Historical reconstruction of wastewater and land use impacts to groundwater used for public drinking water: Exposure assessment using chemical data and GIS

Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 403-416

  Swartz, Christopher H ^a   Rudel, Ruthann A ^a   Kachajian, Jennifer R ^a   Brody, Julia G ^a  

^a SILENT SPRING INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Drinking water; GIS; Land use; Nitrate

Indexed keywords

CARCINOGEN; DRINKING WATER; GROUND WATER; NITRATE; WELL WATER;

ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH HAZARD; LAND USE; LAW; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TRANSPORT;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOGENS, ENVIRONMENTAL; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DRINKING; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFORMATION SYSTEMS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NITRATES; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER SUPPLY;

GADUS MORHUA;

EID: 0142209305     PISSN: 10534245     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500291     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Aral M.M., Maslia M.L., Ulirsch G.V., and Reyes J.J. Estimating exposure to volatile organic compounds from municipal water-supply systems: use of a better computational model. Arch Environ Health 1996; 51 (4): 300-309.
2. Aravena R., Evans M.L., and Cherry J.A. Stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in source identification of nitrate from septic systems. Ground Water 1993: 31 (2): 180-186.
3. Arbuckle T., Hrudey S., Krasner W., Nuckols J., et al. Assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies to disinfection by-products in drinking water: report from an international workshop. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110 (1): 53-60.
4. Barber L.B., Thurman E.M., Schroeder M.P., and LeBlanc D.R. Long-term fate of organic micropollutants in sewage-contaminated groundwater. Environ Sci Technol 1988: 22 (2): 205-211.
5. Barlow P.M. Particle-tracking analysis of contributing areas of public-supply wells in simple and complex flow systems, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. US Geological Survey, Marlborough, MA, 1994.
6. Bean J.A, Isacson P, Hausler Jr. W.J. and Kohler J. Drinking water and cancer incidence in Iowa I. Trends and incidence by source of drinking water and size of municipality. Am J. Epidemiol. 1982: 116 (6): 912-923.
7. Belfit G.C. Septage/Sewage Disposal Practices on Cape Cod. Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA, 1984.
8. Belfit G.C., Cambareri T., McCaffery D., Prahm G., and Smith B. Monomoy Lens Groundwater Protection Project. Cape Cod Commission Water Resources Office, Barnstable, MA, 1993.
9. Bernstein L. Epidemiology of endocrine-related risk factors for breast cancer. J Mamm Gland Biol Neoplasia 2002: 7 (1): 3-15.
10. Böhlke J.K., and Denver J.M. Combined used of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic Coastal plain, Maryland. Water Resources Res 1995: 31 (9): 2319-2339.
11. Bove F., Shim Y., and Zeitz P. Drinking water contaminants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A review. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110 1): 61-74.
12. Bratton L. Public water-supply in Massachusetts 1986. US Geological Survey and Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management Office of Water Resources, Boston, MA, 1991.
13. Brody J.G., Vorhees D.J., Melly S.J., Swedis S.R., Drivas P.J., and Rudel R.A. Using GIS and historical records to reconstruct residential exposure to large-scale pesticide application. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 2002: 12: 64-80.
14. Cantor K.P. Drinking water and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1997: 8: 292-308.
15. Cape Cod Commission. Monomoy Lens Groundwater Protection Project. Water Resources Office, Barnstable, MA, 1993.
16. Daughton C.G., and Ternes T.A. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change. Environ Health Perspect 1999: 107(Suppl 6): 907-937.
17. Deane M, Swan S.H., Harris J.A., Epstein D.M., and Neutra R.R. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in relation to water contamination Santa Clara County study, California, 1980-1981. Am J Epidemiol 1989: 129: 894-904.
18. Desbrow C, Routledge E.J., Brighty G.C., Sumpter J.P., and Waldock M. Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STW effluent. 1. Chemical fractionation and in vitro biological screening. Environ Sci Technol 1998: 32 (11): 1549-1558.
19. DeSimone L.A., and Barlow P.M. A Nitrogen-Rich Septage-Effluent Plume in a Glacial Aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, February 1990 through December 1992. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Watershed Management, Marlborough, MA, 1995.
20. DeSimone L.A, and Howes B.L. Nitrogen transport and transformation in a shallow aquifer receiving wastewater discharge: a mass balance approach. Water Resources Res 1998: 34 (2): 271-285.
21. Dunnick J.K., Elwell M.R., Huff J., and Barrett J.C. Chemically induced mammary gland cancer in the National Toxicology Program's carcinogenesis bioassay. Carcinogenesis 1995: 16 (2): 173-179.
22. Eckhardt D.A.V., and Stackelberg P.E. Relation of ground-water quality to land use on Long Island, New York. Ground Water 1995: 33 (6): 1019-1033.
23. Erickson B.E. Analyzing the ignored environmental contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 2002: 36 (7): 140A-145A.
24. Fagliano J., Berry M., Bove F., and Burke T. Drinking water contamination and the incidence of leukemia: an ecologic study. Am J Public Health 1990: 80 (10): 1209-1212.
25. Harman W.A., Allan C.J., and Forsythe R.D. Assessment of potential groundwater contamination sources in a wellhead protection area. J Environ Manage 2001: 62: 271-282.
26. Horsley and Witten, Inc. Representative public supply well capture zone delineation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Unpublished report, June, 2000.
27. Janik D.S. State of the Aquifer Report. Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA, 1987.
28. Jobling S., Reynolds T., White R., Parker M.G., and Sumpter J.P. A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ Health Perspect 1995: 103: 582-587.
29. Kelsey J.L., and Gammon M.D. The epidemiology of breast cancer. CA 1991: 41 (3): 146-165.
30. Kolpin D.W., Barbash J.E., and Gilliom R.J. Occurrence of pesticides in shallow groundwater of the United States: initial results from the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Environ Sci Technol 1998: 32: 558-566.
31. Kolpin D.W., Furlong E.T., Meyer M.T., Thurman E.M., Zaugg S.D., Barber L.B., and Buxton H.T. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 2002: 36 (6): 1202-1211.
32. Komor S.C., and Anderson H.W. Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate sources in Minnesota sand-plain aquifers. Ground Water 1993: 31 (2): 260-270.
33. LeBlanc D.R., Guswa J.H., Frimpter M.H., and Londquist C.J. Ground-water resources of Cape Cod, Massachusetts (map). US Geological Survey, Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, Barnstable County, and National Park Service, 1986.
34. Levin R.B., Epstein P.R., Ford T.E., Harrington W., Olson E., and Reichard E.G. U.S. drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century. Environ Health Perspect 2002: 110(Suppl 1): 43-53.
35. Loague K. Regional scale ground-water vulnerability estimates: impact of reducing data uncertainties for assessments in Hawaii. Ground Water 1994: 32 (4): 605-616.
36. Loague K., Corwin D.L., and Ellsworth T.R. The challenge of predicting nonpoint source pollution. Environ Sci Technol 1998: 32: 130A-133A.
37. MacConnell W.P. Remote sensing 20 years of change in Massachusetts 1952-1972: classification manual, land use and vegetative cover mapping. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, MA, 1975.
38. MacConnell W., Swartout D., and Stone J. Land Use Update for Cape Cod and the Islands with Area Statistics for 1951, 1971, and 1980. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, College of Food and Natural Resources, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, MA, 1984.
39. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Monitoring data for Cape Cod public water supplies, 1988-1995. Boston, MA, 1997.
40. McDonald M.G., and Harbaugh A.W. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model. In: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 6, Chapter A1, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va, 1988: 586 pages.
41. McLay C.D.A., Dragten R., Sparling G., and Selvarajah N. Predicting groundwater nitrate concentrations in a region of mixed agricultural land use: a comparison of three approaches. Environ Pollut 2001: 115: 191-204.
42. Mueller B., Newton K., Holly E., and Preston-Martin S. Residential water source and the risk of childhood brain tumors. Environ Health Perspect 2001: 109 (6): 551-556.
43. Persky J.H. The relation of ground-water quality to housing density, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. US Geological Survey and Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development Commission, Boston, MA, 1986.
44. Purdom C.E., Hardiman P.A., Bye V.J., Eno N.C., Tyler C.R., and Sumpter J.P. Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works. Chem Eco 1994: 8: 275-285.
45. Quadri C.G. The relationship between nitrate-nitrogen levels in groundwater and land use on Cape Cod. Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development Commission, Barnstable MA, 1984.
46. Richards R.P. Cultural and hydrogeological factors that influence well water quality. Environ Sci Technol 1997: 31 (3): 632-638.
47. Rodenback S.E., Sanderson L.M., and Rene A. Maternal exposure to trichloroethylene in drinking water and birth-weight outcomes. Arch Environ Health 2000: 55 (3): 188-194.
48. Routledge E.J., Sheahan D., Desbrow C., Brighty G.C., Waldock M., and Sumpter J.P. Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STW effluent. 2. In vivo responses in trout and roach. Environ Sci Technol 1998: 32 (11): 1559-1565.
49. Rudel R.A., Geno P., Melly S.J., Sun G., and Brody J.G. Identification of alkylphenols and other estrogenic phenolic compounds in waste-water, septage, and groundwater on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Environ Sci Technol 1998: 32 (7): 861-869.
50. Silent Spring Institute. Cape Cod Breast Cancer and Environment Study: Final report, December 8, 1997. Newton, MA, 1997.
51. Silent Spring Institute. Indicators of wastewater and land use impacts on public drinking water: historical reconstruction of exposure on Cape Cod. A report of the Cape Cod Breast Cancer and Environment Study, Newton, MA, 2002.
52. Silva L., and Williams D.D. Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality. Water Resources 2001: 35 (14): 3462-3472.
53. Soto A.M, Justicia H., Wray J.W., and Sonnenschein C. p-Nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from "modified" polystyrene. Environ Health Perspect 1991: 92: 167-173.
54. Soto A.M., Sonnenschein C., Chung K.L., Fernandez M.F., Olea N., and Serrano F.O. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 1995: 103(Suppl 7): 113-122.
55. U.S. Geological Survey National Water Summary 1984: Hydrologic events, selected water quality trends, and ground-water resources. United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275. US Geological Survey, Washington DC, 1985.
56. Ward M.H., Mark S., Cantor K., Weisenburger D., Correa-Villasenor A., and Zahm S. Drinking water nitrate and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Epidemiology 1996: 7 (5): 465-471.
57. Wolff M.S., Collman G.W., Barrett J.C., and Huff J. Breast cancer and environmental risk factors: epidemiological and experimental findings. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1996: 36: 573-596.