Nucleation-elongation: A mechanism for cooperative supramolecular polymerization

Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry

Volumn 1, Issue 20, 2003, Pages 3471-3491

  Zhao, Dahui ^a   Moore, Jeffrey S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NUCLEATION; POLYMERIZATION; REACTION KINETICS; THERMODYNAMICS;

ISODESMIC POLYMERIZATIONS;

SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY;

EID: 0142227240     PISSN: 14770520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/b308788c     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. P. J. Flory, Principles of Polymer Chemistry, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1953.
2. G. Odian, Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991.
3. F. Oosawa and S. Asakura, Thermodynamics of the Polymerization of Protein, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1975.
4. H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. C. Williams, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1955, 41, 690.
5. D. Abram and H. Koffler, J. Mol. Biol., 1964, 9, 168.
6. M.-F. Carlier, J. Biol. Chem., 1991, 266, 1.
7. T. Ooi, K. Mihashi and H. Kobayashi, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1962, 98, 1.
8. A. D. Sousa and C. S. Farah, J. Biol., Chem., 2002, 277, 2081.
9. R. B. Martin, Chem. Rev., 1996, 96, 3043.
10. F. Oosawa, S. Asakura, K. Hotta, N. Imai and T. Ooi, J. Polym. Sci., 1959, 37, 323.
11. S. Asakura, G. Eguchi and T. Iino, J. Mol. Biol., 1964, 10, 42.
12. S. Asakura, J. Mol. Biol., 1968, 35, 237.
13. T. M. Schuster, R. B. Scheele and L. H. Khairallah, J. Mol. Biol., 1979, 127, 461.
14. S. J. Shire, J. J. Steckert and T. M. Schuster, J. Mol. Biol., 1979, 127, 487.
15. A. Wegner, Nature, 1982, 296, 266.
16. E. D. Korn, M.-F. Carlier and D. Pantaloni, Science, 1987, 238, 638.
17. D. Seebach and J. L. Matthews, Chem. Commun., 1997, 2015.
18. S. H. Gellman, Acc. Chem. Res., 1998, 31, 173.
19. K. Kirshenbaum, R. N. Zuckermann and K. A. Dill, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 1999, 9, 530.
20. A. E. Barron, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1999, 3, 681.
21. K. D. Stigers, M. J. Soth and J. S. Nowick, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1999, 3, 734.
22. E. A. Archer, H. G. Gong and M. J. Krische, Tetrahedron, 2001, 57, 1139.
23. B. Gong, Chem. Ew. J., 2001, 7, 4336.
24. M. S. Cubberley and B. L. Iverson, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2001, 5, 650.
25. D. J. Hill, M. J. Mio, R. B. Prince, T. S. Hughes and J. S. Moore, Chem. Rev., 2001, 101, 3893.
26. C. Schmuck, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2003, 42, 2448.
27. R. Fesce, F. Benfenati, P. Greengard and F. Valtorta, J. Biol. Chem., 1992, 267, 11289.
28. A. Wegner, J. Mol. Biol., 1976, 108, 139.
29. J. S. Moore and N. W Zimmerman, Org. Lett., 2000, 2, 915.
30. W. Kern and V. Jaacks, J. Polym. Sci., 1960, 48, 399.
31. L. Leese and M. W. Baumber, Polymer, 1965, 6, 269.
32. M. Iguchi, H. Kanetsuan and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1969, 128, 63.
33. Y. Iwakura, K. Uno and M. Oya, J. Polym. Sci.: Part A-1, 1967, 5, 2867.
34. T. Komoto, T. Akaishi, M. Oya and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1972, 154, 151.
35. A. Fujie, T. Komoto, M. Oya and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1973, 169, 301.
36. T. Komoto and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1973, 172, 221.
37. T. Komoto, K. Y. Kim, M. Oya and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1974, 175, 283.
38. T. Komoto, M. Oya and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1974, 175, 301.
39. K. Y. Kim, T. Komoto and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1979, 180, 465.
40. T. Komoto, K. Y. Kim, Y. Minoshima, M. Oya and T. Kawai, Makromol. Chem., 1973, 168, 261.
41. Crystallization of the polymers has also been reported to induce reactions within polymer chains. See: (a) R. W. Lenz, E. Martin and A. N. Schuler, J. Polym. Set., 1973, 11, 2265;
42. (b) R. W. Lenz, K. Ohata and J. Funt, J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Chem., 1973, 11, 2273;
43. c) R. W. Lenz and S. Go, J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Chem., 1973, 11, 2927;
44. (d) R. W. Lenz and S. Go, J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Chem., 1974, 12, 1971;
45. (e) R. W. Lenz and A. N. Schuler, J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Symp., 1978, 63, 1343-1363;
46. (f) K. Kimura, S. Kohama and Y. Yamshita, Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 7545;
47. K. Kimura, S. Kohama and Y. Yamshita, Macromolecules, 2003, 36, 5043.
48. D. Zhao and J. S. Moore, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 9996.
49. D. Zhao and J. S. Moore, Macromolecules, 2003, 36, 2712.
50. J. C. Nelson, J. G. Saven, J. S. Moore and P. G. Wolynes, Science, 1997, 277, 1793.
51. R. B. Prince, J. G. Saven, P. G. Wolynes and J. S. Moore, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 3114.
52. S. J. Rowan, S. J. Cantrill, G. R. L. Cousins, J. K. M. Sanders and J. F. Stoddar, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2002, 41, 898.
53. Recently, there has been considerable interest in synthetic polymers that are also strictly supramolecular, but these structures probably polymerize by a non-cooperative mechanism. See: L. Brunsveld, B. J. B. Folmer, E. W. Meijer and R. P. Sijbesma, Chem. Rev., 2001, 101, 4071.
54. L. Pauling, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1953, 13, 170.
55. D. S. Goodsell and A. J. Olson, Trends Biochem. Sci., 1993, 18, 65.
56. D. Winklmair, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1971, 147, 509.
57. C. Frieden, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1983, 80, 6513.
58. B. R. Gerber, S. Asakura and F. Oosawa, J. Mol. Biol., 1973, 74, 467.
59. F. Gaskin, C. R. Cantor and M. L. Shelanski, J. Mol. Biol., 1974, 89, 737.
60. F. Oosawa and M. Kasai, J. Mol. Biol., 1962, 4, 10.
61. F. Oosawa, J. Theor. Biol., 1970, 27, 69.
62. More recently, a slightly different approach has been employed to derive the thermodynamic length distribution of polymer products from nucleation-elongation polymerizations and an approximate expression for average polymer size at equilibrium was established. See: L. Edelstein-Keshet and G. B. Ermentrout, Bull. Math. Biol., 1998, 60, 449.
63. L. S. Tobacman and E. D. Korn, J. Biol. Chem., 1983, 258, 3207.
64. A. Wegner and P. Savko, Biochemistry, 1982, 21, 1909.
65. J. A. Cooper, E. L. Buhle, S. B. Walker, T. Y. Tsong and T. D. Pollard, Biochemistry, 1983, 22, 2193.
66. By polymerizable group we refer to the associating segments of a supramolecular polymer or the segments that form covalent linkages of a covalent polymer.
67. J. H. Espenson, Chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms, MCGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1981.
68. n = (1+p)/(1-p).
69. A. Wegner and J. Engel, Biophys. Chem., 1975, 3, 215.
70. C. Frieden and D. W. Goddette, Biochemistry, 1983, 22, 5836.
71. B. A. Barshop, R. F. Wrenn and C. Frieden, Anal. Biochem., 1983, 130, 134.
72. M. Kasai, S. Asakura and F. Oosawa, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1962, 57, 22.
73. Y. Nakaoka and M. Kasai, J. Mol. Biol., 1969, 44, 319.
74. S. R. White, N. R. Sottos, P. H. Geubelle, J. S. Moore, M. R. Kessler, S. R. Sriram, E. N. Brown and S. Viswanathan, Nature, 2001, 409, 794.
75. P. G. Wolynes, Nat. Struct. Biol., 1997, 4, 871.
76. G. D. Rose and R. Wolfenden, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 1993, 22, 381.
77. J. C. Kendrew, Science, 1963, 139, 1259.
78. K. A. Dill, Biochemistry, 1985, 24, 1501.
79. R. E. Gates and H. F. Fisher, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1971, 68, 2928.
80. S. H. White, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 1994, 23, 407.
81. A. Yamauchi, T. Yomo, F. Tanaka, I. D. Prijambada, S. Ohhashi, K. Yamamoto, Y Shima, K. Ogasahara, K. Yutani, M. Kataoka and I. Urabe, FEBS Lett., 1998, 421, 147.
82. I. D. Prijambada, T. Yomo, F. Tanaka, T. Kawama, K. Yamamoto, A. Hasegawa, Y. Shima, S. Negoro and I. Urabe, FEBS Lett., 1996, 382, 21.
83. C. J. Camacho and D. Thirumalai, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1993, 71, 2505.
84. K. F. Lau and K. A. Dill, Macromolecules, 1989, 22, 3986.
85. S. P. Rao, D. E. Carlstrom and W. G. Miller, Biochemistry, 1974, 13, 943.
86. H. F. Fisher, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1964, 51, 1285.