Asymmetric Synthesis of Arylalanines via Asymmetric aza-Darzens (ADZ) Reaction

Synlett

Volumn , Issue 12, 2003, Pages 1898-1900

  Maguire, Naomi E ^a   McLaren, Andrew B ^a   Sweeney, J B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

(R) amino acid; Aziridine; dpp; Hydrogenolysis

Indexed keywords

ALANINE DERIVATIVE; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND; IMINE;

ARTICLE; ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL REACTION; DARZENS REACTION; ENANTIOMER; HYDROLYSIS;

EID: 0142123040     PISSN: 09365214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41470     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 4. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
2. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
3. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
4. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
5. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
6. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
7. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
8. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
9. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
10. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
11. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
12. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
13. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
14. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 4. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
15. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
16. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
17. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
18. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
19. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
20. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
21. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
22. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
23. For recent reports of methodology directed towards preparation of α-amino acids, see: (a) O'Donnell, M. J.; Cooper, J. T.; Mader, M. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2370. (b) Kobayashi, S.; Matsubara, R.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitagawa, H.; Sugiura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 125, 2507. (c) Futatsugi, K.; Yanagisawa, A.; Yamamoto, H. Chem. Comm. 2002, 566. (d) Lygo, B.; Andrews, B. I.; Crosby, J.; Peterson, J. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8015. (e) Watanabe, S.; Crodova, A.; Tanaka, F.; Barbas, C. F. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4519. (f) Cordova, A.; Barbas, C. F. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7749. (g) Chen, J. X.; Tunge, J. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 4366. (h) Lee, S. K.; Nam, J.; Park, Y. S. Synlett 2002, 790. (i) Hang, J. F.; Tian, S. K.; Tang, L.; Deng, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12696. (j) Yanagisawa, A.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 2001, 1855. (k) Evans, D. A.; Janey, J. M.; Magomedov, N.; Tedrow, J. S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1884. (l) Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2995. (m) Kawabata, T.; Suzuki, H.; Nagae, Y.; Fuji, K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2155. (n) Kawabata, S.; Iwata, N.; Yoneyama, H. Chem. Lett. 2000, 110. (o) Enders, D.; Shivlock, J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2000, 29, 359. (p) Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762. (q) Arend, M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2873. (r) Tunge, J. A.; Gately, D. A.; Norton, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4520. (s) Davis, F. A.; McCoull, W. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3396. (t) Horikawa, M.; Busch-Petersen, J.; Corey, E. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3843. (u) Myers, A. G.; Gleason, J. L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2613. (v) Ratemi, E. S.; Vederas, J. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7605. (w) Williams, R. M.; Hendrix, J. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 889.
24. (a) McLaren, A.; Sweeney, J. B. Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 1339.
25. (b) Cantrill, A. A.; Hall, L. D.; Jarvis, A. J.; Osborn, H. M. I.; Raphy, J.; Sweeney, J. Chem. Commun. 1996, 2631.
26. For reports of aziridine hydrogenolysis, see: (a) Chandrasekhar, S.; Ahmed, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 9325. (b) Davis, F. A.; Liu, H.; Reddy, G. V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5473. (c) Hwang, G.; Chung, J.; Lee, W. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6183. (d) Amrosi, H. D.; Duzec, W.; Ramm, M.; Jahnisch, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7613.
27. For reports of aziridine hydrogenolysis, see: (a) Chandrasekhar, S.; Ahmed, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 9325. (b) Davis, F. A.; Liu, H.; Reddy, G. V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5473. (c) Hwang, G.; Chung, J.; Lee, W. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6183. (d) Amrosi, H. D.; Duzec, W.; Ramm, M.; Jahnisch, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7613.
28. For reports of aziridine hydrogenolysis, see: (a) Chandrasekhar, S.; Ahmed, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 9325. (b) Davis, F. A.; Liu, H.; Reddy, G. V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5473. (c) Hwang, G.; Chung, J.; Lee, W. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6183. (d) Amrosi, H. D.; Duzec, W.; Ramm, M.; Jahnisch, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7613.
29. For reports of aziridine hydrogenolysis, see: (a) Chandrasekhar, S.; Ahmed, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 9325. (b) Davis, F. A.; Liu, H.; Reddy, G. V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 5473. (c) Hwang, G.; Chung, J.; Lee, W. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6183. (d) Amrosi, H. D.; Duzec, W.; Ramm, M.; Jahnisch, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 7613.
30. See, for instance: (a) Cividino, P.; Masson, J.; Molvinger, K.; Court, J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3049. (b) Gamble, M. P.; Smith, A. R. C.; Wills, M. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 6068.
31. See, for instance: (a) Cividino, P.; Masson, J.; Molvinger, K.; Court, J. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3049. (b) Gamble, M. P.; Smith, A. R. C.; Wills, M. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 6068.
32. For a review of the methods available for hydrolysis of acylcamphorsultams, see: Spivey, A. C. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Vol. 2; Paquette, L. A., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1995, 975-981.
33. The Dictionary of Organic Compounds, Vol. 5; Chapman and Hall: London, 1996, 3126.
34. The Dictionary of Organic Compounds, Vol. 4; Chapman and Hall: London, 1996, 3126.