Quasi-ideal strontium titanate crystal surfaces through formation of strontium hydroxide

Applied Physics Letters

Volumn 73, Issue 20, 1998, Pages 2920-2922

  Koster, Gertjan ^a   Kropman, Boike L ^a   Rijnders, Guus J H M ^a   Blank, Dave H A ^a   Rogalla, Horst ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0346510002     PISSN: 00036951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.122630     Document Type: Article

References (21)

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6. 3 single crystals used in this study are obtained from ESCETE, Single Crystal Technology B.V., Enschede, the Netherlands.
7. -1, whereas for tapping mode Si cantilevers with resonance frequency ranging from 310 to 400 kHz were utilized. Contact forces were kept as low as possible and are estimated to be <10 nN. Lateral or frictional forces are measured simultaneously by the four-quadrant detector. No attempts have been made to quantify the friction force, since the exact lateral force constants of the cantilevers are unknown, the alignment of the laser on the cantilever changes and the humidity in the laboratory is not constant. In all friction force micrographs high frictional forces are displayed as bright white colors and lower forces as dark colors (range of 0.1 V). The observed friction contrast is comparable to that found by Fompeyrine et al. (see Ref. 9). The topographical features in the contact mode micrographs are confirmed by tapping mode imaging.
8. -1, and allowed to cool down to room temperature in 3 h.
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10. -7Torr) at temperatures above 600 °C, before any friction contrast is observed. They conclude high friction domains to be SrO terminated.
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12. 4 tip (for more details, see Refs. 10 and 12). A second origin of friction is more mechanical in nature, and deals with the stiffness of the cantilever and the tip-sample combination, as expressed in the respective Poisson coefficient, Young's and shear modulus (Ref. 12). Since the friction force depends linearly on the applied load, higher adhesion forces between tip and sample result in higher friction forces. In air, the difference in adhesion is usually caused by differences in water adsorption on the surface.
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