Quasi-decadal variability of the Tropical Lower Stratosphere: The role of extratropical wave forcing

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 60, Issue 19, 2003, Pages 2389-2403

  Hood, L L ^a   Soukharev, B E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEAT FLUX; OSCILLATIONS; OZONE; THERMAL EFFECTS; THERMODYNAMICS;

QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATIONS (QBO);

UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

DECADAL VARIATION; EXTRATROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERE;

EID: 0242286690     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2389:QVOTTL>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, 1987: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics. Academic Press, 489 pp.
2. Baldwin, M. P., and T. J. Dunkerton, 1999: Propagation of the Arctic oscillation from the stratosphere to the troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30 937-30 945.
3. Baldwin, M. P., and Coauthors, 2001: The quasi-biennial oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229.
4. Brasseur, G., 1993: The response of the middle atmosphere to long-term and short-term solar variability: A two-dimensional model. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23 079-23 090.
5. Brasseur, G., and S. Solomon, 1984: Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere. D. Reidel, 441 pp.
6. Brewer, A. W., 1949: Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 75, 351-363.
7. Camp, C. D., M. S. Roulston, and Y. L. Yung, 2003: Temporal and spatial patterns of the interannual variability of total ozone in the Tropics. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
8. Chandra, S., 1986: The solar and dynamically induced oscillations in the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2719-2734.
9. Chandra, S., 1991: The solar UV related changes in total ozone from a solar rotation to a solar cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 837-840.
10. Charney, J. G., and P. G. Drazin, 1961: Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 83-109.
11. 3. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 589-592.
12. Dunkerton, T. J., 1991: Nonlinear propagation of zonal winds in an atmosphere with Newtonian cooling and equatorial wavedriving. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 236-263.
13. Fritz, S., and D. Soules, 1972: Planetary variations of stratospheric temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 582-589.
14. Fusco, A. C., and M. L. Salby, 1999: Interannual variations of total ozone and their relationship to variations of planetary wave activity. J. Climate, 12, 1619-1629.
15. Garcia, R. R., 1987: On the mean meridional circulation of the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3599-3609.
16. Gray, L. J., E. F. Drysdale, T. J. Dunkerton, and B. N. Lawrence, 2001a: Model studies of the inter annual variability of the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation: The role of the quasi-biennial oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1413-1432.
17. Gray, L. J., S. J. Phipps, T. J. Dunkerton, M. P. Baldwin, E. F. Drysdale, and M. R. Allen, 2001b: A data study of the influence of the equatorial upper stratosphere on Northern Hemisphere stratospheric sudden warmings. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1985-2003.
18. Haigh, J. D., 1996: On the impact of solar variability on climate. Science, 272, 981-984.
19. Haigh, J. D., 1999: A GCM study of climate change in response to the 11-year solar cycle. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 871-892.
20. Hasebe, F., 1994: Quasi-biennial oscillations of ozone and diabatic circulation in the equatorial stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 729-745.
21. Haynes, F. H., C. J. Marks, M. McIntyre, T. Shepherd, and K. Shine, 1991: On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651-678.
22. Heath, D., and B. Schlesinger, 1986: The mg 280-nm doublet as a monitor of changes in solar ultraviolet irradiance. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8672-8682.
23. Hines, C. O., 1974: A possible mechanism for the production of sun-weather correlations. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 589-591.
24. Holton, J. R., 1990: On the global exchange of mass between the stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 392-395.
25. Holton, J. R., 1994: The quasi-biennial oscillation in the earth's atmosphere and its links to longer period variability. The Solar Engine and Its Influence on Terrestrial Atmosphere and Climate, E. Nesme-Ribes, Ed., NATO ASI Series, Vol. 125, Springer-Verlag, 259-273.
26. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood, and L. Pfister, 1995: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439.
27. Hood, L. L., 1997: The solar cycle variation of total ozone: Dynamical forcing in the lower stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1355-1370.
28. Hood, L. L., 2003: Effects of solar UV variability on the stratosphere. Solar Variability and its Effect on the Earth's Atmospheric and Climate System, J. Pap et al., Eds., AGU Monograph Series, American Geophysical Union, in press.
29. Hood, L. L., J. Jirikowic, and J. P. McCormack, 1993: Quasi-decadal variability of the stratosphere: Influence of long-term solar ultraviolet variations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3941-3958.
30. Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson, Eds., 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, 881 pp.
31. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
32. Kodera, K., 1995: On the origin and nature of the interannual variability of the winter stratospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14 077-14 087.
33. Kodera, K., and Y. Kuroda, 2002: Dynamical response to the solar cycle: Winter stratopause and lower stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4749, doi:10.1029/2002JD002224.
34. Kodera, K., M. Chiba, and K. Shibata, 1991: A general circulation model study of the solar and QBO modulation of the stratospheric circulation during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1209-1212.
35. Krishna Murthy, B. V., K. Parameswaran, and K. O. Rose, 1986: Temporal variations of the tropical tropopause characteristics. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 914-922.
36. Labitzke, K., 2001: The global signal of the 11-year sunspot cycle in the stratosphere Differences between solar maxima and minima. Meteor. Z., 10, 901-908.
37. Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon, 1988: Associations between the 11-year solar cycle, the QBO and the atmosphere, I, The troposphere and stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere in winter. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 197-206.
38. Labitzke, K., and M. P. McCormick, 1992: Stratospheric temperature increases due to Pinatubo aerosols. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 207-210.
39. Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon, 1993: Some recent studies of probable connections between solar and atmospheric variability. Ann. Geophys., 11, 1084-1094.
40. Ling, X.-D., and J. London, 1986: The quasi-biennial oscillation of ozone in the tropical middle stratosphere: A one-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 3122-3137.
41. 4, and age of air with an interactive two-dimensional model. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
42. McCormack, J. P., L. L. Hood, R. Nagatani, A. J. Miller, W. Planet, and R. McPeters, 1997: Approximate separation of volcanic and 11-year signals in the SBUV-SBUV/2 total ozone record over the 1979-1995 period. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2729-2732.
43. McPeters, R., and Coauthors, 1996: Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data products user's guide. NASA Tech. Rep. 1384, 67 pp.
44. Newman, P. A., E. R. Nash, and J. E. Rosenfield, 2001: What controls the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere during the spring? J. Geophys. Res., 106, 19 999-20 010.
45. Norton, W. A., 2001: Longwave heating of the tropical lower stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3653-3656.
46. Plumb, R. A., and R. C. Bell, 1982: A model of the quasi-biennial oscillation on an equatorial beta-plane. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 335-352.
47. Plumb, R. A., and J. Eluszkiewicz, 1999: The Brewer-Dobson circulation: Dynamics of the tropical upwelling. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 868-890.
48. Randel, W. J., 1993: Global variations of zonal mean ozone during stratospheric warming events. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3308-3321.
49. Randel, W. J., and F, Wu, 1996: Isolation of the ozone QBO in SAGE II data by singular value decomposition. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2546-2559.
50. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, and D. J. Gaffen, 2000: Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15 509-15 523.
51. Randel, W. J., R. Garcia, and F. Wu, 2002a: Time-dependent upwelling in the tropical lower stratosphere estimated from the zonal-mean momentum budget. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2141-2152.
52. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, and R. Stolarski, 2002b: Changes in column ozone correlated with the stratospheric EP flux. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 849-862.
53. Rind, D., and N. K. Balachandran, 1995: Modeling the effects of UV variability and the QBO on the troposphere/stratosphere system. Part II: The troposphere. J. Climate, 8, 2080-2095.
54. Robock, A., 2000: Volcanic eruptions and climate. Rev. Geophys., 38, 191-220.
55. Salby, M., and P. Callaghan, 2000: Connection between the solar cycle and the QBO: The missing link. J. Climate, 13, 2652-2662.
56. Shindell, D., D. Rind, N. Balachandran, J. Lean, and P. Lonergan, 1999: Solar cycle variability, ozone, and climate. Science, 284, 305-308.
57. Soukharev, B. E., and L. L. Hood, 2001: Possible solar modulation of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation: Additional statistical evidence. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14 855-14 868.
58. Spencer, R. W., and J. R. Christy, 1993: Precision lower stratospheric temperature monitoring with the MSU: Technique, validation, and results 1979-1991. J. Climate, 6, 1194-1204.
59. Spencer, R. W., J. R. Christy, and N. Grody, 1990: Global atmospheric temperature monitoring with satellite microwave measurements: Method and results 1979-84. J. Climate, 3, 1111-1128.
60. Stolarski, R., R. McPeters, G. Labow, S. Hollandsworth Frith, and L. Flynn, 2000: On the long-term calibration of the TOMS total ozone record. Proc. Quadrennial Ozone Symp., Sapporo, Japan, International Ozone Commission, 33-34.
61. Trenberth, K. E., and T. J. Hoar, 1997: El Niño and climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 3057-3060.
62. World Meteorological Organization, 1999: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998, WMO Rep. 44.
63. Zerefos, C. W., K. Tourpali, B. R. Bojkov, D. S. Balis, B. Rognerund, and I. S. A. Isaksen, 1997: Solar activity-total ozone relationships: Observations and model studies with heterogeneous chemistry. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1561-1569.