고
    • Production of germ-line chimeras in zebrafish by cell transplants from genetically pigmented to albino embryos
    • Lin, S., Long, W., Chen, J. and Hopkins, N. (1992). Production of germ-line chimeras in zebrafish by cell transplants from genetically pigmented to albino embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4519-4523.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 4519-4523
    • Lin, S.1    Long, W.2    Chen, J.3    Hopkins, N.4
  • 78
    • 0035213589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly of the Drosophila germ plasm
    • Mahowald, A. P. (2001). Assembly of the Drosophila germ plasm. Int. Rev. Cytol. 203, 187-213.
    • (2001) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.203 , pp. 187-213
    • Mahowald, A.P.1
  • 79
    • 0000434204 scopus 로고
    • On the embryology of a mysid crustacean, Hemimysis lamornae
    • Manton, S. M. (1928). On the embryology of a mysid crustacean, Hemimysis lamornae. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. Biol. Sci. 216, 363-463.
    • (1928) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B. Biol. Sci. , vol.216 , pp. 363-463
    • Manton, S.M.1
  • 80
    • 0035869306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative aspects of animal oogenesis
    • Matova, N. and Cooley, L. (2001). Comparative aspects of animal oogenesis. Dev. Biol. 231, 291-320.
    • (2001) Dev. Biol. , vol.231 , pp. 291-320
    • Matova, N.1    Cooley, L.2
  • 81
    • 0345968904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic position of the Chaetognaths: A molecular approach using developmental regulatory genes
    • Matus, D. S., Huber, J. L., Halanych, K. M. and Martindale, M. Q. (2002). The phylogenetic position of the Chaetognaths: a molecular approach using developmental regulatory genes. Integr. Comp. Biol. 42, 1274.
    • (2002) Integr. Comp. Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 1274
    • Matus, D.S.1    Huber, J.L.2    Halanych, K.M.3    Martindale, M.Q.4
  • 82
    • 0141682318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primordial germ cells in the mouse
    • (in press)
    • McLaren, A. (2003). Primordial germ cells in the mouse. Dev. Biol. (in press).
    • (2003) Dev. Biol.
    • McLaren, A.1
  • 83
    • 0002917141 scopus 로고
    • The development of Balanoglossus
    • Morgan, T. H. (1894). The development of Balanoglossus. J. Morphol. 9, 1-86.
    • (1894) J. Morphol. , vol.9 , pp. 1-86
    • Morgan, T.H.1
  • 84
    • 0035044001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of primordial germ cells or their precursors in stage X blastoderm of chickens and their ability to differentiate into functional gametes in opposite-sex recipient gonads
    • Naito, M., Sano, A., Matsubara, Y., Harumi, T., Tagami, T., Sakurai, M. and Kuwana, T. (2001). Localization of primordial germ cells or their precursors in stage X blastoderm of chickens and their ability to differentiate into functional gametes in opposite-sex recipient gonads. Reproduction 121, 547-552.
    • (2001) Reproduction , vol.121 , pp. 547-552
    • Naito, M.1    Sano, A.2    Matsubara, Y.3    Harumi, T.4    Tagami, T.5    Sakurai, M.6    Kuwana, T.7
  • 85
    • 0037344015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization and expression pattern of type I postplasmic mRNAs in embryos of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
    • Nakamura, Y., Makabe, K. W. and Nishida, H. (2003). Localization and expression pattern of type I postplasmic mRNAs in embryos of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Gene Expr. Patterns 3, 71-75.
    • (2003) Gene Expr. Patterns , vol.3 , pp. 71-75
    • Nakamura, Y.1    Makabe, K.W.2    Nishida, H.3
  • 87
    • 0011583014 scopus 로고
    • The segregation of the germ cells in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (Acrididae: Orthoptera)
    • Nelsen, O. E. (1934). The segregation of the germ cells in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (Acrididae: Orthoptera). J. Morphol. 545-575.
    • (1934) J. Morphol. , pp. 545-575
    • Nelsen, O.E.1
  • 89
    • 0001897315 scopus 로고
    • Experimental observations on the origin and determination of the germ cells, and on the development of the lateral plates and germ ridges in the urodeles
    • Nieuwkoop, P. D. (1947). Experimental observations on the origin and determination of the germ cells, and on the development of the lateral plates and germ ridges in the urodeles. Arch. Neerl. Zool. 8, 1-205.
    • (1947) Arch. Neerl. Zool. , vol.8 , pp. 1-205
    • Nieuwkoop, P.D.1
  • 90
    • 0347860322 scopus 로고
    • Does the so-called 'germinal plasm' play an important role in the development of the primordial germ cells
    • Nieuwkoop, P. D. and Suminski, E. H. (1959). Does the so-called 'germinal plasm' play an important role in the development of the primordial germ cells. Arch. Anat. Microsc. Morphol. Exp. 48, 189-198.
    • (1959) Arch. Anat. Microsc. Morphol. Exp. , vol.48 , pp. 189-198
    • Nieuwkoop, P.D.1    Suminski, E.H.2
  • 93
    • 0023202572 scopus 로고
    • Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. III. Up to the tissue restricted stage
    • Nishida, H. (1987). Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. III. Up to the tissue restricted stage. Dev. Biol. 121, 526-541.
    • (1987) Dev. Biol. , vol.121 , pp. 526-541
    • Nishida, H.1
  • 94
    • 0021087096 scopus 로고
    • Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. I. Up to the eight-cell stage
    • Nishida, H. and Satoh, N. (1983). Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. I. Up to the eight-cell stage. Dev. Biol. 99, 382-394.
    • (1983) Dev. Biol. , vol.99 , pp. 382-394
    • Nishida, H.1    Satoh, N.2
  • 95
    • 0022416840 scopus 로고
    • Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. II. The 16- and 32-cell stages
    • Nishida, H. and Satoh, N. (1985). Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. II. The 16- and 32-cell stages. Dev. Biol. 110, 440-454.
    • (1985) Dev. Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 440-454
    • Nishida, H.1    Satoh, N.2
  • 96
    • 0033135884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The centrosome-attracting body, microtubule system, and posterior egg cytoplasm are involved in positioning of cleavage planes in the ascidian embryo
    • Nishikata, T., Hibino, T. and Nishida, H. (1999). The centrosome-attracting body, microtubule system, and posterior egg cytoplasm are involved in positioning of cleavage planes in the ascidian embryo. Dev. Biol. 209, 72-85.
    • (1999) Dev. Biol. , vol.209 , pp. 72-85
    • Nishikata, T.1    Hibino, T.2    Nishida, H.3
  • 97
    • 0034827067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasa homolog genes in mammalian germ cell development
    • Noce, T., Okamoto-Ito, S. and Tsunekawa, N. (2001). Vasa homolog genes in mammalian germ cell development. Cell Struct. Funct. 26, 131-136.
    • (2001) Cell Struct. Funct. , vol.26 , pp. 131-136
    • Noce, T.1    Okamoto-Ito, S.2    Tsunekawa, N.3
  • 98
    • 0033147831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetrical distribution of mitochondrial rRNA into small micromeres of sea urchin embryos
    • Ogawa, M., Amikura, R., Akasaka, K., Kinoshita, T., Kobayashi, S. and Shimada, H. (1999). Asymmetrical distribution of mitochondrial rRNA into small micromeres of sea urchin embryos. Zool. Sci. 16, 445-451.
    • (1999) Zool. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 445-451
    • Ogawa, M.1    Amikura, R.2    Akasaka, K.3    Kinoshita, T.4    Kobayashi, S.5    Shimada, H.6
  • 99
    • 84980089607 scopus 로고
    • The early history of the germ cells in the Brook Lamprey, Entosphenus wilderi (Gage)
    • Okkelberg, P. (1921). The early history of the germ cells in the Brook Lamprey, Entosphenus wilderi (Gage). J. Morphol. 35, 1-152.
    • (1921) J. Morphol. , vol.35 , pp. 1-152
    • Okkelberg, P.1
  • 100
    • 0030930112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A vasa-like gene in zebrafish identifies putative primordial germ cells
    • Olsen, L. C., Aasland, R. and Fjose, A. (1997). A vasa-like gene in zebrafish identifies putative primordial germ cells. Mech. Dev. 66, 95-105.
    • (1997) Mech. Dev. , vol.66 , pp. 95-105
    • Olsen, L.C.1    Aasland, R.2    Fjose, A.3
  • 101
    • 0011999032 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the origin of primordial germ cells in the mouse
    • Ozdzenski, W. (1967). Observations on the origin of primordial germ cells in the mouse. Zool. Pol. 117, 367-379.
    • (1967) Zool. Pol. , vol.117 , pp. 367-379
    • Ozdzenski, W.1
  • 102
    • 0022476610 scopus 로고
    • The fate of the small micromeres in sea urchin development
    • Pehrson, J. R. and Cohen, L. H. (1986). The fate of the small micromeres in sea urchin development. Dev. Biol. 113, 522-526.
    • (1986) Dev. Biol. , vol.113 , pp. 522-526
    • Pehrson, J.R.1    Cohen, L.H.2
  • 103
    • 0034945410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: Inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences
    • Peterson, K. J. and Eernisse, D. J. (2001). Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences. Evol. Dev. 3, 170-205.
    • (2001) Evol. Dev. , vol.3 , pp. 170-205
    • Peterson, K.J.1    Eernisse, D.J.2
  • 104
    • 0029947657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postembryonic segregation of the germ line in sea urchins in relation to indirect development
    • Ransick, A., Cameron, R. A. and Davidson, E. H. (1996). Postembryonic segregation of the germ line in sea urchins in relation to indirect development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 6759-6763.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 6759-6763
    • Ransick, A.1    Cameron, R.A.2    Davidson, E.H.3
  • 105
    • 0346600289 scopus 로고
    • Contributions on the development of the reproductive system in Sternotherus odoratus (Latreille). I. The embryonic origin and migration of the primordial germ cells
    • Risley, P. L. (1933). Contributions on the development of the reproductive system in Sternotherus odoratus (Latreille). I. The embryonic origin and migration of the primordial germ cells. Zeit. Zellforsch. mikrosk. Anat. 18, 459-492.
    • (1933) Zeit. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. , vol.18 , pp. 459-492
    • Risley, P.L.1
  • 106
    • 0037143719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic analysis of myosin heavy chain type II sequences corroborates that Acoela and Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians
    • Ruiz-Trillo, I., Paps, J., Loukota, M., Ribera, C., Jondelius, U., Baguñà, J. and Riutort, M. (2002). A phylogenetic analysis of myosin heavy chain type II sequences corroborates that Acoela and Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 11246-11251.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 11246-11251
    • Ruiz-Trillo, I.1    Paps, J.2    Loukota, M.3    Ribera, C.4    Jondelius, U.5    Baguñà, J.6    Riutort, M.7
  • 107
    • 0032777762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline development in vertebrates and invertebrates
    • Saffman, E. E. and Lasko, P. (1999). Germline development in vertebrates and invertebrates. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 55, 1141-1163.
    • (1999) Cell Mol. Life Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 1141-1163
    • Saffman, E.E.1    Lasko, P.2
  • 108
    • 0037130207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular programme for the specification of germ cell fate in mice
    • Saitou, M., Barton, S. C. and Surani, M. A. (2002). A molecular programme for the specification of germ cell fate in mice. Nature 418, 293-300.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 293-300
    • Saitou, M.1    Barton, S.C.2    Surani, M.A.3
  • 109
    • 0014281918 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships between developing oocytes and ovarian tissues in the chiton Sypharochiton septentriones (Ashby) (Mollusca, Polyplacophora)
    • Selwood, L. (1968). Interrelationships between developing oocytes and ovarian tissues in the chiton Sypharochiton septentriones (Ashby) (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). J. Morphol. 125, 71-103.
    • (1968) J. Morphol. , vol.125 , pp. 71-103
    • Selwood, L.1
  • 110
    • 0013958842 scopus 로고
    • The role of a 'germinal plasm' in the formation of primordial germ cells in Rana pipiens
    • Smith, L. D. (1966). The role of a 'germinal plasm' in the formation of primordial germ cells in Rana pipiens. Dev. Biol. 14, 330-347.
    • (1966) Dev. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 330-347
    • Smith, L.D.1
  • 112
    • 0030448647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic and germ cell parasitism in a colonial ascidian: Possible role for a highly polymorphic allorecognition system
    • Stoner, D. S. and Weissman, I. L. (1996). Somatic and germ cell parasitism in a colonial ascidian: possible role for a highly polymorphic allorecognition system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 15254-15259.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 15254-15259
    • Stoner, D.S.1    Weissman, I.L.2
  • 113
    • 0009656730 scopus 로고
    • Immunofluorescence visualization of germ-line-specific cytoplasmic granules in embryos, larvae, and adults of Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Strome, S. and Wood, W. B. (1982). Immunofluorescence visualization of germ-line-specific cytoplasmic granules in embryos, larvae, and adults of Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 1558-1562.
    • (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.79 , pp. 1558-1562
    • Strome, S.1    Wood, W.B.2
  • 115
    • 84981777985 scopus 로고
    • Origin and early history of the primordial germ-cells of the chick
    • Swift, C. H. (1914). Origin and early history of the primordial germ-cells of the chick. Am. J. Anat. 483-516.
    • (1914) Am. J. Anat. , pp. 483-516
    • Swift, C.H.1
  • 116
    • 0036943586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primordial germ cells originate from the endodermal strand cells in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis
    • Takamura, K., Fujimura, M. and Yamaguchi, Y. (2002). Primordial germ cells originate from the endodermal strand cells in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Dev. Genes Evol. 212, 11-18.
    • (2002) Dev. Genes Evol. , vol.212 , pp. 11-18
    • Takamura, K.1    Fujimura, M.2    Yamaguchi, Y.3
  • 117
    • 0030601343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The allocation of epiblast cells to ectodermal and germ-line lineages is influenced by the position of the cells in the gastrulating mouse embryo
    • Tam, P. P. and Zhou, S. X. (1996). The allocation of epiblast cells to ectodermal and germ-line lineages is influenced by the position of the cells in the gastrulating mouse embryo. Dev. Biol. 178, 124-132.
    • (1996) Dev. Biol. , vol.178 , pp. 124-132
    • Tam, P.P.1    Zhou, S.X.2
  • 118
    • 0006164015 scopus 로고
    • Recherches ultrastructurales sur la ségregation et le développement de la lignée germinale chez les embryons de quatre collemboles (Insecta: Apterygota)
    • Tamarelle, M. (1979). Recherches ultrastructurales sur la ségregation et le développement de la lignée germinale chez les embryons de quatre collemboles (Insecta: Apterygota). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 8, 95-111.
    • (1979) Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. , vol.8 , pp. 95-111
    • Tamarelle, M.1
  • 119
    • 0015978474 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the amount of the "germinal plasm" and the number of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis
    • Tanabe, K. and Kotani, M. (1974). Relationship between the amount of the "germinal plasm" and the number of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 31, 89-98.
    • (1974) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.31 , pp. 89-98
    • Tanabe, K.1    Kotani, M.2
  • 120
    • 34250126137 scopus 로고
    • Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster Part III. Commitment and proliferative capabilities of pole cells and midgut progenitors
    • Technau, G. M. and Campos-Ortega, J. A. (1986). Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster Part III. Commitment and proliferative capabilities of pole cells and midgut progenitors. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195, 489-498.
    • (1986) Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. , vol.195 , pp. 489-498
    • Technau, G.M.1    Campos-Ortega, J.A.2
  • 121
    • 0027175482 scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic affinities of the Chaetognaths: A molecular analysis
    • Telford, M. J. and Holland, P. W. (1993). The phylogenetic affinities of the Chaetognaths: a molecular analysis. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10, 660-676.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 660-676
    • Telford, M.J.1    Holland, P.W.2
  • 122
    • 0038191149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined large and small subunit ribosomal RNA phylogenies support a basal position of the acoelomorph flatworms
    • Telford, M. J., Lockyer, A. E., Cartwright-Finch, C. and Littlewood, D. T. J. (2003). Combined large and small subunit ribosomal RNA phylogenies support a basal position of the acoelomorph flatworms. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 270, 1077-1083.
    • (2003) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.270 , pp. 1077-1083
    • Telford, M.J.1    Lockyer, A.E.2    Cartwright-Finch, C.3    Littlewood, D.T.J.4
  • 123
    • 0036344133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repression of zygotic gene expression in the putative germline cells in ascidian embryos
    • Tomioka, M., Miya, T. and Nishida, H. (2002). Repression of zygotic gene expression in the putative germline cells in ascidian embryos. Zool. Sci. 19, 49-55.
    • (2002) Zool. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 49-55
    • Tomioka, M.1    Miya, T.2    Nishida, H.3
  • 124
    • 0034191987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and intracellular localization of mouse Vasa-homologue protein during germ cell development
    • Toyooka, Y., Tsunekawa, N., Takahashi, Y., Matsui, Y., Satoh, M. and Noce, T. (2000). Expression and intracellular localization of mouse Vasa-homologue protein during germ cell development. Mech. Dev. 93, 139-149.
    • (2000) Mech. Dev. , vol.93 , pp. 139-149
    • Toyooka, Y.1    Tsunekawa, N.2    Takahashi, Y.3    Matsui, Y.4    Satoh, M.5    Noce, T.6
  • 126
    • 0033932880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of chicken vasa homolog gene and tracing the origin of primordial germ cells
    • Tsunekawa, N., Naito, M., Sakai, Y., Nishida, T. and Noce, T. (2000). Isolation of chicken vasa homolog gene and tracing the origin of primordial germ cells. Development 127, 2741-2750.
    • (2000) Development , vol.127 , pp. 2741-2750
    • Tsunekawa, N.1    Naito, M.2    Sakai, Y.3    Nishida, T.4    Noce, T.5
  • 127
    • 0030839998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of primordial germ cells to the developing gonadal ridges in the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii
    • Ullmann, S. L., Shaw, G., Alcorn, G. T. and Renfree, M. B. (1997). Migration of primordial germ cells to the developing gonadal ridges in the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii. J. Reprod. Fertil. 110, 135-143.
    • (1997) J. Reprod. Fertil. , vol.110 , pp. 135-143
    • Ullmann, S.L.1    Shaw, G.2    Alcorn, G.T.3    Renfree, M.B.4
  • 128
    • 0346600288 scopus 로고
    • Cytoplasmic localization in Bithynia tentaculata and its influence on development
    • Verdonk, N. H. (1973). Cytoplasmic localization in Bithynia tentaculata and its influence on development. Malacol. Rev. 6, 57.
    • (1973) Malacol. Rev. , vol.6 , pp. 57
    • Verdonk, N.H.1
  • 129
    • 0020661281 scopus 로고
    • Induction of Mutations by Gamma Rays in Pre-gonial Germ Cells of Zebrafish Embryos
    • Walker, C. and Streisinger, G. (1983). Induction of Mutations by Gamma Rays in Pre-gonial Germ Cells of Zebrafish Embryos. Genetics 103, 125-136.
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.103 , pp. 125-136
    • Walker, C.1    Streisinger, G.2
  • 130
    • 0002167032 scopus 로고
    • The Gonads and the Formation of the Sexual Cells
    • (ed. A. Brodal and R. Fange), Oslo: Universitetsforlaget
    • Walvig, F. (1963). The Gonads and the Formation of the Sexual Cells. In The Biology of Myxine (ed. A. Brodal and R. Fange), pp. 530-580. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
    • (1963) The Biology of Myxine , pp. 530-580
    • Walvig, F.1
  • 131
    • 0016426094 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative studies of germ plasm and germ cells during early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis
    • Whitington, P. M. and Dixon, K. E. (1975). Quantitative studies of germ plasm and germ cells during early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 33, 57-74.
    • (1975) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.33 , pp. 57-74
    • Whitington, P.M.1    Dixon, K.E.2
  • 133
    • 25044441739 scopus 로고
    • L'origine de la lignée germinale chez les vertebrés et chez quelques groupes d'invertebrés
    • Paris: Hermann
    • Wolff, E. (1964). L'origine de la lignée germinale chez les vertebrés et chez quelques groupes d'invertebrés. Paris: Hermann.
    • (1964)
    • Wolff, E.1
  • 134
    • 0004279072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London/Oxford: Current Biology/Oxford University Press
    • Wolpert, L. (1998). Principles of development. London/Oxford: Current Biology/Oxford University Press.
    • (1998) Principles of Development
    • Wolpert, L.1
  • 135
    • 0000029192 scopus 로고
    • History of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.)
    • Woods, F. H. (1931). History of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.). J. Morphol. Physiol. 51, 545-595.
    • (1931) J. Morphol. Physiol. , vol.51 , pp. 545-595
    • Woods, F.H.1
  • 136
    • 0009259066 scopus 로고
    • Keimbahn determinants and continuity of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.)
    • Woods, F. H. (1932). Keimbahn determinants and continuity of the germ cells in Sphaerium striatinum (Lam.). J. Morphol. 53, 345-365.
    • (1932) J. Morphol. , vol.53 , pp. 345-365
    • Woods, F.H.1
  • 138
    • 0035871471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation of endoderm-derived BMP2 and extraembryonic ectoderm-derived BMP4 in primordial germ cell generation in the mouse
    • Ying, Y. and Zhao, G. Q. (2001). Cooperation of endoderm-derived BMP2 and extraembryonic ectoderm-derived BMP4 in primordial germ cell generation in the mouse. Dev. Biol. 232, 484-492.
    • (2001) Dev. Biol. , vol.232 , pp. 484-492
    • Ying, Y.1    Zhao, G.Q.2
  • 139
    • 0034465667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of Bmp8b for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse
    • Ying, Y., Liu, X. M., Marble, A., Lawson, K. A. and Zhao, G. Q. (2000). Requirement of Bmp8b for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse. Mol. Endocrinol. 14, 1053-1063.
    • (2000) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.14 , pp. 1053-1063
    • Ying, Y.1    Liu, X.M.2    Marble, A.3    Lawson, K.A.4    Zhao, G.Q.5
  • 140
    • 0030928578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zebrafish vasa homologue RNA is localized to the cleavage planes of 2- and 4-cell-stage embryos and is expressed in the primordial germ cells
    • Yoon, C., Kawakami, K. and Hopkins, N. (1997). Zebrafish vasa homologue RNA is localized to the cleavage planes of 2- and 4-cell-stage embryos and is expressed in the primordial germ cells. Development 124, 3157-3166.
    • (1997) Development , vol.124 , pp. 3157-3166
    • Yoon, C.1    Kawakami, K.2    Hopkins, N.3
  • 141
    • 0029813914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of Xcat-2 RNA, a putative germ plasm component, to the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus stage I oocytes
    • Zhou, Y. and King, M. L. (1996). Localization of Xcat-2 RNA, a putative germ plasm component, to the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus stage I oocytes. Development 122, 2947-2953.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 2947-2953
    • Zhou, Y.1    King, M.L.2
  • 142
    • 0016823802 scopus 로고
    • The effect of U.V. irradiation of the vegetal pole of Xenopus laevis eggs on the presumptive primordial germ cells
    • Züst, B. and Dixon, K. E. (1975). The effect of U.V. irradiation of the vegetal pole of Xenopus laevis eggs on the presumptive primordial germ cells. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 34, 209-220.
    • (1975) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. , vol.34 , pp. 209-220
    • Züst, B.1    Dixon, K.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.