Carbonatites and lamprophyres of the Gardar Province - A 'window' to the sub-Gardar mantle?

Mineralogical Magazine

Volumn 67, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 855-872

  Coulson, I M ^a   Goodenough, K M ^b,c   Pearce, N J G ^d   Leng, M J ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REGINA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^d ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Alkaline; Carbonatite; Gardar; Greenland; Lamprophyre; Mantle

Indexed keywords

CARBONATES; CONTAMINATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; ROCKS;

CARBONATITES MAGMAS; METASOMITES;

MINERALOGY;

CARBONATITE; IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; LAMPROPHYRE; MANTLE CHEMISTRY; MANTLE SOURCE; OCEAN ISLAND BASALT; RIFT ZONE;

GREENLAND;

EID: 0345991222     PISSN: 0026461X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1180/0026461036750148     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Andersen, T. (1984) Secondary processes in carbonatites: Petrology of 'rødberg' (hematite-calcite-dolomite-carbonatite) in the Fen Central Complexes, Telemark (South Norway). Lithos, 17, 227-245.
2. Andersen, T. (1987) Mantle and crustal components in a carbonatite complex, and the evolution of carbonatite magmas: REE and isotopic evidence from the Fen complex, southeast Norway. Chemical Geology, 65, 147-166.
3. Andersen, T. (1997) Age and petrogenesis of the Qassiarsuk carbonatite-alkaline silicate volcanic complex in the Gardar rift, South Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 499-513.
4. Bailey, J.C. (1980) Formation of cryolite and other aluminofluorides: a petrologic review. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 29, 1-45.
5. Bedford, C.M. (1989) The mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Gronnedal-Íka complex, southwest Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Durham, Durham, UK.
6. Bell, K. (2001) Carbonatites: relationships to mantle-plume activity. Pp. 267-290 in: Mantle Plumes: their Identification through Time (R.E. Ernst and K.L. Buchan, editors). Geological Society of America Special Paper 352, Boulder, Colorado.
7. Bell, K. and Blenkinsop, J. (1987) Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of East African carbonatites: implications for mantle heterogeneity. Geology, 15, 99-102.
8. Bell, K. and Blenkinsop, J. (1989) Neodymium and strontium isotope geochemistry of carbonatites. Pp. 278-300 in: Carbonatites - Genesis and Evolution (K. Bell, editor). Unwin Hyman, London.
9. Bell, K. and Tilton, G.R. (2001) Nd, Pb and Sr isotopic compositions of East African carbonatites: evidence for mantle mixing and plume inhomogeneity. Journal of Petrology, 42, 1927-1945.
10. Bell, K. and Tilton, G.R. (2002) Probing the mantle: the story from carbonatites. Eos (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union), 83, 273, 276-277.
11. Berthelsen, A. (1962) On the geology of the country around Ivigtut, SW Greenland. Geologisches Rundschau, 52, 269-280.
12. Berthelsen, A. and Henriksen, N. (1975) Geological Map of Greenland. 1:100,000, Ivigtut 61 v. 1 Syd. The orogenic and cratogenic geology of the Precambrian shield area. Descriptive text. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, 169 pp.
13. Bizzarro, M., Simonetti, A., Stevenson, R.K. and David, J. (2002) Hf isotope evidence for a hidden mantle reservoir. Geology, 30, 771-774.
14. Blaxland, A.B., van Breemen, O., Emeleus, C.H. and Anderson, J.G. (1978) Age and origin of the major syenite centres in the Gardar province of South Greenland: Rb-Sr studies. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 89, 231-244.
15. Boynton, W.V. (1984) Geochemistry of the rare-earth elements. Meteorite studies. Pp. 63-114 in: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry (P. Henderson, editor). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
16. Chadwick, B. and Garde, A.A. (1996) Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian orogen. Pp. 179-196 in: Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the North Atlantic Region (T.S. Brewer, editor). Special Publication, 112. Geological Society, London.
17. Chambers, A.D. (1976) The petrology and geochemistry of the North Qôroq centre, Igaliko Complex, South Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Durham, UK.
18. th Kimberlite conference: 1. Kimberlite, related rocks and mantle xenoliths. CPRM, Brasilia, pp. 236-251.
19. Coulson, I.M. (1996) Rare-earth and high-field-strength element mobility in and around the North Qôroq centre, Gardar Province of South Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
20. Coulson, I.M. (1997) Post-magmatic alteration in cudialyte from the North Qôroq centre, South Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 99-109.
21. Coulson, I.M. and Chambers, A.D. (1996) Patterns of zonation in rare-earth-bearing minerals in nepheline syenites of the North Qôroq center, South Greenland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 1163-78.
22. Coulson, I.M., Leng, M.J., Pearce, N.J.G. and Chambers, A.D. (1998) The origin of carbonatites in the North Qôroq central complex, and possible links with carbonatite/alkaline magmatism in the Precambrian Gardar rift of Southern Greenland. Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group annual meeting, Leicester, UK, Program and abstracts, p. 16.
23. Coulson, I.M., Russell, J.K. and Dipple, G.M. (1999) Origins of the Zippa Mountain pluton: a Late Triassic, arc-derived, ultrapotassic magma from the Canadian Cordillera. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36, 1415-1434.
24. 2 at 6 GPa. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1953-1964.
25. Deines, P. (1989) Stable isotope variations in carbonatites. Pp. 301-359 in: Carbonatites - Genesis and Evolution (K. Bell, editor). Unwin Hyman, London.
26. Deines, P. and Gold, D.P. (1973) The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 1709-1733.
27. Emeleus, C.H. (1964) The Grønnedal-Íka alkaline complex, South Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, 172.
28. Emeleus, C.H. and Harry, W.T. (1970) The Igaliko Nepheline syenite complex: general description. Meddelelser om Grønland, 186.
29. Finch, A.A., Goodenough, K.M., Salmon, H.M. and Andersen, T. (2001) The petrology and petrogenesis of the North Motzfeldt Centre, Gardar Province, South Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine, 65, 759-74.
30. Friedman, G.M. (1959) Identification of carbonate minerals by staining methods. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 29, 87-97.
31. Garde, A.A., Hamilton, M.A., Chadwick, B., Grocott, J. and McCaffrey, K.J.W. (2002) The Ketilidian orogen of South Greenland: tectonics, magmatism and fore-arc accretion during Palaeoproterozoic oblique convergence. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39, 765-793.
32. Gill, R.C.O. (1972) The geochemistry of the Grønnedal-Íka alkaline complex, South Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Durham, UK.
33. Gittins, J. and Harmer, R.E. (1997) What is ferrocarbonatite? A revised classification. African Journal of Earth Science, 25, 159-168.
34. Goodenough, K.M. (1997) Geochemistry of Gardar intrusions in the Ivigtut area, South Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, UK.
35. Goodenough, K.M., Upton, B.G.J. and Ellam, R.M. (2000) Geochemical evolution of the Ivigtut granite, South Greenland. Lithos, 51, 205-221.
36. Goodenough, K.M., Upton, B.G.J. and Ellam, R.M. (2002) Long-term memory of subduction processes in lithospheric mantle: evidence from the geochemistry of basic dykes in the Gardar Province of South Greenland. Journal of the Geological Society, 159, 705-714.
37. Harmer, R.E. and Gittins, J. (1997) The origin of dolomitic carbonatites: field and experimental constraints. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25, 5-28.
38. Harmer, R.E. and Gittins, J. (1998) The case for primary, mantle-derived carbonatite magma. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1895-903.
39. Hayward, C.L. and Jones, A.P. (1991) Cathodoluminescence petrography of Middle Proterozoic extrusive carbonatite from Qasiarsuk, South Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine, 55, 591-603.
40. Hoernle, K., Tilton, G., Le Bas, M.J., Duggan, S. and Garbe-Schönberg, D. (2002) Geochemistry of oceanic carbonatites compared with continental carbonatites: mantle recycling of oceanic crustal carbonate. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 142, 520-542.
41. Keller, J. and Hoefs, J. (1995) Stable isotope characteristics of recent natrocarbonatites from Oldoinyo Lengai. Pp. 113-123 in: Carbonatite Volcanism: Oldoinyo Lengai and the Petrogenesis of Natrocarbonatites (K. Bell and J. Keller, editors). IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 4. Springer, Berlin.
42. Kjarsgaard, B.A. and Hamilton, D.L. (1988) Liquid immiscibility and the origin of alkali-poor carbonatites. Mineralogical Magazine, 52, 43-55.
43. Kjarsgaard, B.A. and Hamilton, D.L. (1989) The genesis of carbonatites by immiscibility. Pp. 388-404 in: Carbonatites - Genesis and Evolution (K. Bell, editor). Unwin Hyman, London.
44. Kwon, S.-T., Tilton, G.R. and Grünenfelder, M.H. (1989) Lead isotope relationships in carbonatites and alkalic complexes: an overview. Pp. 360-387 in: Carbonatites - Genesis and Evolution (K. Bell, editor). Unwin Hyman, London.
45. Leat, P.T., Riley, T.R., Storey, B.C., Kelley, S.P. and Millar, I.L. (2000) Middle Jurassic ultramafic lamprophyre dyke within the Ferrar magmatic province, Pensacola Mountains. Antarctica. Mineralogical Magazine, 64, 95-111.
46. Le Maitre, R.W., editor (1989) A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
47. Martin, A.R. (1985) The evolution of the Tugtutoq-Ilímaussaq-Dyke swarm, Southwest Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, UK.
48. McDonough, W.F. and Sun, S.-S. (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120, 223-255.
49. Nelson, D.R., Chivas, A.R., Chappell, B.W. and McCullogh, M.T. (1998) Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 1-17.
50. Nielsen, T.F.D. and Buchardt, B. (1985) Sr-C-O isotopes in nephelinitic rocks and carbonatites, Gardiner Complex, Tertiary of East Greenland. Chemical Geology, 53, 207-217.
51. Paslick, C.R., Halliday, A.N., Davies, G.R., Mezger, K. and Upton, B.G.J. (1993) Timing of Proterozoic magmatism in the Gardar Province, southern Greenland Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105, 272-278.
52. Patchett, P.J. (1977) Rb-Sr geochronology and geochemistry of Proterozoic basic intrusions in Sweden and South Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, UK.
53. Pauly, H. (1960) Paragenetic relations in the main cryolite ore of Ivigtut, South-Greenland. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 121-139. Also reprinted as: Grønlands geologiske Undersøgelse, Misc. Paper 23, (1960).
54. Pauly, H. and Bailey, J.C. (1999) Genesis and evolution of the Ivigtut cryolite deposit, SW Greenland. Meddelser om Grønland, Geoscience, 37, 60 pp.
55. Pearce, N.J.G. (1988) The petrology and geochemistry of the Igaliko Dyke swarm, South Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Durham, UK.
56. Pearce, N.J.G. and Leng, M.J. (1996) The origin of carbonatites and related rocks from the Igaliko Dyke Swarm, Gardar Province, South Greenland: field, geochemical and C-O-Sr-Nd isotope evidence. Lithos, 39, 21-40.
57. Pearce, N.J.G., Leng, M.J., Emeleus, C.H. and Bedford, C.M. (1997) The origins of carbonatites and related rocks from the Grønnedal-Íka Nepheline Syenite complex, South Greenland: C-O-Sr isotope evidence. Mineralogical Magazine, 61, 515-529.
58. Pinneau, F., Javoy, M. and Allègre, C.J. (1973) Etude systematique des isotopes de l'oxygene, du carbone et du strontium dans les carbonatites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 2363-2377.
59. Piper, J.D.A., Thomas, D.N., Share, S. and Zhang Qi Ruo (1999) The palaeomagnetism of (Mesoproterozoic) Eriksfjord Group red beds, South Greenland: multiphase remagnetization during the Gardar and Grenville episodes. Geophysical Journal International, 136, 739-56.
60. Ray, J.S., Ramesh, R. and Pande (1999) Carbon isotopes in Kerguelen plume-derived carbonatites: evidence for recycled inorganic carbon. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 170, 205-214.
61. Reid, D.L. and Cooper, A.F. (1992) Oxygen and carbon isotope patterns in the Dicker Willem carbonatite complex, southern Namibia. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section), 94, 293-305.
62. Rock, N.M.S. (1987) The nature and origin of lamprophyres: an overview. Pp. 191-226 in: Alkaline Igneous Rocks (J.G. Fitton and B.G.J. Upton, editors), Geological Society of London, Special Publication 30, Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
63. Schleicher, H., Kramm, U., Pernicka, F., Schidlowski, M., Schmidt, F.V., Todt, S.W. and Viladkar, S.G. (1998) Enriched subcontinental upper mantle beneath southern India: evidence from Pb, Nd, Sr and C-O isotopic studies on Tamil Nadu carbonatites. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1765-1785.
64. Stewart, J.W. (1964) The Early Gardar Igneous rocks of the Ilímaussaq area, South Greenland. PhD thesis, University of Durham, UK.
65. Stewart, J.W. (1970) Precambrian alkaline-ultramafic/carbonatite volcanism at Qagssiarssuk, South Greenland. Rapport Gronland geologiske Undersogelse, 84, (also Meddelelser om Gronland, 186, (4) 70 pp.
66. Upton, B.G.J. (1991) Gardar mantle xenoliths: Igdlutalik, South Greenland. Rapport, Gronlands geologiske Undersogelse, 150, 37-43.
67. Upton, B.G.J. and Blundell, D.J. (1978) The Gardar Igneous Province: evidence for Proterozoic rifting. Pp. 163-172 in: Petrology and Geochemistry of Continental Rifts (E.R. Neumann and I.B. Ramberg, editors). D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
68. Upton, B.G.J. and Emeleus, C.H. (1987) Mid Proterozoic alkaline magmatism in southern Greenland. Pp. 449-471 in: Alkaline Igneous Rocks (J.G. Fitton and B.G.J. Upton, editors). Geological Society of London, Special Publication 30, Blackwells, Oxford, UK.
69. Upton, B.G.J. and Fitton, J.G. (1985) Gardar Dykes North of the Igaliko Syenite Complex, Southern Greenland. Rapport, Gronlands geologiske Undersogelse, 127.
70. Upton, B.G.J., Emeleus, C.H., Heaman, L.M., Goodenough, K.M. and Finch, A.A. (2003) Magmatism of the mid-Proterozoic Gardar Province, South Greenland: chronology, petrogenesis and geological setting. Lithos. 68, 43-65.
71. Viladkar, S. and Schidlowski, M. (2000) Carbon and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Amba Dongar carbonatite complex, Gujarat, India. Gondwana Research, 3, 415-424.
72. Wallace, M.E. and Green, D.H. (1988) An experimental determination of primary carbonatite magma composition. Nature, 335, 343-346.
73. Walton, B.J. (1965) Sanerutian appinitic rocks and Gardar dykes and diatremes, north of Narssarssuaq, South Greenland. Meddelelser om Gronland, 179, 191 pp.
74. Windley, B.F. (1991) Early Proterozoic collision tectonics, and rapakivi granites and intrusions in an extensional thrust-thickened crust: the Ketilidian orogen, South Greenland. Tectonophysics, 195, 1-10.
75. 2 at mantle pressures with geophysical and petrological applications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 54, 79-107.
76. Wyllie, P.J. and Lee, W.-J. (1998) Model system controls on conditions for formation of magnesiocarbonatite and calciocarbonatite magmas from the mantle. Journal of Petrology, 39, 1885-1893.