Social organisation, shoal structure and information transfer

Fish and Fisheries

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 269-279

  Hoare, D J ^a   Krause, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Information transmission; Phenotype sorting; Shoal composition

Indexed keywords

FISH; LEARNING; SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL ORGANIZATION;

PISCES;

EID: 0242540345     PISSN: 14672960     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00130.x     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Allan, J.R. and Pitcher, T.J. (1986) Species segregation during predator evasion in cyprinid shoals. Freshwater Biology 16, 653-659.
2. Arenas, V. and Robinson, C. (1999) Shoal structure of commercially important pelagic fish in relation to the dynamics of upwelling marine ecosystems. In: Large Marine Ecosystems of the Pacific Rim. Assessment, Sustainability, and Management (eds K. Sherman and Q. Tang). Backwell Science, Oxford, pp. 338-345.
3. Barber, I. and Ruxton, G.D. (2000) The importance of stable schooling: do familiar sticklebacks stick together? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 267, 151-155.
4. Barber, I., Downey, L.C. and Braithwaite, V.A. (1998) Parasitism. oddity and the mechanism of shoal choice. Journal of Fish Biology 16, 653-659.
5. Barber, I., Hoare, D. and Krause, J. (2000) Effects of parasites on fish behaviour: a review and evolutionary perspective. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10, 131-165.
6. Bonabeau, E., Dagorn, L. and Freon, P. (1999) Scaling in animal group-size distributions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 96, 4472-4477.
7. Booth, D.J. (1995) Juvenile groups in a coral reef damselfish: density-dependent effects of individual fitness and population demography. Ecology 76, 91-106.
8. Box, H.O. (1984) Primate Behaviour and Social Ecology Chapman & Hall, London.
9. Boyd, R. and Richerson, P.J. (1985) Culture and the Evolutionary Process. Chicago University Press. Chicago.
10. Brooks, R. (1996) Copying and the repeatability of mate choice. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 39, 323-329.
11. Brown, C. (2002) Do female rainbowfish (Melanotaenia spp.) prefer to shoal with familiar individuals under predation pressure? Journal of Ethology 20, 89-94.
12. Brown, G.E. (2003) Learning about danger: chemical alarm cues and local risk assessment in prey fishes. Fish and Fisheries 4, 227-234.
13. Brown, J.A. and Colgan, P.W. (1986) Individual and species recognition in centrachid fishes: evidence and hypotheses. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 19, 373-379.
14. Brown, C. and Laland, K.N. (2003) Social learning in fishes: a review. Fish and Fisheries 4, 280-288.
15. Brown, G.E., Brown, J.A. and Crosbie, A.M. (1993) Phenotype matching in juvenile rainbow trout. Animal Behaviour 46, 1223-1225.
16. Chivers, D.P. and Smith, R.J.F. (1998) Chemical alarm signaling in aquatic predator-prey systems: a review and prospectus. Ecoscience 5, 338-352.
17. Chivers, D.P., Brown, G.E. and Smith, R.J.F. (1995) Familiarity and shoal cohesion in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): implications for antipredator behaviour. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, 955-960.
18. Coussi-Korbel, S. and Fragaszy, D.M. (1995) On the relation between social dynamics and social learning. Animal Behaviour 50, 1441-1453.
19. Croft, D.P., Arrowsmith, B.J., Bielby, J., Skinner, K., White, E., Couzin, I.D., Magurran, A.E., Ramnarine, I. and Krause, J. (2003) Mechanisms underlying shoal composition in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Oikos 100, 429-438.
20. Dafni, J. and Diamant, A. (1984) School-oriented mimicry: a new type of mimicry in fishes. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 20, 45-50.
21. Davies, N. (1991) Mating systems. In: Behavioural Ecology: an Evolutionary Approach, 3rd edn (eds J.R. Krebs and N.B. Davies). Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 263-294.
22. Day, R.L., MacDonald, T., Brown, C., Laland, K.N. and Reader, S.M. (2001) Interactions between shoal size and conformity in guppy social foraging. Annual Behaviour 62, 917-925.
23. Dugatkin, L.A. and Alfieri, M. (1991) Guppies and fit-for-tat strategy. preference based on past interaction. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 28, 243-246.
24. Dugatkin, L.A. and Godin, J.-G.J. (1992) Reversal of mate choice by copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 249, 179-184.
25. Dugatkin, L.A. and Godin, J.-G.J. (1993) Female mate copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): age-dependent effects. Behavioral Ecology 4, 289-292.
26. Dugatkin, L.A. and Wilson, D.S. (1992) The prerequisites for strategic behaviour in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus. Animal Behaviour 44, 223-230.
27. Dugatkin, L.A., FitzGerald, G.J. and Lavoie, J. (1994) Juvenile three-spined sticklebacks avoid parasitized conspecifics. Environmental Biology of Fishes 39, 215-218.
28. Ehrlich, P.R. and Ehrlich, A.H. (1973) Coevolution: hetorespecific shoaling in Caribbean reef fishes. American Naturalist 107, 157-160.
29. Forrester, G.E. (1991) Social rank, individual size and group composition as determinants of food consumption by humbug damselfish. Dascyllus aruanus. Animal Behaviour 42, 701-711.
30. Fréon, P. and Misund, O.A. (1999) Dynamics of Pelagic Fish Distribution anti Behaviour: Effects on Fisheries and Stock Assessment. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
31. Gabor, C. (1999) Association patterns of sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) alternative hypotheses. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 46, 333-340.
32. Galef, B.G. (1988) Imitation in animals: history, definition, and interpretation of data from the psychological laboratory. In: Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives (eds T. Zentall and B.G. Galef). L. Erlbaum. Hillsdale, New Jersey pp. 3-25.
33. Giraldeau, L.-A. (1997) The ecology of information use. In: Behavioural Ecology, an Evolutionary Approach, 4th edn (eds J.R. Krebs and N.B. Davies). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 42-68.
34. Godin, J.-G.J. and Morgan, M.J. (1985) Predator avoidance and school size in a cyprinodontid fish, the banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus Lesueur). Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 16, 105-110.
35. Griffiths, S.W. and Magurran, A.E. (1997a) Familiarity in schooling fish: how long does it take to acquire? Animal Behaviour 53, 945-949.
36. Griffiths, S.W. and Magurran, A.E. (1997b) Schooling preferences for familiar fish vary with group size in a wild guppy population. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 264, 547-551.
37. Guthrie, J.F. and Kroger, R.L. (1974) Schooling habits of injured and parasitized menhaden. Ecology 55, 208-210.
38. Helfman, G.S. (1984) School fidelity in fishes: the yellow perch pattern. Animal Behaviour 32, 663-672.
39. Helfman, G.S. (1993) Fish behaviour by day, night and twilight. In: Behaviour of Teleost Fishes. 2nd edn (ed. T.J. Pitcher). Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 479-512.
40. Hilborn, R. (1991) Modeling the stability of fish schools: exchange of individual fish between schools of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 48, 1081-1091.
41. Hoare, D.J., Ruxton, G.D., Godin, J.-G.J. and Krause, J. (2000) The social organization of free-ranging fish shoals. Oikos 89, 546-554.
42. Hobson, E.S. (1963) Selective feeding by the gafftopsail pompano, Trachinotus rhodopus (Gill), in mixed-species schools of herring and anchovies in the Gulf of California. Copeia 1963, 595-596.
43. Jones, G.P (1990) The importance of recruitment to the dynamics of a coral reef fish population. Ecology 71, 1691-1698.
44. Kelley, J.L., Graves, J.A. and Magurran, A.E. (1999) Familiarity breeds contempt: male courtship preferences for unfamiliar female guppies. Nature 401, 661-662.
45. Klimley, A.P. and Holloway, C.F. (1999) School fidelity and homing synchronicity of yellowfin tuna. Thunnus albacares. Marine Biology 133, 307-317.
46. Krause, J. (1993) Transmission of fright reaction between different species of fish. Behaviour 127, 37-48.
47. Krause, J. (1994) The influence of food competition and predation risk on size-assortative shoaling in juvenile chub (Leuciscus cephalus). Ethology 96, 105-116.
48. Krause, J. and Godin, J.-G.J. (1994) Shoal choice in banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus, Teleostei. Cyprinodontidae): the effects of predation risk, fish size, species composition and size of shoals. Ethology 98, 128-136.
49. Krause, J. and Godin, J.-G.J. (1996) Influence of parasitism on shoal choice in the banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus, Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae). Ethology 102, 40-49.
50. Krause, J., Godin, J.-G.J. and Brown, D. (1996) Phenotypic variability within and between fish shoals. Ecology 77, 1586-1591.
51. Krause, J., Godin, J.-G.J. and Brown, D. (1998) Body length variation within multi-species fish shoals: the effects of shoal size and number of species. Oecologia 114, 67-72.
52. Krause, J., Butlin, R.K., Peuhkuri, N. and Pritchard, V.L. (2000a) The social organization of fish shoals: a test of the predictive power of laboratory experiments for the field. Biological Reviews 75, 477-501.
53. Krause, J. Hoare, D.J., Croft, D., Lawrence, J., Ward, A., Ruxton, G.D., Godin, J.-G.J. and James, R. (2000b) Fish shoal composition: mechanisms and constraints. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 267, 2011-2017.
54. Lachlan, R.F., Crooks, L. and Laland, K.N. (1998) Who follows whom? Shoaling preferences and social learning of foraging information in guppies. Animal Behaviour 56, 181-190.
55. Lafleur, D.L., Lozano, G.A. and Sclafani, M. (1997) Female mate-choice copying in guppies. Poecilia reticulata: a reevaluation. Animal Behaviour 54, 579-586.
56. Laland, K.N. and Reader, S.M. (1999a) Foraging innovation in the guppy. Animal Behaviour 57, 331-340.
57. Laland, K.N. and Reader, S.M. (1999b) Foraging innovation is inversely related to competitive ability in male but not in female guppies. Behavioral Ecology 10, 270-274.
58. Laland, K.N. and Williams, K. (1997) Shoaling generates social learning of foraging information in guppies. Animal Behaviour 53, 1161-1169.
59. Landeau, L. and Terborgh, J. (1986) Oddity and the 'confusion effect' in predation. Animal Behaviour 34, 1372-1380.
60. Lindström, K. and Ranta, E. (1993) Social preferences by male guppies. Poecilia reticulata. based on shoal size and sex. Animal Behaviour 46, 1029-1031.
61. Magurran, A.E. (1993) Individual differences and alternative behaviours. In: Behaviour of Teleost Fishes. 2nd edn (ed. T.J. Pitcher). Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 441-477.
62. Magurran, A.E., Seghers, B.H., Shaw, P.W. and Carvalho, G.R. (1994) Schooling preferences for familiar fish in the guppy. Poecilia reticulata. Journal of Fish Biology 45, 401-406.
63. Mapstone, B.D. and Fowler, A.J. (1988) Recruitment and the structure of assemblages of fish on coral reefs. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 3, 72-77.
64. Marler, C.A. and Ryan, M.J. (1997) Origin and maintenance of a female mating preference. Evolution 51, 1244-1248.
65. Martinez, F.A. and Marschall, E.A. (1999) A dynamic model of group-size choice in the coral reef fish Dascyllus albisella. Behavioral Ecology 10, 572-577.
66. McPeek, M.A. (1992) Mechanisms of sexual selection operating on body size in the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Behavioral Ecology 3, 1-12.
67. Metcalfe, N.B. and Thomson, B.C. (1995) Fish recognize and prefer to shoal with poor competitors. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 259, 207-210.
68. Overholtzer, K.L. and Motta, P.J. (2000) Effects of mixedspecies foraging groups on the feeding and aggression of juvenile parrotfishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 58, 345-354.
69. Partridge, B.L. (1981) Internal dynamics and the interrelations of fish in schools. Journal of Comparative Physiology 144, 313-325.
70. Partridge, B.L. (1982) Structure and function of fish schools. Scientific American 245, 114-123.
71. Pavlov, D.S. and Kasumyan, A.O. (2000) Patterns and mechanisms of schooling behaviour in fish: a review. Journal of Ichthyology 40, 163-231.
72. Peuhkuri, N., Ranta, E. and Seppä, P. (1997) Size-assortative schooling in free-ranging sticklebacks. Ethology 103, 318-324.
73. Pitcher, T.J. (1983) Heuristic definitions of fish Shoaling behavior. Animal Behaviour 31, 611-613.
74. Pitcher, T.J. and Parrish, J.K. (1993) Functions of shoaling behaviour in teleosts. In: Behaviour of Teleost Fishes, 2nd edn (ed. T.J. Pitcher). Chapman & Hall, London. pp. 363-439.
75. Pitcher, T.J., Magurran, A.E. and Edwards, J.I. (1985) Schooling mackerel and herring choose neighbours of similar size. Marine Biology 86, 319-322.
76. Pitcher, T.J., Misund, O.A., Ferno, A., Totland, B. and Melle, V. (1996) Adaptive behaviour of herring schools in the Norwegian Sea as revealed by high-resolution sonar. ICES Journal of Marine Science 53, 449-452.
77. Pritchard, V.L., Lawrence, J., Butlin, R.K. and Krause. J. (2001) Shoal size assessment in zebrafish. Danio rerio. Animal Behaviour 62, 1085-1088.
78. Ranta, E. and Lindstrom, K. (1990) Assortative schooling in three-spined sticklebacks? Annales Zoologica Fennici 27, 67-75.
79. Ranta, E., Peuhkuri, N. and Laurila, A. (1994) A theoretical exploration of antipredatory and foraging factors promoting phenotype-assorted fish schools. Ecoscience 1, 99-106.
80. Reader, S.M. and Laland, K.N. (2000) Diffusion of foraging innovations in the guppy. Animal Behaviour 60, 175-180.
81. Rodd, F.H. and Reznick, D.N. (1997) Variation in the demography of guppy populations: the importance of predation and life histories. Ecology 78, 405-418.
82. Ryer, C.H. and Olla, B.L. (1998) Effect of light on juvenile walleye pollock shoaling and their interaction with predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 167, 215-226.
83. Sale, P.F. (1991) The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs. Academic Press. New York.
84. Shaw, E. (1978) Schooling fishes. American Scientist 66, 166-175.
85. Svensson, P.A., Barber, I. and Forsgren, E. (2000) Shoaling behaviour of the two-spotted goby. Journal of Fish Biology 56, 1477-1487.
86. Swaney, W., Kendall, J., Capon, H., Brown, C. and Laland, K.N. (2001) Familiarity facilitates social learning of foraging behaviour in the guppy. Animal Behaviour 62, 591-598.
87. Sweatman, H.P.A. (1983) Influence of conspecifics on choice of settlement sites by larvae of two pomacentrid fishes (Dascyllus aruanus and D. reticulates) on coral reefs. Marine Biology 75, 225-229.
88. Theodorakis, C.W. (1989) Size segregation and the effects of oddity on predation risk in minnow schools. Animal Behaviour 38, 496-502.
89. Treherne, J.E. and Foster, W.A. (1981) Group transmission of predator avoidance in a marine insect: the Trafalgar effect. Animal Behaviour 29, 911-917.
90. Valone, T.J. (1989) Group foraging, public information and patch estimation. Oikos 56, 357-363.
91. Ward, A.J.W. and Krause, J. (2001) Body length assortative shoaling in the European minnow. Phoxinus phoxinus. Animal Behaviour 62, 617-621.
92. Ward, A.J.W., Axford, S. and Krause, J. (2002a) Mixed-species shoaling in fish: the sensory mechanisms and costs of shoal choice. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 52, 182-187.
93. Ward, A.J.W. James, R., Broom, M., Godin, J.-G.J., Botham, M.S. and Krause, J. (2002b) Association patterns and shoal fidelity in the three-spined stickleback. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 269, 2451-2455.
94. Ward, A.J.W., Hoare, D.J., Couzin, I.D., Broom, M. and Krause, J. (2002c) The effects of parasitism and body length on positioning within wild fish shoals. Journal of Animal Ecology 71, 10-14.
95. Witte, K. and Ryan, M.J. (1998) Male body length influences mate-choice copying in the sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna. Behavioral Ecology 9, 534-539.
96. Wolf, N.G. (1985) Odd fish abandon mixed-species groups when threatened. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 17, 47-52.
97. Wootton, R.J. (1990) Ecology of Teleost Fishes. Chapman & Hall, London.