Enhancing Motivation, Ability, and Opportunity to Process Public Relations Messages

Public Relations Review

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 463-480

  Hallahan, Kirk ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347252653     PISSN: 03638111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0363-8111(00)00059-X     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Kirk Hallahan, "Inactive Publics: The Forgotten Publics In Public Relations," Public Relations Review 26 (Winter 2000), pp. 499-515.
2. James E. Grunig and Todd Hunt, Managing Public Relations (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1984), p. 148. Dennis Wilcox, Philip Ault, and Warren K. Agee, Public Relations Strategies & Tactics, 5th ed., (New York, NY: Longman, 1997), p. 167.
3. James E. Grunig and Todd Hunt, Managing Public Relations (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1984), p. 148. Dennis Wilcox, Philip Ault, and Warren K. Agee, Public Relations Strategies & Tactics, 5th ed., (New York, NY: Longman, 1997), p. 167.
4. Todd Hunt and James E. Grunig, Public Relations Techniques (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1994); William Thompson, Targeting the Message: A Receiver-Centered Process for Public Relations Writing (New York, NY: Longman, 1996), p. 154; Dennis Wilcox and Lawrence W. Nolte, Public Relations Writing and Media Techniques, 3rd ed.,(New York, NY: Longman, 1997).
5. Todd Hunt and James E. Grunig, Public Relations Techniques (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1994); William Thompson, Targeting the Message: A Receiver-Centered Process for Public Relations Writing (New York, NY: Longman, 1996), p. 154; Dennis Wilcox and Lawrence W. Nolte, Public Relations Writing and Media Techniques, 3rd ed.,(New York, NY: Longman, 1997).
6. Todd Hunt and James E. Grunig, Public Relations Techniques (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1994); William Thompson, Targeting the Message: A Receiver-Centered Process for Public Relations Writing (New York, NY: Longman, 1996), p. 154; Dennis Wilcox and Lawrence W. Nolte, Public Relations Writing and Media Techniques, 3rd ed.,(New York, NY: Longman, 1997).
7. Doug Newsom and Bob Carrell, Public Relations Writing. Form & Style, 3rd ed., (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1990), p. 32.
8. Kerry Tucker, Doris Dorelian, and Donna R. Rouner, Public Relations Writing, A Behavioral Issues-Driven Approach (Upper Saddleback River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996), p. 42.
9. James E. Grunig and Fred C. Repper, "Strategic Management, Publics and Issues," in James E. Grunig (ed.), Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1992), pp. 117-158.
10. James K, Van Leuven, and Michael D. Slater, "How Publics, Public Relations and the Media Shape the Public Opinion Process," in Larissa A. Grunig and James G. Grunig (eds.), Public Relations Research Annual, Vol. 3, (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1991), pp. 165-178.
11. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
12. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
13. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
14. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216-253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
15. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
16. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
17. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
18. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
19. E. K. Strong, The Psychology of Selling (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1925); Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner, "A Mode of Predictive Measures of Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Marketing 25 (1961), pp. 55-62; Everett M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed., (New York, NY: Free Press, 1995); William J. McGuire, "Persuasion, Resistance and Attitude Change," in Ithiel de sola Pool, Frederick F. Frey, Wilbur Schramm, Nathan Maccobby, and Edwin P. Parker (eds.) Handbook of Communication (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College, 1973), pp. 216- 253. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases," Science 185 (1974), pp. 1124-1131; Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of the Mass Media," Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (1972), pp. 176-204; Elihu Katz and Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication (New York, NY: Free Press, 1955); Lawrence Wallack, Lori Dorfman, David Jernigan, and Makani Thema, Media Advocacy and Public Health (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993); James O. Proschaska, Carlo C. DiClemente, and John C. Norcross, "In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors," American Psychologist 47 (1992), pp. 1102-1114.
20. J. Craig Andrews, "Motivation, Ability and Opportunity to Process Information: Conceptual and Experimental Manipulation Issues," in Michael J. Houston (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 15 (Provo, UH: Association for Consumer Research, 1988), pp. 219-225; Rajeev Batra and Michael L. Ray, "Situational Effects of Advertising Repetition: The Moderating Influence of Motivation, Ability and Opportunity to Respond," Journal of Consumer Research 12 (1986), pp. 432-445.
21. J. Craig Andrews, "Motivation, Ability and Opportunity to Process Information: Conceptual and Experimental Manipulation Issues," in Michael J. Houston (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 15 (Provo, UH: Association for Consumer Research, 1988), pp. 219-225; Rajeev Batra and Michael L. Ray, "Situational Effects of Advertising Repetition: The Moderating Influence of Motivation, Ability and Opportunity to Respond," Journal of Consumer Research 12 (1986), pp. 432-445.
22. Fergus I. M. Craik and Robert S. Lockhart, "Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research," Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11 (1972), pp. 671-684.
23. Anthony G. Greenwald and Clark Leavitt, "Audience Involvement in Advertising: Four Levels," Journal of Consumer Research 11 (1984), pp. 25-42.
24. Richard M. Petty, Timothy M. Ostrom, and Timothy C. Brock, Cognitive Responses in Persuasion (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1981).
25. Deborah J. MacInnis and Bernard J. Jaworski, "Information Processing from Advertisements: Toward an Integrative Framework," Journal of Marketing 53 (October 1989), pp. 1-23.
26. Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, Communication and Persuasion. Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion. (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1986); Shelley Chaiken, "The Heuristic Model of Persuasion," in Mark P. Zanna, James M. Olson, and C. Peter Herman (eds.), Social Influence: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 5, (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1987), pp. 3-39.
27. Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, Communication and Persuasion. Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion. (New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1986); Shelley Chaiken, "The Heuristic Model of Persuasion," in Mark P. Zanna, James M. Olson, and C. Peter Herman (eds.), Social Influence: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 5, (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1987), pp. 3-39.
28. Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, ibid.; Deborah J. MacInnis, Christine M. Moorman, and Bernard J. Jaworski, "Enhancing and Measuring Consumers' Motivation, Opportunity and Ability to Process Brand Information from Ads," Journal of Marketing 55 (October 1991), pp. 32-53.
29. Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, ibid.; Deborah J. MacInnis, Christine M. Moorman, and Bernard J. Jaworski, "Enhancing and Measuring Consumers' Motivation, Opportunity and Ability to Process Brand Information from Ads," Journal of Marketing 55 (October 1991), pp. 32-53.
30. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, "Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability," Cognitive Psychology 5 (1973), pp. 207-232;
31. Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, op. cit.; Rajeev Batra and Michael L. Ray, op. cit.
32. Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, op. cit.; Rajeev Batra and Michael L. Ray, op. cit.
33. Darrel D. Muehling and Michael McCann, "Attitude Toward the Ad: A Review," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising 15 (Fall 1993), pp. 25-58.
34. Morris B. Holbrook and Elizabeth C. Hirschman, "The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings and Fun," Journal of Consumer Research 9 (1982), pp. 132-140.
35. Edward F. MacQuarrie and David Glen Mick, "Visual Rhetoric in Advertising Language," Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1996), pp. 424-438.
36. Wendy Bryce and Thomas J. Olney, "Modality Effects in Television Advertising: A Methodology for Isolating Message Structure from Message Content Effects," in Michael J. Houston (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 15, (Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 1988), pp. 174-177; Laura A. Peracchio and Joan Meyers-Levy, "How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos Can Affect Product Evaluations," Journal of Consumer Research 21 (1994), pp. 190-204; Darryl W. Miller and Lawrence J. Marks, "Mental Imagery and Sound Effects in Radio Commercials," Journal of Advertising 21 (December 1992), pp. 83-94; Paula Fitzgerald Bone and Pam Scholder Ellen, "The General and Consequences of Communication- Evoked Imagery," Journal of Consumer Research 19 (1992), pp. 93-104.
37. Wendy Bryce and Thomas J. Olney, "Modality Effects in Television Advertising: A Methodology for Isolating Message Structure from Message Content Effects," in Michael J. Houston (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 15, (Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 1988), pp. 174-177; Laura A. Peracchio and Joan Meyers-Levy, "How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos Can Affect Product Evaluations," Journal of Consumer Research 21 (1994), pp. 190-204; Darryl W. Miller and Lawrence J. Marks, "Mental Imagery and Sound Effects in Radio Commercials," Journal of Advertising 21 (December 1992), pp. 83-94; Paula Fitzgerald Bone and Pam Scholder Ellen, "The General and Consequences of Communication- Evoked Imagery," Journal of Consumer Research 19 (1992), pp. 93-104.
38. Wendy Bryce and Thomas J. Olney, "Modality Effects in Television Advertising: A Methodology for Isolating Message Structure from Message Content Effects," in Michael J. Houston (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 15, (Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 1988), pp. 174-177; Laura A. Peracchio and Joan Meyers-Levy, "How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos Can Affect Product Evaluations," Journal of Consumer Research 21 (1994), pp. 190-204; Darryl W. Miller and Lawrence J. Marks, "Mental Imagery and Sound Effects in Radio Commercials," Journal of Advertising 21 (December 1992), pp. 83-94; Paula Fitzgerald Bone and Pam Scholder Ellen, "The General and Consequences of Communication- Evoked Imagery," Journal of Consumer Research 19 (1992), pp. 93-104.
39. Wendy Bryce and Thomas J. Olney, "Modality Effects in Television Advertising: A Methodology for Isolating Message Structure from Message Content Effects," in Michael J. Houston (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 15, (Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 1988), pp. 174-177; Laura A. Peracchio and Joan Meyers-Levy, "How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos Can Affect Product Evaluations," Journal of Consumer Research 21 (1994), pp. 190-204; Darryl W. Miller and Lawrence J. Marks, "Mental Imagery and Sound Effects in Radio Commercials," Journal of Advertising 21 (December 1992), pp. 83-94; Paula Fitzgerald Bone and Pam Scholder Ellen, "The General and Consequences of Communication-Evoked Imagery," Journal of Consumer Research 19 (1992), pp. 93-104.
40. Pamela M. Homer, "Ad Size as an Indicator of Perceived Advertising Costs and Effort: The Effects on Memory and Perceptions," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 1-12; Dominique Hanssens and Barton A. Weitz, "The Effectiveness of Industrial Print Advertisements Across Product Categories," Journal of Marketing Research 17 (1980), pp. 294-306; C. Douglas Olsen, "Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 29-44; Joan Meyers-Levy and Laura A. Peracchio, "Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence Between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1995), pp. 121-138; Meryl P. Gardner, "Advertising Effects on Attributes Recalled and Criteria Used for Brand Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 310-318; D. P. Ansubel, "The Use of Advanced Organizers in the Learning and Retention of Meaningful Verbal Behavior," Journal of Educational Psychology 51 (1960), pp. 267-272.
41. Pamela M. Homer, "Ad Size as an Indicator of Perceived Advertising Costs and Effort: The Effects on Memory and Perceptions," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 1-12; Dominique Hanssens and Barton A. Weitz, "The Effectiveness of Industrial Print Advertisements Across Product Categories," Journal of Marketing Research 17 (1980), pp. 294-306; C. Douglas Olsen, "Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 29-44; Joan Meyers-Levy and Laura A. Peracchio, "Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence Between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1995), pp. 121-138; Meryl P. Gardner, "Advertising Effects on Attributes Recalled and Criteria Used for Brand Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 310-318; D. P. Ansubel, "The Use of Advanced Organizers in the Learning and Retention of Meaningful Verbal Behavior," Journal of Educational Psychology 51 (1960), pp. 267-272.
42. Pamela M. Homer, "Ad Size as an Indicator of Perceived Advertising Costs and Effort: The Effects on Memory and Perceptions," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 1-12; Dominique Hanssens and Barton A. Weitz, "The Effectiveness of Industrial Print Advertisements Across Product Categories," Journal of Marketing Research 17 (1980), pp. 294-306; C. Douglas Olsen, "Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 29-44; Joan Meyers-Levy and Laura A. Peracchio, "Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence Between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1995), pp. 121-138; Meryl P. Gardner, "Advertising Effects on Attributes Recalled and Criteria Used for Brand Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 310-318; D. P. Ansubel, "The Use of Advanced Organizers in the Learning and Retention of Meaningful Verbal Behavior," Journal of Educational Psychology 51 (1960), pp. 267-272.
43. Pamela M. Homer, "Ad Size as an Indicator of Perceived Advertising Costs and Effort: The Effects on Memory and Perceptions," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 1-12; Dominique Hanssens and Barton A. Weitz, "The Effectiveness of Industrial Print Advertisements Across Product Categories," Journal of Marketing Research 17 (1980), pp. 294-306; C. Douglas Olsen, "Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 29-44; Joan Meyers-Levy and Laura A. Peracchio, "Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence Between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1995), pp. 121-138; Meryl P. Gardner, "Advertising Effects on Attributes Recalled and Criteria Used for Brand Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 310-318; D. P. Ansubel, "The Use of Advanced Organizers in the Learning and Retention of Meaningful Verbal Behavior," Journal of Educational Psychology 51 (1960), pp. 267-272.
44. Pamela M. Homer, "Ad Size as an Indicator of Perceived Advertising Costs and Effort: The Effects on Memory and Perceptions," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 1-12; Dominique Hanssens and Barton A. Weitz, "The Effectiveness of Industrial Print Advertisements Across Product Categories," Journal of Marketing Research 17 (1980), pp. 294-306; C. Douglas Olsen, "Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 29-44; Joan Meyers-Levy and Laura A. Peracchio, "Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence Between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1995), pp. 121-138; Meryl P. Gardner, "Advertising Effects on Attributes Recalled and Criteria Used for Brand Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 310-318; D. P. Ansubel, "The Use of Advanced Organizers in the Learning and Retention of Meaningful Verbal Behavior," Journal of Educational Psychology 51 (1960), pp. 267-272.
45. Pamela M. Homer, "Ad Size as an Indicator of Perceived Advertising Costs and Effort: The Effects on Memory and Perceptions," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 1-12; Dominique Hanssens and Barton A. Weitz, "The Effectiveness of Industrial Print Advertisements Across Product Categories," Journal of Marketing Research 17 (1980), pp. 294-306; C. Douglas Olsen, "Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance," Journal of Advertising 24 (Winter 1995), pp. 29-44; Joan Meyers-Levy and Laura A. Peracchio, "Understanding the Effects of Color: How the Correspondence Between Available and Required Resources Affects Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Research 22 (1995), pp. 121-138; Meryl P. Gardner, "Advertising Effects on Attributes Recalled and Criteria Used for Brand Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 310-318; D. P. Ansubel, "The Use of Advanced Organizers in the Learning and Retention of Meaningful Verbal Behavior," Journal of Educational Psychology 51 (1960), pp. 267-272.
46. Richard E. Petty, John T. Cacioppo, and David W. Schumann, "Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 135-146; Shelley Chaiken and Durairaj Maheswaran, "Heuristic Processing Can Bias Systematic Processing: Effects of Source Credibility, Argument Ambiguity and Task Importance on Attitude Judgment," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (1994), pp. 460-473. Carolynn Tripp, Thomas D. Jensen, and Les Carlson, "The Effects of Multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrities on Consumers' Attitudes and Intentions, Journal of Consumer Research 20 (1994), pp. 535-547.
47. Richard E. Petty, John T. Cacioppo, and David W. Schumann, "Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement," Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983), pp. 135-146; Shelley Chaiken and Durairaj Maheswaran, "Heuristic Processing Can Bias Systematic Processing: Effects of Source Credibility, Argument Ambiguity and Task Importance on Attitude Judgment," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66 (1994), pp. 460-473. Carolynn Tripp, Thomas D. Jensen, and Les Carlson, "The Effects of Multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrities on Consumers' Attitudes and Intentions, Journal of Consumer Research 20 (1994), pp. 535-547.
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