The impact of calcareous nannofossils on the pelagic carbonate accumulation across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 199, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 187-228

  Bornemann, André ^a   Aschwer, Ute ^a   Mutterlose, Jörg ^a  

^a RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Calcareous nannofossils; Carbonate sediments; Cretaceous; Jurassic; Morphometry; Paleoceanography; Size analysis

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CARBONATE; FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE; JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS BOUNDARY; MORPHOMETRY; NANOFOSSIL; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; PELAGIC DEPOSIT; SIZE;

(CENTRAL); ATLANTIC OCEAN;

CONUSPHAERA MEXICANA; CYCLAGELOSPHAERA; NANNOCONUS; POLYCOSTELLA BECKMANNII; TITHONIA; WATZNAUERIA MANIVITAE; ZEUGRHABDOTUS;

EID: 0142063579     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00507-8     Document Type: Article

References (170)

1. Abbink, O., Targarona, J., Brinkhuis, H., Visscher, H., 2001. Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous palaeoclimatic evolution of the southern North Sea. Glob. Planet. Change 30, 231-256.
2. Adatte, T., Stinnesbeck, W., Remane, J., Hubberten, H., 1996. Paleoceanographic changes at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in the Western Tethys, northeastern Mexico. Cretac. Res. 17, 671-690.
3. Andruleit, H., 1995. Coccolithophoriden im Europäischen Nordmeer: Sedimentation und Akkumulation, sowie ihre Entwicklung während der letzten 15.000 Jahre. Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel. Berichte aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 313, 59, 111 pp.
4. Backman, J., Hermelin, J.O.R., 1986. Morphometry of the Eocene nannofossil Reticulofenestra umbilicus lineage and its biochronological consequences. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 57, 103-116.
5. 2. Science 297, 833-836.
6. Baumann, K.-H., Meggers, H., 1996. Palaeoceanographical change in the Labrador Sea during the last 3.1MY: evidence from calcareous plankton records. In: Moguilewski, A., Whatley, R. (Eds.), Microfossils and Oceanic Environments. Aberystwyth Press, Aberystwyth, pp. 131-154.
7. Baumann, K.-H., Čepek, M., Kinkel, H., 1999. Coccolithophore as indicators of water ocean masses, surface-water temperature, and paleoproductivity - Examples from the South Atlantic. In: Fischer, G., Wefer, G. (Eds.), Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography - Examples from the South Atlantic. Springer, Berlin, pp. 117-144.
8. Beaufort, L., Heussner, S., 1999. Coccolithophorids on the continental slope of the Bay of Biscay. Production, transport and contribution to mass fluxes. Deep-Sea Res. II 46, 2147-2174.
9. Berggren, W.A., Hollister, C.D., 1977. Plate tectonics and Paleocirculation - Commotion in the Ocean. Tectonophysics 38, 11-48.
10. 2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci. 291, 339-376.
11. 2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci. 294, 56-91.
12. Bernoulli, D., Jenkyns, H.C., 1974. Alpine, Mediterranean, and central Atrantic Mesozoic facies in relation to the early evolution of the Tethys. SEPM Spec. Publ. 19, 129-160.
13. Bersezio, R., Erba, E., Gorza, M., Riva, A., 2002. Berriasian-Aptian black shales of the Maiolica formation (Lombardian Basin, Southern Alps, Northern Italy): Local to global events. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 180, 253-275.
14. Bijma, J., Spero, J.H., Lea, D.W., 1999. Reassessing foraminiferal stable isotope geochemistry: Impact of the oceanic carbonate system (experimental results). In: Fischer, G., Wefer, G. (Eds.), Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography: Examples from the South Atlantic, Springer, New York, pp. 489-512.
15. Blackwelder, P.L., Weiss, R.E., Wilbur, K.M., 1976. Effects of Calcium, Strontium, and Magnesium on the Coccolithophorid Cricosphaera (Hymenomonas) carterae. I. Calcification. Mar. Biol. 34, 11-16.
16. Bollmann, J., 1997. Morphology and biogeography of Gephyrocapsa coccoliths in Holocene sediments. Mar. Micropaleontol. 29, 319-350.
17. Bollmann, J., Brabec, B., Cortés, M.Y., Geisen, M., 1998. Determination of absolute coccolith abundances in deep-sea sediments by spiking with microbeads and spraying (SMS-method). Mar. Micropaleontol. 38, 29-38.
18. Boss, S.K., Wilkinson, B.H., 1991. Planktogenic/eustatic control on cratonic/oceanic carbonate accumulation. J. Geol. 99, 497-513.
19. Bown, P.R., Cooper, M.K.E., 1998. Jurassic. In: Bown, P.R. (Ed.), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 34-85.
20. Bown, P.R., Burnett, J.A., Gallagher, L.T., 1992. Calcareous nannoplankton evolution. Mem. Sci. Geol. 43, 1-17.
21. Bralower, T.J., Parrow, M., 1996. Morphometrics of the Palaeocene coccolith genera Cruciplacolithus, Chiasmolithus, and Sullivania: A complex evolutionary history. Paleobiology 22, 352-385.
22. Bralower, T.J., Monechi, S., Thierstein, H.R., 1989. Calcareous nannofossil zonation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary Interval and Correlation with the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale. Mar. Micropaleontol. 14, 153-235.
23. Brand, L.E., 1994. Physiological ecology of marine coccolithophores. In: Winter, A., Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 39-49.
24. Brand, L.E., Sunda, W.G., Guillard, R.R.L., 1986. Reduction of marine phytoplankton reproduction rates by copper and cadmium. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 96, 225-250.
25. Brass, G.W., Southam, J.R., Peterson, W.H., 1982. Warm saline bottom water in the ancient ocean. Nature 296, 620-623.
26. 3) flux in the sea of Okhotsk: Seasonality, settling and alteration processes. Mar. Micropaleontol. 39, 179-200.
27. 3 fluxes in the NE Atlantic (34°N 21°W and 48°N 21°W). Deep-Sea Res. II 47, 1877-1905.
28. Burnett, J.A., 1998. Upper Cretaceous. In: Bown, P.R. (Ed.), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 132-199.
29. Busson, G., Noël, D., 1991. Les nannoconidés indicateurs environnementaux des océans et mers épicontinentales du Jurassique terminal et du Crétacé inférieur. Oceanol. Acta 14, 333-356.
30. Casey, R., 1973. The ammonite succession at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in East England. In: Casey, R., Rawson, P.F. (Eds.), The Boreal Lower Cretaceous. Geol. J. Spec. Issue 5, pp. 196-266.
31. Channell, J.E.T., Erba, E., Lini, A., 1993. Magnetostratigraphic calibration of the Late Valanginian carbon isotope event in pelagic limestones from Northern Italy and Switzerland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 118, 145-160.
32. Coccioni, R., Erba, E., Premoli-Silva, I., 1992. Barremian-Aptian calcareous plankton biostratigraphy from the Gorgo Cerbara section (Marche, central Italy) and implications for plankton evolution. Cretac. Res. 13, 517-537.
33. Colom, G., 1955. Jurassic-Cretaceous pelagic sediments of the western Mediterranean zone and the Atlantic area. Micropaleontology 1, 109-124.
34. Cooper, M.K.E., 1984. Nannofossils across the Jurassic/Cretaceous Boundary in the Tethyan Realm. Proc. Int. Symposium on Jurassic Stratigraphy, Erlangen, Sept. 1-8, 1984, Kopenhagen, pp. 429-443.
35. Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Zeltner, A., Billard, C., Young, J.R., 2000. New examples of holococcolith-heterococcolith combination coccospheres and their implications for coccolithophorid biology. Mar. Micropaleontol. 39, 1-34.
36. Deres, F., Achéritéguy, J., 1980. Biostratigraphie des Nannoconidés. Bull. Centr. Rech. Expl. Prod. Elf-Aquitaine 4, 1-53.
37. Doyle, P., 1992. A review of the biogeography of Cretaceous belemnites. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 92, 207-216.
38. Ehrmann, W.U., Thiede, J., 1985. History of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sediment Fluxes to the North Atlantic Ocean. Contrib. Sedimentol. 15, 109 pp.
39. Ehrmann, W.U., Thiede, J., 1986. Correlation of terrigenous and biogenic sediment fluxes in the North Atlantic Ocean during the past 150 my. Geol. Rdsch. 75, 43-55.
40. Elderfield, H., 2002. Carbonate mysteries. Nature 296, 1618-1621.
41. Erba, E., 1987. Mid Cretaceous cyclic pelagic facies from the Umbrian-Marchean Basin: What do calcareous nannofosssils suggest? INA Newslett. 9, 52-53.
42. Erba, E., 1989. Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Nannoconus distribution in some sections from Northern to Central Italy. Mem. Sci. Geol. 41, 255-261.
43. Erba, E., 1991. Calcareous nannofossil distribution in pelagic rhythmic sediments (Aptian-Albian Piobbico core, central Italy). Rev. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 94, 249-284.
44. Erba, E., 1994. Nannofossils and superplumes: The early Aptian 'nannoconid crisis'. Paleoceanography 9, 483-501.
45. Erba, E., Tremolada, F., 2000. Volume calculation of coccoliths and estimates of carbonate fluxes during the Cretaceous. J. Nannoplankton Res. 22, 96.
46. Erba, E., Castradori, D., Guasti, G., Ripepe, M., 1992. Calcareous nannofossils and Milankovitch cycles: The example of the Albian Gault Clay Formation (southern England). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 93, 47-69.
47. Flores, J.A., Sierro, F.J., Raffi, I., 1995. Evolution of the calcareous nannofossil assemblage as a response to the paleoceanographic changes in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean from 4 to 2 Ma (Leg 138, Sites 849 and 852). Sci. Res. Proc. ODP 138, 163-176.
48. Föllmi, K.B., 1995. 160 m.y. record of marine sedimentary phosphorus burial: Cooling of climate and continental weathering under greenhouse and icehouse conditions. Geology 23, 859-862.
49. Frakes, L.A., 1979. Climates Through Geological Time. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 310 pp.
50. Frank, T.D., Arthur, M.A., Dean, W.E., 1999. Diagenesis of Lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates, North Atlantic: Paleoceanographic signals obscured. J. Foraminif. Res. 29, 340-351.
51. 2 concentrations. Mar. Biol. 117, 129-132.
52. Gardner, J.V., Dean, W.E., Jansa, L., 1978. Sediments recovered from the Northwest African continental margin, Leg 41, Deep Sea Drilling Project. Init. Rep. DSDP 41, 1121-1134.
53. Garrison, R.E., Fischer, A.G., 1969. Deep-water limestones and radiolarites of the Alpine Jurassic. SEPM Spec. Publ. 14, 20-56.
54. Geisen, M., Bollmann, J., Herrle, J.O., Mutterlose, J., Young, J.R., 1999. Calibration of the random settling technique for calculation of absolute abundances of calcareous nannoplankton. Micropalaeontology 45, 123-138.
55. Geisen, M., Billard, C., Broerse, A., Cros, L., Probert, I., Young, J.R., 2002. Life-cycle associations involving pairs of holococcolithophorid species: Intraspecific variation or cryptic speciation? Eur. J. Phycol. 37, 531-550.
56. Golónka, J., Ross, M.I., Scotese, C.R., 1994. Phanerozoic paleogeographic and paleoclimatic modeling maps. Can. Soc. Pet. Geol. Mem. 17, 1-47.
57. Gradstein, F.M., Agterberg, F.P., Ogg, J.G., Hardenbol, J., van Veen, P., Thierry, J., Huang, Z., 1994. A Mesozoic time scale. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 24051-24074.
58. Gradstein, F.M., Agterberg, F.P., Ogg, J.G., Hardenbol, J., van Veen, P., Thierry, J., Huang, Z., 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Spec. Publ. 54, 96-126.
59. Green, J.C., Heimdal, B.R., Paasche, E., Moate, R., 1998. Changes in calcification and the dimensions of coccoliths of Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta) grown at reduced salinities. Phycologia 37, 121-131.
60. Haidar, A.T., Thierstein, H.R., Deuser, W.G., 2000. Calcareous phytoplankton standing stocks, fluxes and accumulation in Holocene sediments off Bermuda (N. Atlantic). Deep-Sea Res. II 47, 1907-1938.
61. Hallam, A., 1985. A review of Mesozoic climates. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 142, 433-445.
62. Hallam, A., 1988. A re-evaluation of Jurassic eustasy in the light of new data and the revised Exxon curve. SEPM Spec. Publ. 42, 261-273.
63. Hallam, A., 2001. A review of the broad pattern of Jurassic sea-level changes and their possible causes in the light of current knowledge. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 167, 23-37.
64. Hallam, A., Grose, J.A., Ruffell, A.H., 1991. Palaeoclimatic significance of changes in clay mineralogy across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in England and France. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 81, 173-187.
65. Haq, B.U., Hardenbol, J., Vail, P.R., 1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science 235, 1156-1167.
66. Hardenbol, J., Thierry, J., Farley, M.B., Jacquin, T., de Graciansky, P.-C., Vail, P.R., 1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphic framework of European basins. SEPM Spec. Publ. 60, 3-15.
67. Hay, W.W., 1995. Cretaceous Paleoceanography. Geol. Carp. 46, 257-266.
68. Herrle, J.O., 2003. Reconstructing nutricline dynamics of mid-Cretaceous oceans: Evidence from calcareous nannofossils from the Niveau Paquier black shale (SE France). Mar. Micropaleontol. 47, 307-321.
69. Hoedemaeker, P.J., 1990. The Neocomian boundaries of the Tethyan Realm based on the distribution of ammonites. Cretac. Res. 11, 331-342.
70. Holligan, P.M., Robertson, J.E., 1996. Significance of ocean carbonate budgets for the global carbon cycle. Glob. Change Biol. 2, 85-95.
71. Hollister, C.D., Ewing, J.I. et al., 1972. Site 105 - Lower Continental Rise Hills (Shipboard Scientific Party). Init. Rep. DSDP 11, 219-312.
72. Honjo, S., 1976. Coccoliths: Production, Transportation and Sedimentation. Mar. Micropaleontol. 1, 65-79.
73. 3 production and preservation in the Southern Ocean: Implications for oceanic and atmospheric carbon cycling. Paleoceanography 9, 453-482.
74. Jansa, L.F., Gardner, J.V., Dean, W.E., 1978. Mesozoic sequences of the central North Atlantic. Init. Rep. DSDP 41, 991-1010.
75. Kemper, E., 1987. Das Klima der Kreide-Zeit. Geol. Jahrb. A 96, 5-185.
76. Kinkel, H., Baumann, K.-H., Čepek, M., 2000. Coccolithophores in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Response to seasonal and Late Quaternary surface water variability. Mar. Micropaleontol. 39, 87-112.
77. 2 on coral reefs. Science 284, 118-120.
78. Knappertsbusch, M., 2000. Morphologic evolution of the coccolithophorid Calcidiscus leptoporus from the Early Miocene to Recent. J. Paleontol. 74, 712-730.
79. Knappertsbusch, M., Cortes, M.Y., Thierstein, H.R., 1997. Morphologic variability of the coccolithophorid Calcidiscus leptoporus in the plankton, surface sediments and from the Early Pleistocene. Mar. Micropaleontol. 30, 293-317.
80. Lancelot, Y., Seibold, E. et al., 1978. Site 367: Cape Verde Basin (Shipboard Scientific Party). Init. Rep. DSDP 41, 163-232.
81. Larson, R.L., 1991. Latest pulse of the Earth: Evidence for a mid-Cretaceous superplume. Geology 19, 547-550.
82. 2 partial pressure controls the calcification rate of a coral community. Glob. Change Biol. 6, 329-334.
83. Lini, A., Weissert, H., Erba, E., 1992. The Valanginian carbon isotope event: A first episode of greenhouse climate conditions during the Cretaceous. Terra Nova 4, 374-384.
84. Lohmann, H., 1909. Die Gehäuse und Gallertblasen der Appendicularien und ihre Bedeutung für die Erforschung des Lebens im Meer. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 19, 200-239.
85. MacLeod, K.G., Huber, B.T., Ducharme, M.L., 2000. Paleontological and geochemical constraints on changes in the deep ocean during the Cretaceous greenhouse interval. In: Huber, B.T., MacLeod, K.G., Wing, S.L. (Eds.), Warm Climates in Earth History. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 241-274.
86. Mattioli, E., 1997. Nannoplankton productivity and diagenesis in the rhythmically bedded Toarcian-Aaalenian Fiuminata section (Umbria-Marche Apennine, central Italy). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 130, 113-133.
87. Mattioli, E., Pittet, B., 2002. Contribution of calcareous nannoplankton to carbonate deposition: A new approach applied to the Lower Jurassic of central Italy. Mar. Micropaleontol. 45, 175-190.
88. McIntyre, A., Bé, A.W.H., 1967. Modern Coccolithophoridae of the Atlantic Ocean - I. Placoliths and Cyrtoliths. Deep-Sea Res. 14, 561-597.
89. Milliman, J.D., 1993. Production and accumulation of calcium carbonate in the ocean: Budget of a non-steady state. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 7, 927-957.
90. Milliman, J.D., Droxler, A.W., 1996. Neritic and pelagic carbonate sedimentation in the marine environment: Ignorance is not a bliss. Geol. Rdsch. 85, 496-504.
91. Molfino, B., McIntyre, A., 1990. Precessional forcing of nutricline dynamics in the Equatorial Atlantic. Science 249, 766-769.
92. Mutterlose, J., 1988. Migration and Evolution Patterns in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Belemnites. (Grundzüge von Migration und Evolution bei Belemniten des Oberen Jura und der Unteren Kreide.). In: Wiedmann, J., Kullmann, J. (Eds.), Cephalopods - Present and Past. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 525-537.
93. Mutterlose, J., 1996. Calcareous nannofossil palaeoceanography of the Early Cretaceous of NW Europe. Mitt. Geol. Staatsinst. Hambg. 77, 291-313.
94. Mutterlose, J., Kessels, K., 2000. Early Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils from high latitudes: Implications for palaeobiogeography and palaeoclimate. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 160, 347-372.
95. Mutterlose, J., Brumsack, H., Flögel, S., Hay, W.W., Klein, C., Langrock, U., Lipinski, M., Ricken, W., Söding, E., Stein, R., Swientek, O. 2003. The Greenland-Norwegian Seaway: A key area for understanding Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous paleoenvironments. Paleoceanography 18, 10.1029/2001PA000625.
96. Noël, D., Busson, G., 1991. L'importance des schizosphères, stomiosphères, Conusphaera et Nannoconus dans la genèse des calcaires fins pélagiques du Jurassique et du Crétacé inférieur. Sci. Géol. Bull. 43, 63-93.
97. Ogg, J.G., Robertson, A.H.F., Jansa, L.F., 1983. Jurassic sedimentation history of Site 534 (Western North Atlantic) and of the Atlantic-Tethys seaway. Init. Rep. DSDP 76, 829-885.
98. Pearson, P.N., Palmer, M.R., 2000. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695-699.
99. Perch-Nielsen, K., 1979. Calcareous nannofossils from the Cretaceous between the North Sea and the Mediterranean. In: Wiedmann, J. (Ed.), Aspekte der Kreide. IUGS A6, pp. 223-272.
100. Perch-Nielsen, K., 1985. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils. In: Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 329-427.
101. Pittet, B., Mattioli, E., 2002. The carbonate signal and calcareous nannofossil distribution in an Upper Jurassic section (Balingen-Tieringen, Late Oxfordian, southern Germany). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 179, 71-96.
102. 13C in belemnite rostra from the Jurassic/Early Cretaceous successions. Am. J. Sci. 298, 324-347.
103. org-rich pelagic facies of the Fucoid Marls (Central Italy). Géobios Mem. Spéc. 11, 225-236.
104. Price, G.D., 1999. The evidence and implications of polar ice during the Mesozoic. Earth-Sci. Rev. 48, 183-210.
105. Rawson, P.F., 1994. Sea level changes and their influence on ammoniete biogeography in the European Early Cretaceous. Palaeopelagos Spec. Publ. 1, 317-326.
106. 13C). Mar. Micropaleontol. 10, 117-164.
107. Renaud, S., Ziveri, P., Broerse, A.T.C., 2002. Geographical and seasonal differences in morphology and dynamics of the coccolithophore Calcidiscus leploporus. Mar. Micropaleontol. 46, 363-385.
108. Riebesell, U., Wolf-Gladrow, D.A., Smetacek, V., 1993. Carbon-dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth-rates. Nature 361, 249-251.
109. 2. Nature 407, 4364-4367.
110. Robertson, A.H.F., Bliefnick, D.M., 1983. Sedimentology and origin of Lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates and redeposited clastics, Blake-Bahama Formation, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 534, western equatorian Atlantic. Init. Rep. DSDP 76, 795-828.
111. Ross, M., Scotese, C.R., 1988. A hierarchical tectonic model of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region. Tectonophysics 155, 139-168.
112. Roth, P.H., 1978. Cretaceous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and oceanography of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Init. Rep. DSDP 44, 731-759.
113. Roth, P.H., 1983. Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils in the western North Atlantic (Site 534): Biostratigraphy, preservation, and some observations on biogeography and paleoceanography. Init. Rep. DSDP 76, 587-621.
114. Roth, P.H., 1986. Mesozoic palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic and Tethys Oceans. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 21, 299-320.
115. Roth, P.H., 1989. Ocean circulation and calcareous nannoplankton evolution during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 74, 111-126.
116. Roth, P.H., Berger, W.H., 1975. Distribution and dissolution of coccoliths in the South and central Pacific. Spec. Publ. Cushman Found. Foraminif. Res. 13, 87-113.
117. Roth, P.H., Krumbach, K.R., 1986. Middle Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biogeography and preservation in the Atlantic and Indian oceans: Implications for paleoceanography. Mar. Micropaleontol. 10, 235-266.
118. Roth, P.H., Thierstein, H., 1972. Calcareous nannoplankton: Leg 14 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Init. Rep. DSDP 14, 421-485.
119. Samtleben, C., Bickert, T., 1990. Coccoliths from the Norwegian Sea. Mar. Micropaleontol. 16, 39-64.
120. Schneider, R.R., Schulz, H.D., Hensen, C., 2000. Marine carbonates: Their formation and destruction. In: Schulz, H.D., Zabel, M. (Eds.), Marine Geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, pp. 283-307.
121. Sellwood, B.W., Valdes, P.J., Price, G.D., 2000. Geological evaluation of multiple general circulation model simulations of Late Jurassic palaeoclimate. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 156, 147-160.
122. Shackleton, N., Shipboard Scientific Party, 1995. Sedimentation rates: Towards a GRAPE density stratigraphy for Leg 138 carbonate sections. Init. Rep. ODP 138, pp. 87-92.
123. Shannon, C.E., Weaver, W., 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana, 125 pp.
124. Sheridan, R.E., 1983. Phenomena of pulsation tectonics related to the breakup of the eastern North American continental margin. Init. Rep. DSDP 76, 897-909.
125. Sheridan, R.E., 1997. Pulsation tectonics as a control on the dispersal and assembly of supercontinents. J. Geodyn. 23, 173-196.
126. Sheridan, R.E., Gradstein, P.M. et al., 1983. Site 534: Blakeμ Bahama Basin (Shipboard Scientific Party). Init. Rep. DSDP 76, 141-340.
127. Sprengel, C., Baumann, K.-H., Neuer, S., 2000. Seasonal and interannual variation of coccolithophore fluxes and species composition in sediment traps north of Gran Canada (29°N 15°W). Mar. Micropaleontol. 39, 157-178.
128. Sprengel, C., Baumann, K.-H., Henderiks, J., Henrich, R., Neuer, S., 2002. Modern coccolithophore and carbonate sedimentation along a productivity gradient in the Canary Islands region: Seasonal export production and surface accumulation rates. Deep-Sea Res. II 49, 3577-3598.
129. Steinmetz, J.C., 1994. Sedimentation of coccolithophores. In: Winter, A., Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 179-198.
130. Stevens, G.R., 1973. Cretaceous Belemnites. In: Hallam, A. (Ed.), Atlas of Palaeobiogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 385-401.
131. Stewart, K., Turner, S., Kelley, S., Hawkeswrth, C., Kirstein, L., Mantovani, M., 1996. 3-D Ar-40-Ar-39 geochronology in the Parana continental flood basalt province. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 143, 95-109.
132. Stoll, H.M., Schrag, D.P., 1996. Evidence for glacial control of rapid sea level changes in the Early Cretaceous. Science 272, 1771-1774.
133. Stoll, H.M., Schrag, D.P., 2000. Coccolith Sr/Ca as a new indicator of coccolithophorid calcification and growth rate. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1, 1999GC000015.
134. Street, C., Bown, P.R., 2000. Palaeobiogeography of Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian) calcareous nannoplankton. Mar. Micropaleontol. 39, 265-291.
135. Tajika, E., 1999. Carbon cycle and climate change during the Cretaceous inferred from a biogeochemical carbon cycle model. Isl. Arc 8, 293-303.
136. Thierstein, H.R., 1971. Tentative Lower Cretaceous Calcareous Nannoplankton Zonation. Ecl. Geol. Helv. 64, 459-488.
137. Thierstein, H.R., 1973. Lower Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy. Abh. Geol. Bundesanst. Austria 29, 1-52.
138. Thierstein, H., 1975. Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Mem. BRGM 86, 84-94.
139. Thierstein, H.R., Roth, P.H., 1991. Stable isotopic and carbonate cyclicity in Lower Cretaceous deep-sea sediments: Dominance of diagenetic effects. Mar. Geol. 97, 1-34.
140. Tremolada, F., Erba, E., 2002. Morphometric analyses of Aptian Assipetra infracretacea and Rucinolithus terebrodentarius nannoliths: Implications for taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleoceanography. Mar. Micropaleontol. 44, 77-92.
141. Tremolada, F., Young, J.R., 2002. Volume calculation of Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils. J. Nannoplankton Res. 24, 199-202.
142. Valdes, P.J., Sellwood, B.W., Price, G.D., 1995. Modelling Late Jurassic Milankovitch climate variations. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 85, 115-132.
143. van Andel, T.H., Heath, G.R., Moore, T.C., 1975. Cenozoic history and paleoceanography of the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. GSA Mem. 143, 134 pp.
144. Verbeek, J.W., 1989. Recent calcareous nannoplankton in the southernmost Atlantic. Polarforschung 59, 45-60.
145. Watkins, D.K., 1989. Nannoplankton productivity fluctuations and rhythmically-bedded pelagic carbonates of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 74, 75-86.
146. Weiss, R.E., Blackwelder, P.L., Wilbur, K.M., 1976. Effects of Calcium, Strontium, and Magnesium on the Coccolithophorid Cricosphaera (Hymenomonas) carterae. II. Cell Division. Mar. Biol. 34, 17-22.
147. Weissert, H.J., 1979. Die Palaeoozeanographie der südwestlichen Tethys in der Unterkreide. Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH Zürich 226, 95-156.
148. Weissert, H., Channell, J.E.T., 1989. Tethyan carbonate carbon isotope stratigraphy across the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary: An indicator of decelerated global carbon cycling. Paleoceanography 4, 483-494.
149. Weissert, H., Lini, A., Föllmi, K.B., Kuhn, O., 1998. Correlation of Early Cretaceous carbon isotope stratigraphy and platform drowning events: A possible link? Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 137, 189-203.
150. Westbroek, P., Young, J.R., Linschooten, K., 1989. Coccolith production (biomineralization) in the marine alga Emiliania huxleyi. J. Protozool. 36, 368-373.
151. Westbroek, P., Brown, C.W., van Bleijswijk, J., Brownlee, C., Brummer, G.J., Conte, M., Egge, J., Fernández, E., Jordan, R., Knappertsbusch, M., Stefels, J., Veldhuis, M., van der Wal, P., Young, J., 1993. A model system approach to biological climate forcing. The example of Emiliania huxleyi. Glob. Planet. Change 8, 27-46.
152. Westbroek, P., van Hinte, J.E., Brummer, G.-J., Veldhuis, M., Brownlee, C., Green, J.C., Harris, R., Heimdal, B.R., 1994. Emiliania huxleyi as a key to biospher-geosphere interactions. In: Green, J.C., Leadbeater, B.S.C., (Eds.), The haptophyte algae. Oxford Science Publ., Oxford, pp. 321-334.
153. Wignall, P.B., Ruffell, A.H., 1990. The influence of a sudden climatic change on marine deposition in the Kimmeridgian of northwest Europe. J. Geol. Soc. 147, 365-371.
154. Wilbur, K.M., Watabe, N., 1963. Experimental studies on classification in molluscs and the alga Emiliania huxleyi. Annu. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 103, 82-112.
155. Williams, J.R., Bralower, T.J., 1995. Nannofossil assemblages, fine fraction stable isotopes, and the paleoceanography of the Valaginian-Barremian (Early Cretaceous) North Sea Basin. Paleoceanography 10, 815-839.
156. Winter, A., Jordan, R.W., Roth, P.H., 1994. Biogeography of living coccolithophores in ocean waters. In: Winter, A., Siesser, W.G. (Eds.), Coccolithophores. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 161-178.
157. Winterer, E.L., 1991. The Tethyan Pacific during Late Jurassic and Cretaceous times. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 87, 253-265.
158. org-curve from the Valanginian of DSDP Site 416. Terra Nova 12, 289-294.
159. Young, J.R., 1989. Observations on heterococcolith rim structure and its relationship to developmental processes. In: Crux, J.A., van Heck, S.E. (Eds.), Nannofossils and their Applications. Ellis Horwood. Chichester, pp. 1-20.
160. Young, J.R., 1990. Size variation of Neogene Reticulofenestra coccoliths from Indian Ocean DSDP cores. J. Micropalaeontol. 9, 71-85.
161. Young, J.R., Bown, P.R., 1991. An ontogenetic sequence of coccoliths from the Late Jurassic Kimeridge Clay of England. Palaeontology 34, 843-850.
162. Young, J.R., Westbroek, P., 1991. Genotypic variation in the coccolithophorid species (Emiliania huxleyi). Mar. Micropaleontol. 18, 5-24.
163. Young, J.R., Ziveri, P., 2000. Calculation of coccolith volume and its use in calibration of carbonate flux estimates. Deep-Sea Res. II 47, 1679-1700.
164. Young, J.R., Didymus, J.M., Bown, P.R., Prins, B., Mann, S., 1992. Crystal assembly and phylogenetic evolution in heterococcoliths. Nature 356, 516-518.
165. Young, J.R., Kucera, M., Chung, H.-W., 1996. Automated biometrics on captured light microscope images of coccoliths of Emiliania huxleyi. In: Moguilewski, A., Whatley, R. (Eds.), Microfossils and Oceanic Environments. Aberystwyth Press, Aberystwyth, pp. 261-277.
166. Young, J.R., Bergen, J.A., Bown, P.R., Burnett, J.A., Fiorentino, A., Jordan, R.W., Kleijne, A., van Niel, B.E., Romein, A.J.T., von Salis, K., 1997. Guidelines for coccoliths and calcareous nannofossil terminology. Palaeontology 40, 875-912.
167. Young, J.R., Davis, A.S., Bown, P.R., Mann, S., 1999. Coccolith ultrastructure and biomineralisation. J. Struct. Biology 126, 195-215.
168. Ziegler, P.A., 1990. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe. Shell, The Hague, 239 pp.
169. Ziveri, P., Rutten, A., de Lange, G.J., Thomson, J., Corselli, C., 2000. Present-day coccolith fluxes recorded in central Eastern Mediterranean sediment traps and surface sediments. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 158, 175-195.
170. 2. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 15, 507-516.