Molecular clock divergence estimates and the fossil record of Cetartiodactyla

Journal of Paleontology

Volumn 78, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 39-44

  Theodor, Jessica M ^a  

^a RESEARCH AND COLLECTIONS CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CETACEAN; DIVERGENCE; FOSSIL RECORD; WHALE;

ARTIODACTYLA; CETACEA; CETARTIODACTYLA; RUMINANTIA; SUIDAE;

EID: 0346462960     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0039:MCDEAT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. ARNASON, U., AND A. GULLBERG. 1996. Cytochrome b nucleotide sequences and the identification of five primary lineages of extant cetaceans. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13(2):407-417.
2. BAJPAI, S., AND P. D. GINGERICH. 1998. A new Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the time of origin of whales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(26):15464-15468.
3. BARNES, L. G., AND J. L. GOEDERT. 2000. The world's oldest known odontocete (Mammalia: Cetacea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20(Supplement to No. 3):28A.
4. BEHRENSMEYER, A. K., A. L. DEINO, A. HILL, J. D. KINGSTON, AND J. J. SAUNDERS. 2002. Geology and geochronology of the middle Miocene Kipsaramon site complex, Muruyur Beds, Tugen Hills, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution, 42:11-38.
5. BERTA, A., C. E. RAY, AND A. R. WYSS. 1989. Skeleton of the oldest known pinniped, Enaliarctos mealsi. Science, 244:60-62.
6. BROMHAM, L., D. PENNY, A. RAMBAUT, AND M. D. HENDY. 2000. The power of relative rates tests depends on the data. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 50(3):296-301.
7. COLBERT, E. H. 1935. Distributional and phylogenetic studies on Indian fossil mammals. IV. The phylogeny of the Indian Suidae and the origin of the Hippopotamidae. American Museum Novitates, 799:1-24.
8. DRAKE, R. E., J. A. VAN COUVERING, M. PICKFORD, G. H. CURTIS, AND J. A. HARRIS. 1988. New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 145:479-491.
9. FELSENSTEIN, J. 1981. Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 17:368-376.
10. FITCH, W. M. 1976. Molecular evolutionary clocks, p. 160-178. In F. J. Ayala (ed.), Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
11. FORDYCE, R. E. 1989. Origins and evolution of Antarctic marine mammals. Special Publication of the Geological Society, London, 47:269-281.
12. FORDYCE, R. E., AND L. G. BARNES. 1994. The evolutionary history of whales and dolphins. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 22:419-455.
13. GATESY, J. 1997. More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood clotting protein gene γ-fibrinogen. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14(5):537-543.
14. GATESY, J. 1998. Molecular evidence for the phylogenetic affinities of Cetacea, p. 63-111. In J. G. M. Thewissen (ed.), The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York and London.
15. GATESY, J., C. HAYASHI, M. A. CRONIN, AND P. ARCTANDER. 1996. Evidence from milk casein genes that cetaceans are close relatives of hippopotamid artiodactyls. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13(7): 954-963.
16. GATESY, J., M. MILINKOVITCH, V. WADDELL, AND M. STANHOPE. 1999. Stability of cladistic relationships between Cetacea and higher-level artiodactyl taxa. Systematic Biology, 48(1):6-20.
17. GINGERICH, P. D. 1989. New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming: composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage. University of Michigan Papers in Paleontology, 28:1-97.
18. GINGERICH, P. D., M. UL HAQ, I. S. ZALMOUT, I. H. KHAN, AND M. S. MALKANI. 2001. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science, 293:2239-2242.
19. GRAUR, D., AND D. G. HIGGINS. 1994. Molecular evidence for the inclusion of cetaceans within the Order Artiodactyla. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 11(3):357-364.
20. HUCHON, D., F. M. CATZEFLIS, AND E. J. P. DOUZERY. 2000. Variance of molecular datings, evolution of rodents and the phylogenetic affinities between Ctenodactylidae and Hystricognathi. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series B, Biological Science, 267(1441):393-402.
21. HUELSENBECK, J. P., AND K. A. CRANDALL. 1997. Phylogeny estimation and hypothesis testing using maximum likelihood. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28:437-466.
22. HUELSENBECK, J. P., AND B. RANNALA. 1997. Phylogenetic methods come of age: testing hypotheses in an evolutionary context. Science, 276:227-232.
23. JACOBS, L. L., AND W. R. DOWNS. 1994. The evolution of murine rodents in Asia. In Y. Tomida, C. Li, and T. Setoguchi (eds.), Rodents and Lagomorph Families of Asian Origin and Diversification. National Science Museum Monograph. Tokyo, Japan.
24. JANIS, C. M., K. M. SCOTT, AND L. L. JACOBS. 1998. Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
25. KUMAR, S., AND B. S. HEDGES. 1998. A molecular timescale for vertebrate evolution. Nature, 392:917-920.
26. MARSHALL, C. R. 1990. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges. Paleobiology, 16:1-10.
27. MCKENNA, M. C., AND S. K. BELL. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York.
28. MILINKOVITCH, M. C., M. BÉRUBÉ, AND P. J. PALSBØLL. 1998. Cetaceans are highly derived artiodactyls, p. 113-131. In J. G. M. Thewissen (ed.), The Emergence of Whales: Evolutionary Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press, New York and London.
29. NIKAIDO, M., F. MATSUNO, H. HAMILTON, R. L. BROWNELL, Y. CAO, W. DING, Z. ZUOYAN, A. M. SHEDLOCK, R. E. FORDYCE, M. HASEGAWA, AND N. OKADA. 2001. Retroposon analysis of major cetacean lineages: the monophyly of toothed whales and the paraphyly of river dolphins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(13):7384-7389.
30. NIKAIDO, M. A., P. ROONEY, AND N. OKADA. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interpersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96: 10261-10266.
31. NORMAN, J. E., AND M. V. ASHLEY. 2000. Phylogenetics of Perissodactyla and tests of the molecular clock. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 50(1):11-21.
32. PEARSON, H. S. 1927. On the skulls of early Tertiary Suidae, together with an account of the otic region in some other primitive Artiodactyla. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. CCXV(B):389-460.
33. PICKFORD, M. 1983. On the origins of the Hippopotamidae together with descriptions of two new species, a new genus and a new subfamily from the Miocene of Kenya. Géobios, 16:193-217.
34. POSADA, D., AND K. A. CRANDALL. 1998. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14(9):817-818.
35. ROBINSON, M., M. GOUY, C. GAUTIER, AND D. MOUCHIROUD. 1998. Sensitivity of the relative-rate test to taxonomic sampling. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 15(9):1091-1098.
36. SARICH, V. M., AND A. C. WILSON. 1967. Immunological time scale for hominid evolution. Science, 158:1200-1203.
37. SAVAGE, D. E., AND D. E. RUSSELL. 1983. Mammalian Paleofaunas of the World. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
38. SOLOUNIAS, N., J. C. BARRY, R. L. BERNOR, E. H. LINDSAY, AND S. MAHMOOD RAZA. 1995. The oldest bovid from the Siwaliks, Pakistan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15(4):806-814.
39. SOLTIS, P. S., D. E. SOLTIS, V. SAVOLAINEN, P. R. CRANE, AND T. G. BARRACLOUGH. 2002. Rate heterogeneity among lineages of tracheophytes: integration of molecular and fossil data and evidence for molecular living fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(7):4430-4435.
40. SORHANNUS, U., AND C. VAN BELL. 1999. Testing for equality of molecular evolutionary rates: a comparison between a relative-rate test and a likelihood ratio test. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16(6): 849-855.
41. SWOFFORD, D. L. 1992. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP). Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
42. SWOFFORD, D. L., G. J. OLSEN, P. J. WADDELL, AND D. M. HILLIS. 1996. Phylogenetic inference, p. 407-543. In D. M. Hillis, C. Moritz, and B. K. Mable (eds.), Molecular Systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
43. TAJIMA, F. 1993. Simple methods for testing the molecular clock hypothesis. Genetics, 135:599-607.
44. THEWISSEN, J. G. M., E. M. WILLIAMS, L. J. ROE, AND S. T. HUSSAIN. 2001. Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. Nature, 413:277-281.
45. TOURASSE, N. J., AND W.-H. LI. 1999. Performance of the relative-rate test under nonstationary models of nucleotide substitution. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16(8):1068-1078.
46. WAYNE, R. K., B. VAN VALKENBURGH, AND S. J. O'BRIEN. 1991. Molecular distance and divergence time in carnivores and primates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 8(3):297-319.