Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health: An Emergency Medicine Perspective

Academic Emergency Medicine

Volumn 10, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 1289-1293

  Blanchard, Janice C ^a   Haywood, Yolanda C ^b   Scott, Carol ^b  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Disparities; Insurance status; Race; Socioeconomic factors

Indexed keywords

DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; EMERGENCY MEDICINE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH INSURANCE; HUMAN; MINORITY GROUP; MORTALITY; POVERTY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 0242581646     PISSN: 10696563     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1197/S1069-6563(03)00501-3     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. Available from: www.healthypeople.gov. Accessed June 10, 2003.
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health. Available from: http://raceandhealth.hhs.gov/sidebars/sbinitOverhtm. Accessed June 10, 2003.
3. Wagener DK, Molla MT, Crimmins EM, et al. Summary measures of population health: addressing the first goal of Healthy People 2010, improving life expectancy. CDC Healthy People 2010 Statistical Notes. Sept 2001. No. 22.
4. Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR (eds). Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Board on Health Sciences Policy. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
5. Proctor BD, Dalakar J, US Census Bureau. Current Population Reports, P60-219: Poverty in the United States 2001. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2002.
6. Ayanian JZ, Weissman JS, Schneider EC, Ginsburg JA, Zaslavsky AM. Unmet health needs of uninsured adults in the United States. JAMA. 2000; 184:2061-9.
7. Forrest CB, Whelan EM. Primary care safety-net delivery sites in the United States: a comparison of community health centers, hospital outpatient departments, and physicians' offices. JAMA. 2000; 284:2077-83.
8. Oster A, Bindman AB. Emergency department visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: insights into preventable hospitalizations. Med Care. 2003; 41:198-207.
9. Insititute of Medicine Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance. Care Without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
10. Gornick ME, Eggers PW, Reilly TW, et al. Effects of race and income on mortality and use of services among Medicare beneficiaries. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335:791-9.
11. Ali S, Osberg JS. Differences in follow-up visits between African-American and white Medicaid children hospitalized with asthma. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 1997; 8:83-98.
12. Pourat N, Rice T, Kominski G, Snyder RE. Socioeconomic differences in Medicare supplemental coverage. Health Aff. 2000; 19:186-96.
13. Friedman PD, Jin L, Karrison TG, et al. Early revisit, hospitalization, or death among older persons discharged from the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2001; 19:125-9.
14. Carlisle DM, Leake BD, Brook RH, Shapiro MF. The effect of race and ethnicity on the use of selected health care procedures: a comparison of South Central Los Angeles and the remainder of Los Angeles county. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 1996; 7:308-22.
15. Sheifer SE, Escarce JJ, Schulman K. Race and sex differences in the management of coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2000; 139:848-57.
16. Pope JH, Aufderheide TP, Ruthazer R, et al. Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:1163-70.
17. Todd KH, Samaroo N, Hoffman JR. Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia. JAMA. 1993; 269:1537-9.
18. Todd KH, Lee T, Hoffman JR. The effect of ethnicity on physician estimates of pain severity in patients with isolated extremity trauma. JAMA. 1994; 271:925-8.
19. Todd KH, Deaton C, D'Adamo AP, Goe L. Ethnicity and analgesic practice. Ann Emerg Med. 2000; 35:11-6.
20. Epstein AM, Ayanian JZ. Racial disparities in medical care. N Engl J Med. 2001; 19:1471-3.
21. Schulman KA, Berlin JA, Harless W, et al. The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:618-26.
22. Schlesinger M, Druss B, Thomas T. No exit? The effect of health status on dissatisfaction and disenrollment from health plans. Health Serv Res. 1999; 34:547-76.
23. Saha S, Komaromy M, Koepsell TD, Bindman AB. Patient-physician racial concordance and the perceived quality and use of health care. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159:997-1004.
24. Cooper-Patrick L, Gallo JJ, Gonzalez JJ, et al. Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA. 1999; 282:583-9.
25. Komaromy M, Grumbach K, Drake M, et al. The role of black and hispanic patients in providing health care for underserved populations. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334:1305-10.
26. Moy E, Bartman B. Physician race and care of minority and medically indigent patients. JAMA. 1995; 273:1515-20.
27. Gray B, Stoddard J. Patient-physician pairing: does racial and ethnic congruity influence selection of a regular physician. J Commun Health. 1997; 22:247-59.
28. Martin ML. Applicant pool for emergency medicine residency programs: information on minority and female applicants. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 27:331-8.
29. Lavizzo-Mourey R, Mackenkie ER. Cultural competence: essential measurements for quality for managed care organizations. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:919-20.
30. Branch C, Fraser L. Can cultural competency reduce racial and ethnic health disparities: a review and conceptual model. Med Care Res Rev. 2000; 57:181-217.
31. Lee L, Batal H, Maselli J, Kutner J. Effect of Spanish interpretation method on patient satisfaction in an urban walk-in clinic. J Gen Intern Med. 2002; 17:641-5.
32. Mazor S, Hampers L, Chande V, Krug S. Teaching Spanish to pediatric emergency physicians: effects on patient satisfaction. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002; 156:693-5.
33. Baker D, Hayes R, Fortier J. Interpreter use and satisfaction with interpersonal aspects of care for Spanish-speaking patients. Med Care. 1998; 36:1461-70.
34. Flores G, Laws MB, Mayo SJ, et al. Errors in medical interpretation and their potential clinical consequences in pediatric encounters. Pediatrics. 2003; 111:6-14.
35. Scott CJ. Enhancing patient outcomes through an understanding of intercultural medicine: guidelines for the practitioner. Md Med J. 1997; 46:175-80.