Medical evaluation and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 671-688

  Petit, William A ^a   Upender, Raghu P ^a  

^a NEW BRITAIN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMITRIPTYLINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CODEINE; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; DOCUSATE SODIUM; HYDROCODONE; HYDROMORPHONE; HYPNOTIC AGENT; IBUPROFEN; IMIPRAMINE; MACROGOL; MELATONIN; NARCOTIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; NORTRIPTYLINE; OPIATE; OXYCODONE; PARACETAMOL; PETHIDINE; SENNA EXTRACT; SULINDAC; TOPICAL AGENT; TRAMADOL; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZOLPIDEM;

ANALGESIA; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSTIPATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG METABOLISM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; MICTURITION DISORDER; ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; PAIN; PATHOLOGY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SEDATION; SENSORIMOTOR NEUROPATHY; SENSORY SYSTEM EXAMINATION; SIDE EFFECT; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; XEROSTOMIA;

EID: 0242664962     PISSN: 08918422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0891-8422(03)00068-5     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. The Hellmut Mehnert Award Workshop Participants. On your feet! Workshop on the diabetic foot. J Diabetes Complications 2002;16:183-94.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes in the United States. Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1999.
3. Proceedings of a consensus development conference on standardized measures in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1080-107
4. Harris M, Eastman R, Cowie C. Symptoms of sensory neuropathy in adults with NIDDM in the US population. Diabetes Care 1993;16(11):1446-52.
5. Maser RE, Steenkiste AR, Dorman JS, et al. Epidemiological correlates of diabetic neuropathy: report from Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes 1989; 38(11):1456.
6. Dyck PJ, Kratz KM, Karnes JL, et al. The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Neurology 1993;43:817-24.
7. Dyck PJ, et al. Variables influencing neuropathic endpoints. The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study of Healthy Subjects. Neurology 1995;45:1115-21.
8. Young MJ, Boulton AJM, Macleod AF, et al. A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population. Diabetologia 1993;36:150-4.
9. Walter DP, Gatling W, Mullee MA, et al. The prevalence of diabetic distal sensory neuropathy in an English community. Diabet Med 1992;9(4):349.
10. Veglio M, Sivieri R. Prevalence of neuropathy in IDDM patients in Piemonte, Italy. Diabetes Care 1993;16(2):456.
11. Knuiman MW, Welborn TA, McCann VJ, et al. Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors. Diabetes 1986;35(12):1332.
12. Melton JL, Dyck PJ. Epidemiology. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, editors. Diabetic neuropathy. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p. 239-54.
13. Pirat J. Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Part 1. Diabetes Care 1978;1(3):168.
14. Pirat J. Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Part 2. Diabetes Care 1978;1(4):252.
15. The DCCT Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86.
16. Dyck PJ, Lais A, Lames JL, et al. Fiber loss is primary and multifocal in sural nerves in diabetic polyneuropathy. Ann Neurol 1986;19:425.
17. Dyck PJB, Dyck PJ. Diabetic polyneuroapthy. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, editors. Diabetic neuropathy. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p. 255-78.
18. Taylor BV, Dyck PJ. Classification of the diabetic neuroapthies. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, editors. Diabetic neuropathy. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p. 407-14.
19. Smith BE. Cranial neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, editors. Diabetic neuropathy. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p. 458.
20. Boulton AJ, Drury J, Clarke D, Ward JD. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in management of painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1982;5:386-90.
21. Feldman EL, Stevens MJ, Thomas PK, et al. A practical two-step quantitative clinical and electrophysiological assessment for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1994;17(11):1281-9.
22. Tesfaye S, Malik R, Harris N, et al. Arterio-venous shunting and proliferating new vessels in acute painful neuropathy or rapid glycaemic control (insulin neuritis). Diabetalogia 1996;39:329-35.
23. Simmons Z, Feldman EL. Update on diabetic neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol 2002;15: 595-603.
24. Dyck PJ, Hansen S, Kames J, et al. Capillary number and percentage closed in human diabetic sural nerve. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82:2513.
25. Dyck PJ. Detection, characterization, and staging of polyneuropathy: assessed in diabetics. Muscle Nerve 1988;11:21-32.
26. Edwards K, Glantz MJ, Button J. Efficacy and safety of topiramate in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy; a double-blind placebo-controlled trial [abstract]. Neurology 2000;S4:A81.
27. Giannini A, Dyck PJ. Pathologic alterations in human diabetic neuroapthy. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, editors. Diabetic neuropathy. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p. 279-96.
28. Dyck PJ, Zimmerman IR, O'Brian PC, et al. Introduction of automated systems to evaluate touch-pressure, vibration, and thermal cutaneous sensation in man. Ann Neurol 1978;4:502.
29. McQuay H, Carroll D, Jadad AR, et al. Anticonvulsant drugs for management of pain: a systematic review. BMJ 1995;311(7012):1047-52.
30. Lozeron P, Nahu L, Lacroix C, et al. Symptomatic diabetic and non-diabetic neuropathies in a series of 100 diabetic patients. J Neurol 2002;249:569-75.
31. Timperley WR, Boulton AJM, Davies-Jones GAB, et al. Small vessel disease in progressive diabetic neuropathy associated with good metabolic control. J Clin Pathol 1985;38:1030.
32. Timperley WR, Ward JD, Preston FE, et al. Clinical and histological studies in diabetic neuropathy: a reassessment of vascular factors in relation to intravascular coagulation. Diabetologia 1976; 12:237.
33. Vital C, LeBlanc M, Vallat JM, et al. Ultrastructural study of peripheral nerve in 16 diabetics without neuropathy: comparisons with 16 diabetic neuropathies and 16 non-diabetic neuropathies. Acta Neuropathologie (Berl) 1974;30:63.
34. Willliams E, Timperley WR, Ward JD, et al. Electron microscopic studies of vessels in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Clin Pathol 1980;33:462.
35. Brownlee M. Glycation and diabetic complications. Diabetes 1994;43(6):836-41.
36. Johnson PC, Doll SC, Cromey DW. Pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 1986; 19:450.
37. Feldman EL. Oxidative stress and diabetic neuropathy: a new understanding of an old problem. J Clin Invest 2003;111(4):431-3.
38. Tanenberg RJ, Schumer MP, Greene D, Pfeifer MA. Neuropathic problems of lower extremities in diabetic patients. In: Bowker JH, Pfeifer MA, editors. Levin and O'Neal's: the diabetic foot. 6th edition. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2001. p. 33-64.
39. Hata Y, Rook SL, Aiello LP. Basic fibroblast growth factor induces expression of VEGF receptor KDR through a protein kinase C and p44/p42 mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Diabetes 1999;48:1145-55.
40. Danis RP, Bingaman DP, Jirousek M, Yang Y. Inhibition of intraocular neovascularization caused by retinal ischemia in pigs by PKC-beta inhibition with LY33351. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39:171-9.
41. The γ-Linolenic Acid Multicenter Trial Group. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with γ-linolenic acid. Diabetes Care 1993;16:8-15.
42. The DCCT Research Group. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(8):561-8.
43. UKPDS 33. Intensive blood glucose control with sulfonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1998; 352:837-53.
44. Archer AG, Roberts VC, Thomas PK, et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:491-9.
45. Ziegler D, Mayer P, Muhlen H, Gries FA. Assessment of small and large fibre function-term type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without diabetic neuropathy. Pain 1988;34: 1-10.
46. Dejgard A, Petersen P, Kastrup J. Mexiletine for treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Lancet 1988;1(8575-76):9-11.
47. Apfel SC, Schwartz S, Adomato BT, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant nerve growth factor in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000;284(17): 2215-21.
48. Stevens MJ, Feldman ML, Greene DA. The aetiology of diabetic neuropathy: the combined role of metabolic and vascular defects. Diabet Med 1995;12(7):566-79.
49. Nicolucci A, Carcini F, Cavaliere D, et al. A meta-analysis of trials on aldose reductase inhibitors in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabet Med 1996;13(12):1017-26.
50. Ziegler D, Hanefield M, Ruthnau KJ, et al. Treatment of symptomatic peripheral sensory neuropathy with the anti-oxidant alpha lipoic acid. Diabetalogia 1995;38:1425-33.
51. Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 1965;150:971-9.
52. Ziegler D, Hanefield M, Ruthnau KJ, et al. Treatment of symptomatic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alpha lipoic acid: a even month randomized controlled trial (ALADIN 111 study). Diabetes Care 1999;22:1296-301.
53. Cohen KL, Harris S. Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the therapy of diabetic neuropathy. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:1442-4.
54. Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, et al. Double-blind randomised trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 1998;50(6):1842-6.
55. Harati Y, et al. Maintenance of the long-term effectiveness of tramadol in the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Comp 2000;14:65-70.
56. Kvinesdal B, Molin J, Froland A, Gram LF. Imipramine treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. JAMA 1984;251(13):1227-730.
57. Max MB, Lynch SA, Muir J, et al. N Engl J Med 1992;326(19):1250-6.
58. Davis JL, Lewis SB, Gerich JE, et al. JAMA 1977;238(21):2291-2.
59. Sindrup SH, Gram LF, Brosen K, et al. Pain 1990;42(2):135-44.
60. Davis JL, Smith RL. Painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy treated with venlafaxine HCL extended release capsules [letter]. Diabetes Care 1999;22:1909-10.
61. Kiayias JA, Vlachou ED, Lakka-Papadodima E. Venlafaxine HCL in the treatment of painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy [letter]. Diabetes Care 2000;23:699.
62. Lithner. Venlafaxine in treatment of severe painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1710-1.
63. Chadda VS, Mathur VS. Double-blind study of the effects of diphenylhydantoin sodium on diabetic neuropathy. J Assoc Phys India 1978;26:403-6.
64. Saudek CD, Werns S, Reidenberg MM. Phenytoin in the treatment of symmetrical polyneuropathy. Clin Pharacol Ther 1977;22:196-9.
65. Rull J, Quibrera R, Gonzalez-Millan H, Lozano Castanada O. Symptomatic treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy with carbamazepine (Tegretol): double-blind crossover study. Diabetalogia 1969;5:215-20.
66. Chakrabarti AK, Samantaray SK. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: nerve conduction studies before, during and after carbamazepine therapy. Aust N Z Med 1976;6(6):565-8.
67. Tremont-Lukats IW, Megef C, Beckonja MM. Anti-convulsants for neuropathic pain syndromes - mechanism of action and place ion therapy. Drugs 2000;60:1029-52.
68. Backonja M, Beydoun A, Edwards KR, et al. Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled trial. JAMA 1998;280(21): 1831-6.
69. Morel CM, Neckband SG, Stoner CP, et al. Randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of gabapentin with amitriptyline on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159(16):1931-7.
70. Eisenberg E, Alon N, Ishay A, et al. Lamotrigine in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Eur J Neurol 1998;5:167-73.
71. Eisenberg E, Lurie Y, Braker C, et al. Lamotrigine reduces painful diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 2001;57:505-9.
72. Kastrup J, Petersen P, Dejard A, et al. Intravenous lidocaine infusion: a new treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 1987;28:69-75.
73. Oskarsson P, Ljungren JG, Lins PE. Efficacy and safety of mexiletine in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. The mexiletine study group. Diabetes Care 1997;20(10): 1594-7.
74. Stracke H, Meyer UE, Schumacher HE, Federlin K. Mexiletine in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Diab Care 1992;15(11):1550-5.
75. Wright JM, Oki JC, Graves L. Mexiletine in the symptomatic treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Ann Pharmacol Ther 1997;31:29-34.
76. Capsaicin Study Group. Effect of treatment with capsaicin on daily activities of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1992;15(2):159-65.
77. Zhang WY, Wan Po AL. The effectiveness of topically applied capsaicin: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharm 1994;46:517-22.
78. Amin P, Sturrock NDC. A pilot study of the beneficial effects of amantadine in the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diab Med 2003;20(2):114-8.
79. Vinik AI. Managing the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Medscape Diabetes Endocrinology 2001;3(1).
80. Byas-Smith MG, Max MB, Muir J, Kingman A. Transdermal clonidine compared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two-stage "enriched enrollment" design. Pain 1995;60: 267-74.
81. Kochar DK, Jain N, Agarwal RP, et al. Sodium valproate in the management of painful neuropathy in type 2 diabetes - a randomized placebo controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 106(5):248-52.
82. Malik RA, Williamson S, Abbott C, et al. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on human diabetic neuropathy: randomised double blind controlled trial. Lancet 1998;352(9145):1978-81.
83. Spruce MC, Potter J, Coppini DV. The pathogenesis and management of painful diabetic neuropathy review. Diabet Med 2003;20:88-98.
84. Cohen SM, Matthews T. Pentoxifylline in the treatment of distal diabetic neuropathy. Angiology 1991;42(9):741-6.
85. Yuen KCJ, Baker NR, Raman G. Treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy with isosorbide dinitrate spray. Diab Care 2003;25:1699-703.
86. Kumar D, Alvaro MS, Julka AS, Marshall HJ. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: effectiveness of electrotherapy and amitriptyline for symptomatic relief. Diabetes Care 1998;21(8):1322-5.
87. Kumar D, Marshall HJ. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: amelioration of pain with transcutaneous electrostimulation. Diabetes Care 1997;20(11):1702-5.