메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 751-762

Postoperative Pain Control in Children: A Guide to Drug Choice

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTIEMETIC AGENT; ANTIPYRETIC ANALGESIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; CLONIDINE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DEXAMETHASONE; DICLOFENAC; KETOPROFEN; KETOROLAC; LIDOCAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MEPIVACAINE; MORPHINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OPIATE; PARACETAMOL; PHENACETIN; ROPIVACAINE; TETRACAINE; TRAMADOL;

EID: 0344011574     PISSN: 11745878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00148581-200305110-00004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (74)
  • 2
    • 0032976434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injected morphine in postoperative pain: A quantitative systematic review
    • McQuay HJ, Carroll D, Moore RA. Injected morphine in postoperative pain: a quantitative systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999; 17: 164-74
    • (1999) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.17 , pp. 164-174
    • McQuay, H.J.1    Carroll, D.2    Moore, R.A.3
  • 3
    • 0029823647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine consumption in patients receiving rectal paracetamol and diclofenac alone and in combination
    • Montgomery JE, Sutherland CJ, Kestin IG, et al. Morphine consumption in patients receiving rectal paracetamol and diclofenac alone and in combination. Br J Anaesth 1996; 77: 445-7
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.77 , pp. 445-447
    • Montgomery, J.E.1    Sutherland, C.J.2    Kestin, I.G.3
  • 4
    • 0032897894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and diclofenac in children receiving PCA morphine
    • Morton N, O'Brien K. Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and diclofenac in children receiving PCA morphine. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82: 715-7
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.82 , pp. 715-717
    • Morton, N.1    O'Brien, K.2
  • 5
    • 0031724049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What we don't know about paracetamol in children
    • Anderson BJ. What we don't know about paracetamol in children. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8: 451-60
    • (1998) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.8 , pp. 451-460
    • Anderson, B.J.1
  • 6
    • 0033836669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reye syndrome revisited: A descriptive term covering a group of heterogeneous disorders
    • Casteels-Van Daele M, Van Geet C, Wouters C, et al. Reye syndrome revisited: a descriptive term covering a group of heterogeneous disorders. Eur J Pediatr 2000; 159: 641-8
    • (2000) Eur J Pediatr , vol.159 , pp. 641-648
    • Casteels-Van Daele, M.1    Van Geet, C.2    Wouters, C.3
  • 7
    • 0032934645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in children
    • Anderson BJ, Holford NH, Woollard GA, et al. Perioperative pharmacodynamics of acetaminophen analgesia in children. Anesthesiology 1999; 90: 411-21
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 411-421
    • Anderson, B.J.1    Holford, N.H.2    Woollard, G.A.3
  • 8
    • 0036263991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetaminophen developmental pharmacokinetics in premature neonates and infants: A pooled population analysis
    • Anderson BJ, van Lingen RA, Hansen TG, et al. Acetaminophen developmental pharmacokinetics in premature neonates and infants: a pooled population analysis. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1336-45
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 1336-1345
    • Anderson, B.J.1    Van Lingen, R.A.2    Hansen, T.G.3
  • 9
    • 0030720970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery
    • Granry JC, Rod B, Monrigal JP, et al. The analgesic efficacy of an injectable prodrug of acetaminophen in children after orthopaedic surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 1997; 7: 445-9
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 445-449
    • Granry, J.C.1    Rod, B.2    Monrigal, J.P.3
  • 10
    • 0033040274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rectally administered paracetamol in preterm neonates
    • van Lingen RA, Deinum JT, Quak JM, et al. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rectally administered paracetamol in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999; 80: F59-63
    • (1999) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed , vol.80
    • Van Lingen, R.A.1    Deinum, J.T.2    Quak, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 0025826953 scopus 로고
    • Paracetamol poisoning in children and hepatotoxicity
    • Penna A, Buchanan N. Paracetamol poisoning in children and hepatotoxicity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 32: 143-9
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 143-149
    • Penna, A.1    Buchanan, N.2
  • 12
    • 0031917313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic misadventures with acetaminophen: Hepatotoxicity after multiple doses in children
    • Heubi JE, Barbacci MB, Zimmerman HJ. Therapeutic misadventures with acetaminophen: hepatotoxicity after multiple doses in children. J Pediatr 1998; 132: 22-7
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.132 , pp. 22-27
    • Heubi, J.E.1    Barbacci, M.B.2    Zimmerman, H.J.3
  • 14
    • 0032772713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure in a child after 5 days of therapeutic doses
    • Morton NS, Arana A. Paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure in a child after 5 days of therapeutic doses. Paediatr Anaesth 1999; 9: 463-5
    • (1999) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.9 , pp. 463-465
    • Morton, N.S.1    Arana, A.2
  • 15
    • 0037015528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children
    • Berde CB, Sethna NF. Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1094-103
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1094-1103
    • Berde, C.B.1    Sethna, N.F.2
  • 16
    • 0025254354 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of intravenous diclofenac sodium in children
    • Korpela R, Olkkola KT. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous diclofenac sodium in children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 38: 293-5
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 293-295
    • Korpela, R.1    Olkkola, K.T.2
  • 18
    • 0026034489 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of postoperative intravenous ketorolac tromethamine in children
    • Olkkola KT, Maunuksela EL. The pharmacokinetics of postoperative intravenous ketorolac tromethamine in children. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31: 182-4
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 182-184
    • Olkkola, K.T.1    Maunuksela, E.L.2
  • 19
    • 0026489914 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics and antipyretic response
    • Kauffman RE, Nelson MV. Effect of age on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics and antipyretic response. J Pediatr 1992; 121: 969-73
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.121 , pp. 969-973
    • Kauffman, R.E.1    Nelson, M.V.2
  • 20
    • 0033638767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen syrup in small children
    • Kokki H, Le Liboux A, Jekunen A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen syrup in small children. J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 40: 354-9
    • (2000) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 354-359
    • Kokki, H.1    Le Liboux, A.2    Jekunen, A.3
  • 22
    • 0030814490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peri-operative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children: Analgesic efficacy and bleeding
    • Romsing J, Walther-Larsen S. Peri-operative use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children: analgesic efficacy and bleeding. Anaesthesia 1997; 52: 673-83
    • (1997) Anaesthesia , vol.52 , pp. 673-683
    • Romsing, J.1    Walther-Larsen, S.2
  • 23
    • 0033729001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin and asthma
    • Babu KS, Salvi SS. Aspirin and asthma. Chest 2000; 118: 1470-6
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 1470-1476
    • Babu, K.S.1    Salvi, S.S.2
  • 24
    • 0034042223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of diclofenac in children with asthma
    • Short JA, Barr CA, Palmer CD, et al. Use of diclofenac in children with asthma. Anaesthesia 2000; 55: 334-7
    • (2000) Anaesthesia , vol.55 , pp. 334-337
    • Short, J.A.1    Barr, C.A.2    Palmer, C.D.3
  • 25
    • 0028360191 scopus 로고
    • Ibuprofen in the treatment of postoperative pain in small children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study
    • Kokki H, Hendolin H, Maunuksela EL, et al. Ibuprofen in the treatment of postoperative pain in small children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1994; 38: 467-72
    • (1994) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.38 , pp. 467-472
    • Kokki, H.1    Hendolin, H.2    Maunuksela, E.L.3
  • 26
    • 0029127619 scopus 로고
    • The effect of a combination of rectal diclofenac and caudal bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in children
    • Gadiyar V, Gallagher TM, Crean PM, et al. The effect of a combination of rectal diclofenac and caudal bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in children. Anaesthesia 1995; 50: 820-2
    • (1995) Anaesthesia , vol.50 , pp. 820-822
    • Gadiyar, V.1    Gallagher, T.M.2    Crean, P.M.3
  • 27
    • 0026984739 scopus 로고
    • Do the pharmacodynamics of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suggest a role in the management of postoperative pain?
    • Mather LE. Do the pharmacodynamics of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suggest a role in the management of postoperative pain? Drugs 1992; 44: 1-13
    • (1992) Drugs , vol.44 , pp. 1-13
    • Mather, L.E.1
  • 28
    • 0032902380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of intravenous ketoprofen on postoperative epidural sufentanil analgesia in children
    • Kokki H, Tuovinen K, Hendolin H. The effect of intravenous ketoprofen on postoperative epidural sufentanil analgesia in children. Anesth Analg 1999; 88: 1036-41
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 1036-1041
    • Kokki, H.1    Tuovinen, K.2    Hendolin, H.3
  • 29
    • 0033835471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The feasibility of pain treatment at home after adenoidectomy with ketoprofen tablets in small children
    • Kokki H, Nikanne E, Ahonen R. The feasibility of pain treatment at home after adenoidectomy with ketoprofen tablets in small children. Paediatr Anaesth 2000; 10: 531-5
    • (2000) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.10 , pp. 531-535
    • Kokki, H.1    Nikanne, E.2    Ahonen, R.3
  • 30
    • 0030920673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketorolac for postoperative pain management in children
    • Forrest JB, Heitlinger EL, Revell S. Ketorolac for postoperative pain management in children. Drug Saf 1997; 16: 309-29
    • (1997) Drug Saf , vol.16 , pp. 309-329
    • Forrest, J.B.1    Heitlinger, E.L.2    Revell, S.3
  • 31
    • 0002416272 scopus 로고
    • PCA in paediatric orthopaedic patients: Influence of a NSAID on morphine requirement
    • Teira HMO. PCA in paediatric orthopaedic patients: influence of a NSAID on morphine requirement. Paediatr Anaesth 1994; 4: 87-91
    • (1994) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.4 , pp. 87-91
    • Teira, H.M.O.1
  • 32
    • 0035209265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children: A comparison with paracetamol
    • Litalien C, Jacqz-Aigrain E. Risks and benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children: a comparison with paracetamol. Paediatr Drugs 2001; 3: 817-58
    • (2001) Paediatr Drugs , vol.3 , pp. 817-858
    • Litalien, C.1    Jacqz-Aigrain, E.2
  • 33
    • 0036199016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel concepts for analgesia in pediatric surgical patients: Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, alpha 2-agonists, and opioids
    • Farrar MW, Lerman J. Novel concepts for analgesia in pediatric surgical patients: cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, alpha 2-agonists, and opioids. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2002; 20: 59-82
    • (2002) Anesthesiol Clin North Am , vol.20 , pp. 59-82
    • Farrar, M.W.1    Lerman, J.2
  • 34
    • 0030021892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral clonidine premedication reduces postoperative pain in children
    • Mikawa K, Nishina K, Maekawa N, et al. Oral clonidine premedication reduces postoperative pain in children. Anesth Analg 1996; 82: 225-30
    • (1996) Anesth Analg , vol.82 , pp. 225-230
    • Mikawa, K.1    Nishina, K.2    Maekawa, N.3
  • 35
    • 0033762381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetaminophen versus acetaminophen with codeine after pediatric tonsillectomy
    • Moir MS, Bair E, Shinnick P, et al. Acetaminophen versus acetaminophen with codeine after pediatric tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope 2000; 110: 1824-7
    • (2000) Laryngoscope , vol.110 , pp. 1824-1827
    • Moir, M.S.1    Bair, E.2    Shinnick, P.3
  • 36
    • 0033893537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tramadol: A review of its use in perioperative pain
    • Scott LJ, Perry CM. Tramadol: a review of its use in perioperative pain. Drugs 2000; 60: 139-76
    • (2000) Drugs , vol.60 , pp. 139-176
    • Scott, L.J.1    Perry, C.M.2
  • 37
    • 0032803739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of epidural morphine, hydromorphone and fentanyl for postoperative pain control in children undergoing orthopaedic surgery
    • Goodarzi M. Comparison of epidural morphine, hydromorphone and fentanyl for postoperative pain control in children undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 1999; 9: 419-22
    • (1999) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.9 , pp. 419-422
    • Goodarzi, M.1
  • 38
    • 0035096083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effect of low-dose intrathecal morphine after spinal fusion in children
    • Gall O, Aubineau JV, Berniere J, et al. Analgesic effect of low-dose intrathecal morphine after spinal fusion in children. Anesthesiology 2001; 94: 447-52
    • (2001) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 447-452
    • Gall, O.1    Aubineau, J.V.2    Berniere, J.3
  • 39
    • 0031044811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommended use of morphine in neonates, infants and children based on a literature review (part I): Pharmacokinetics
    • Kart T, Christrup LL, Rasmussen M. Recommended use of morphine in neonates, infants and children based on a literature review (part I): pharmacokinetics. Paediatr Anaesth 1997; 7: 5-11
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 5-11
    • Kart, T.1    Christrup, L.L.2    Rasmussen, M.3
  • 40
    • 0036424689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children
    • Negri PD, Ivani G. Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. Paediatr Drugs 2002; 4: 717-28
    • (2002) Paediatr Drugs , vol.4 , pp. 717-728
    • Negri, P.D.1    Ivani, G.2
  • 41
    • 0023195220 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of continuous morphine infusion for postoperative analgesia in the paediatric surgical ward
    • Beasley SW, Tibballs J. Efficacy and safety of continuous morphine infusion for postoperative analgesia in the paediatric surgical ward. Aust NZ J Surg 1987; 57: 233-7
    • (1987) Aust NZ J Surg , vol.57 , pp. 233-237
    • Beasley, S.W.1    Tibballs, J.2
  • 42
    • 0026022896 scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled analgesia in children and adolescents: A randomized, prospective comparison with intramuscular administration of morphine for postoperative analgesia
    • Berde CB, Lehn BM, Yee JD, et al. Patient-controlled analgesia in children and adolescents: a randomized, prospective comparison with intramuscular administration of morphine for postoperative analgesia. J Pediatr 1991; 118: 460-6
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.118 , pp. 460-466
    • Berde, C.B.1    Lehn, B.M.2    Yee, J.D.3
  • 43
    • 0027423537 scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled analgesia with low dose background infusions after lower abdominal surgery in children
    • Doyle E, Harper I, Morton NS. Patient-controlled analgesia with low dose background infusions after lower abdominal surgery in children. Br J Anaesth 1993; 71: 818-22
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 818-822
    • Doyle, E.1    Harper, I.2    Morton, N.S.3
  • 44
    • 0036967605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ropivacaine-fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia with morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for perioperative analgesia and recovery after open colon surgery
    • Steinberg RB, Liu SS, Wu CL, et al. Comparison of ropivacaine-fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia with morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for perioperative analgesia and recovery after open colon surgery. J Clin Anesth 2002; 14: 571-7
    • (2002) J Clin Anesth , vol.14 , pp. 571-577
    • Steinberg, R.B.1    Liu, S.S.2    Wu, C.L.3
  • 45
    • 0024356857 scopus 로고
    • The dose response of caudal morphine in children
    • Krane EJ, Tyler DC, Jacobson LE. The dose response of caudal morphine in children. Anesthesiology 1989; 71: 48-52
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.71 , pp. 48-52
    • Krane, E.J.1    Tyler, D.C.2    Jacobson, L.E.3
  • 46
    • 0035181886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine with or without a local anaesthetic for postoperative intrathecal pain treatment after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children
    • Hesselgard K, Stromblad LG, Reinstrup P. Morphine with or without a local anaesthetic for postoperative intrathecal pain treatment after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2001; 11: 75-9
    • (2001) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.11 , pp. 75-79
    • Hesselgard, K.1    Stromblad, L.G.2    Reinstrup, P.3
  • 47
    • 0027473453 scopus 로고
    • Pain relief for infants undergoing abdominal surgery: Comparison of infusions of iv morphine and extradural bupivacaine
    • Wolf AR, Hughes D. Pain relief for infants undergoing abdominal surgery: comparison of infusions of iv morphine and extradural bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 10-6
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.70 , pp. 10-16
    • Wolf, A.R.1    Hughes, D.2
  • 48
    • 0027160264 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of local anesthetics in infants and children
    • Berde CB. Toxicity of local anesthetics in infants and children. J Pediatr 1993; 122 (5 Pt 2): 14-20
    • (1993) J Pediatr , vol.122 , Issue.5 PART 2 , pp. 14-20
    • Berde, C.B.1
  • 49
    • 0030020458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ropivacaine
    • McClure JH. Ropivacaine. Br J Anaesth 1996; 76: 300-7
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.76 , pp. 300-307
    • McClure, J.H.1
  • 50
    • 0033865469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of caudal ropivacaine 0.2% in children: A study of infants aged less than 1 year and toddlers aged 1-5 years undergoing inguinal hernia repair
    • Wulf H, Peters C, Behnke H. The pharmacokinetics of caudal ropivacaine 0.2% in children: a study of infants aged less than 1 year and toddlers aged 1-5 years undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Anaesthesia 2000; 55: 757-60
    • (2000) Anaesthesia , vol.55 , pp. 757-760
    • Wulf, H.1    Peters, C.2    Behnke, H.3
  • 51
    • 0024538109 scopus 로고
    • Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery: Success rate and adverse effects in 750 consecutive patients
    • Dalens B, Hasnaoui A. Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery: success rate and adverse effects in 750 consecutive patients. Anesth Analg 1989; 68: 83-9
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.68 , pp. 83-89
    • Dalens, B.1    Hasnaoui, A.2
  • 52
  • 53
    • 0033824329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ropivacaine 0.1 % and 0.2% with bupivacaine 0.2% for single-shot caudal anaesthesia in children
    • Luz G, Innerhofer P, Haussler B, et al. Comparison of ropivacaine 0.1 % and 0.2% with bupivacaine 0.2% for single-shot caudal anaesthesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2000; 10: 499-504
    • (2000) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.10 , pp. 499-504
    • Luz, G.1    Innerhofer, P.2    Haussler, B.3
  • 54
    • 0028802586 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of adrenaline, clonidine and ketamine on the duration of caudal analgesia produced by bupivacaine in children
    • Cook B, Grubb DJ, Aldridge LA, et al. Comparison of the effects of adrenaline, clonidine and ketamine on the duration of caudal analgesia produced by bupivacaine in children. Br J Anaesth 1995; 75: 698-701
    • (1995) Br J Anaesth , vol.75 , pp. 698-701
    • Cook, B.1    Grubb, D.J.2    Aldridge, L.A.3
  • 55
    • 0031784679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural analgesia for major neonatal surgery
    • Bosenberg AT. Epidural analgesia for major neonatal surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8: 479-83
    • (1998) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.8 , pp. 479-483
    • Bosenberg, A.T.1
  • 56
    • 0033918859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional anesthesia in pediatrics
    • Markakis DA. Regional anesthesia in pediatrics. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2000; 18: 355-81
    • (2000) Anesthesiol Clin North Am , vol.18 , pp. 355-381
    • Markakis, D.A.1
  • 57
    • 0023885770 scopus 로고
    • Paediatric postoperative analgesia: A comparison between caudal block and wound infiltration of local anaesthetic
    • Fell D, Derrington MC, Taylor E, et al. Paediatric postoperative analgesia: a comparison between caudal block and wound infiltration of local anaesthetic. Anaesthesia 1988; 43: 107-10
    • (1988) Anaesthesia , vol.43 , pp. 107-110
    • Fell, D.1    Derrington, M.C.2    Taylor, E.3
  • 58
    • 0030778289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous paravertebral block for post thoracotomy analgesia in children
    • Torino
    • Shah R, Sabanathan S, Richardson J, et al. Continuous paravertebral block for post thoracotomy analgesia in children. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1997; 38: 543-6
    • (1997) J Cardiovasc Surg , vol.38 , pp. 543-546
    • Shah, R.1    Sabanathan, S.2    Richardson, J.3
  • 59
    • 0024584288 scopus 로고
    • A new method of analgesia for relief of circumcision pain
    • Andersen KH. A new method of analgesia for relief of circumcision pain. Anaesthesia 1989; 44: 118-20
    • (1989) Anaesthesia , vol.44 , pp. 118-120
    • Andersen, K.H.1
  • 60
    • 0031794910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjunctive intra-operative local anaesthesia in paediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized controlled trial
    • Carden SM, Colville DJ, Davidson AJ, et al. Adjunctive intra-operative local anaesthesia in paediatric strabismus surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1998; 26: 289-97
    • (1998) Aust NZ J Ophthalmol , vol.26 , pp. 289-297
    • Carden, S.M.1    Colville, D.J.2    Davidson, A.J.3
  • 61
    • 0030920191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain and activity disturbance after paediatric day case adenoidectomy
    • Kokki H, Ahonen R. Pain and activity disturbance after paediatric day case adenoidectomy. Paediatr Anaesth 1997; 7: 227-31
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 227-231
    • Kokki, H.1    Ahonen, R.2
  • 62
    • 0031749346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain progression, intensity and outcomes following tonsillectomy
    • Warnock FF, Lander J. Pain progression, intensity and outcomes following tonsillectomy. Pain 1998; 75: 37-45
    • (1998) Pain , vol.75 , pp. 37-45
    • Warnock, F.F.1    Lander, J.2
  • 63
    • 0031775866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of acetaminophen for outpatient management of postoperative pain in children
    • Romsing J, Hertel S, Harder A, et al. Examination of acetaminophen for outpatient management of postoperative pain in children. Paediatr Anaesth 1998; 8: 235-9
    • (1998) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.8 , pp. 235-239
    • Romsing, J.1    Hertel, S.2    Harder, A.3
  • 64
    • 0035113313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dexamethasone on post-operative vomiting after tonsillectomy
    • Aouad MT, Siddik SS, Rizk LB, et al. The effect of dexamethasone on post-operative vomiting after tonsillectomy. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 636-40
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.92 , pp. 636-640
    • Aouad, M.T.1    Siddik, S.S.2    Rizk, L.B.3
  • 67
    • 84921430307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy
    • [database on disk and CD ROM]. Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; Oxford: Update Software
    • Hollis LJ, Burton MJ, Millar JM. Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy. Available in The Cochrane Library [database on disk and CD ROM]. Updated quarterly. The Cochrane Collaboration; issue 2. Oxford: Update Software, 2000
    • (2000) The Cochrane Library , Issue.2
    • Hollis, L.J.1    Burton, M.J.2    Millar, J.M.3
  • 68
    • 0030060952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parents' management of children's pain following 'minor' surgery
    • Finley GA, McGrath PJ, Forward SP, et al. Parents' management of children's pain following 'minor' surgery. Pain 1996; 64: 83-7
    • (1996) Pain , vol.64 , pp. 83-87
    • Finley, G.A.1    McGrath, P.J.2    Forward, S.P.3
  • 69
    • 0032895329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative comfort in paediatric outpatient surgery
    • Kokinsky E, Thornberg E, Ostlund AL, et al. Postoperative comfort in paediatric outpatient surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 1999; 9: 243-51
    • (1999) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.9 , pp. 243-251
    • Kokinsky, E.1    Thornberg, E.2    Ostlund, A.L.3
  • 70
    • 0030012626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of subcutaneous ring block of the penis with caudal epidural block for post-circumcision analgesia in children
    • Irwin MG, Cheng W. Comparison of subcutaneous ring block of the penis with caudal epidural block for post-circumcision analgesia in children. Anaesth Intensive Care 1996; 24: 365-7
    • (1996) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.24 , pp. 365-367
    • Irwin, M.G.1    Cheng, W.2
  • 71
    • 0032900310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroperative treatment with iv ketoprofen reduces pain and vomiting in children after strabismus surgery
    • Kokki H, Homan E, Tuovinen K, et al. Peroperative treatment with iv ketoprofen reduces pain and vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999; 43: 13-8
    • (1999) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.43 , pp. 13-18
    • Kokki, H.1    Homan, E.2    Tuovinen, K.3
  • 72
    • 0030923309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diclofenac vs oxybuprocaine eyedrops for analgesia in paediatric strabismus surgery
    • Morton NS, Benham SW, Lawson RA, et al. Diclofenac vs oxybuprocaine eyedrops for analgesia in paediatric strabismus surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 1997; 7: 221-6
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 221-226
    • Morton, N.S.1    Benham, S.W.2    Lawson, R.A.3
  • 73
    • 0034107740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic requirements for appendicectomy: The differences between adults and children
    • Lambert AW, Mayor A. Analgesic requirements for appendicectomy: the differences between adults and children. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2000; 82: 111-2
    • (2000) Ann R Coll Surg Engl , vol.82 , pp. 111-112
    • Lambert, A.W.1    Mayor, A.2
  • 74
    • 0035085786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative epidural analgesia in children after major orthopaedic surgery: A randomised study of the effect on PONV of two anaesthetic techniques: Low and high dose iv fentanyl and epidural infusions with and without fentanyl
    • Lovstad RZ, Stoen R. Postoperative epidural analgesia in children after major orthopaedic surgery: a randomised study of the effect on PONV of two anaesthetic techniques: low and high dose iv fentanyl and epidural infusions with and without fentanyl. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45: 482-8
    • (2001) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.45 , pp. 482-488
    • Lovstad, R.Z.1    Stoen, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.