메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 6279-6291

Low-Level Pilin Expression Allows for Substantial DNA Transformation Competence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; ISOPROPYL BETA THIOGALACTOSIDE; LACTOSE; PILIN; PILIN S; PYRANOSIDE; THIOGLYCOSIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

EID: 0141796222     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.11.6279-6291.2003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0042072799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inhibitor of DNA binding and uptake events dictates the proficiency of genetic transformation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Mechanism of action and links to type IV pilus expression
    • Aas, F. E., C. Lovold, and M. Koomey. 2002. An inhibitor of DNA binding and uptake events dictates the proficiency of genetic transformation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: mechanism of action and links to type IV pilus expression. Mol. Microbiol. 46:1441-1450.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.46 , pp. 1441-1450
    • Aas, F.E.1    Lovold, C.2    Koomey, M.3
  • 2
    • 0024552787 scopus 로고
    • Transformation-deficient mutants of piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Biswas, G. D., S. A. Lacks, and P. F. Sparling. 1989. Transformation-deficient mutants of piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Bacteriol. 171:657-664.
    • (1989) J. Bacteriol. , vol.171 , pp. 657-664
    • Biswas, G.D.1    Lacks, S.A.2    Sparling, P.F.3
  • 3
    • 0018821703 scopus 로고
    • A function of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO polar pili: Twitching motility
    • Bradley, D. E. 1980. A function of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO polar pili: twitching motility. Can. J. Microbiol. 26:146-154.
    • (1980) Can. J. Microbiol. , vol.26 , pp. 146-154
    • Bradley, D.E.1
  • 4
    • 0242360953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA transport during transformation
    • Chen, I., and D. Dubnau. 2003. DNA transport during transformation. Front Biosci. 8:S544-S556.
    • (2003) Front Biosci. , vol.8
    • Chen, I.1    Dubnau, D.2
  • 5
    • 0029560821 scopus 로고
    • The product of the pilQ gene is essential for the biogenesis of type IV pili in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Drake, S. L., and M. Koomey. 1995. The product of the pilQ gene is essential for the biogenesis of type IV pili in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol. Microbiol. 18:975-986.
    • (1995) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.18 , pp. 975-986
    • Drake, S.L.1    Koomey, M.2
  • 6
    • 0028264802 scopus 로고
    • Type IV prepilin peptidase gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11: Presence of a related gene in other piliated and nonpiliated Neisseria strains
    • Dupuy, B., and A. P. Pugsley. 1994. Type IV prepilin peptidase gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11: presence of a related gene in other piliated and nonpiliated Neisseria strains. J. Bacteriol. 176:1323-1331.
    • (1994) J. Bacteriol. , vol.176 , pp. 1323-1331
    • Dupuy, B.1    Pugsley, A.P.2
  • 8
    • 0020793569 scopus 로고
    • A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity
    • Feinberg, A. P., and B. Vogelstein. 1983. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 132:6-13.
    • (1983) Anal. Biochem. , vol.132 , pp. 6-13
    • Feinberg, A.P.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 9
    • 0032905128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystallographic structure reveals phosphorylated pilin from Neisseria: Phosphoserine sites modify type IV pilus surface chemistry and fibre morphology
    • Forest, K. T., S. A. Dunham, M. Koomey, and J. A. Tainer. 1999. Crystallographic structure reveals phosphorylated pilin from Neisseria: phosphoserine sites modify type IV pilus surface chemistry and fibre morphology. Mol. Microbiol. 31:743-752.
    • (1999) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 743-752
    • Forest, K.T.1    Dunham, S.A.2    Koomey, M.3    Tainer, J.A.4
  • 10
    • 0029008485 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the pilF-pilD pilus-assembly locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Freitag, N. E., H. S. Seifert, and M. Koomey. 1995. Characterization of the pilF-pilD pilus-assembly locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol. Microbiol. 95:575-586.
    • (1995) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.95 , pp. 575-586
    • Freitag, N.E.1    Seifert, H.S.2    Koomey, M.3
  • 11
    • 0029867376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel peptidoglycan-linked lipoprotein (ComL) that functions in natural transformation competence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Fussenegger, M., D. Facius, J. Meier, and T. F. Meyer. 1996. A novel peptidoglycan-linked lipoprotein (ComL) that functions in natural transformation competence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol. Microbiol. 19:1095-1105.
    • (1996) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.19 , pp. 1095-1105
    • Fussenegger, M.1    Facius, D.2    Meier, J.3    Meyer, T.F.4
  • 12
    • 0030007183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrapac (tpc), a novel genotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae affecting epithelial cell invasion, natural transformation competence and cell separation
    • Fussenegger, M., A. F. Kahrs, D. Facius, and T. F. Meyer. 1996. Tetrapac (tpc), a novel genotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae affecting epithelial cell invasion, natural transformation competence and cell separation. Mol. Microbiol. 19:1357-1372.
    • (1996) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.19 , pp. 1357-1372
    • Fussenegger, M.1    Kahrs, A.F.2    Facius, D.3    Meyer, T.F.4
  • 13
    • 0024553011 scopus 로고
    • Reassortment of pilin genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae occurs by two distinct mechanisms
    • Gibbs, C. P., B. Y. Reimann, E. Schultz, A. Kaufmann, R. Haas, and T. F. Meyer. 1989. Reassortment of pilin genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae occurs by two distinct mechanisms. Nature 338:651-652.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.338 , pp. 651-652
    • Gibbs, C.P.1    Reimann, B.Y.2    Schultz, E.3    Kaufmann, A.4    Haas, R.5    Meyer, T.F.6
  • 14
    • 0023488838 scopus 로고
    • Release of soluble pilin antigen coupled with gene conversion in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Haas, R., H. Schwarz, and T. F. Meyer. 1987. Release of soluble pilin antigen coupled with gene conversion in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:9079-9083.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 9079-9083
    • Haas, R.1    Schwarz, H.2    Meyer, T.F.3
  • 15
    • 0016733939 scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of twitching motility among gram-negative bacteria
    • Henrichsen, J. 1975. The occurrence of twitching motility among gram-negative bacteria. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. B 83:171-178.
    • (1975) Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. B , vol.83 , pp. 171-178
    • Henrichsen, J.1
  • 16
    • 0032878817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertion mutations in pilE differentially alter gonococcal pilin antigenic variation
    • Howell-Adams, B., and H. S. Seifert. 1999. Insertion mutations in pilE differentially alter gonococcal pilin antigenic variation. J. Bacteriol. 181:6133-6141.
    • (1999) J. Bacteriol. , vol.181 , pp. 6133-6141
    • Howell-Adams, B.1    Seifert, H.S.2
  • 17
    • 0000736659 scopus 로고
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Virulence genetically linked to clonal variation
    • Kellogg, D. S., Jr., W. L. Peacock, W. E. Deacon, L. Brown, and C. I. Pirkle. 1963. Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Virulence genetically linked to clonal variation. J. Bacteriol. 85:1274-1279.
    • (1963) J. Bacteriol. , vol.85 , pp. 1274-1279
    • Kellogg D.S., Jr.1    Peacock, W.L.2    Deacon, W.E.3    Brown, L.4    Pirkle, C.I.5
  • 20
    • 0031948650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons between colony phase variation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FAI090 and pilus, pilin, and S-pilin expression
    • Long, C. D., R. N. Madraswala, and H. S. Seifert. 1998. Comparisons between colony phase variation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FAI090 and pilus, pilin, and S-pilin expression. Infect. Immun. 66:1918-1927.
    • (1998) Infect. Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 1918-1927
    • Long, C.D.1    Madraswala, R.N.2    Seifert, H.S.3
  • 22
    • 0037058989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maier, B., L. Potter, M. So, C. D. Long, H. S. Seifert, and M. P. Sheetz. 2002. Single pilus motor forces exceed 100 pN. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:16012-16017. (Erratum, 100:6287, 2003.)
    • (2003) Erratum , vol.100 , pp. 6287
  • 23
    • 0031766235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential roles of homologous recombination pathways in Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin antigenic variation, DNA transformation, and DNA repair
    • Mehr, I. J., and H. S. Seifert. 1998. Differential roles of homologous recombination pathways in Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin antigenic variation, DNA transformation, and DNA repair. Mol. Microbiol. 30:697-710.
    • (1998) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.30 , pp. 697-710
    • Mehr, I.J.1    Seifert, H.S.2
  • 24
    • 0034618643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilus retraction powers bacterial twitching motility
    • Merz, A. J., M. So, and M. P. Sheetz. 2000. Pilus retraction powers bacterial twitching motility. Nature 407:98-102.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 98-102
    • Merz, A.J.1    So, M.2    Sheetz, M.P.3
  • 26
    • 0016266549 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting autolysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Morse, S. A., and L. Bartenstein. 1974. Factors affecting autolysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 145:1418-1421.
    • (1974) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.145 , pp. 1418-1421
    • Morse, S.A.1    Bartenstein, L.2
  • 27
    • 0018866264 scopus 로고
    • High-molecular-weight antigenic protein complex in the outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Newhall, W. J., C. E. Wilde, W. D. Sawyer, and R. A. Haak. 1980. High-molecular-weight antigenic protein complex in the outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect. Immun. 27:475-482.
    • (1980) Infect. Immun. , vol.27 , pp. 475-482
    • Newhall, W.J.1    Wilde, C.E.2    Sawyer, W.D.3    Haak, R.A.4
  • 28
    • 0025292817 scopus 로고
    • Products of three accessory genes, pilB, pilC, and pilD, are required for biogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili
    • Nunn, D., S. Bergman, and S. Lory. 1990. Products of three accessory genes, pilB, pilC, and pilD, are required for biogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili. J. Bacteriol. 172:2911-2919.
    • (1990) J. Bacteriol. , vol.172 , pp. 2911-2919
    • Nunn, D.1    Bergman, S.2    Lory, S.3
  • 29
    • 0034792697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of Candida albicans actin mRNA by the LightCycler system as a means of assessing viability in a model of cutaneous candidiasis
    • Okeke, C. N., R. Tsuboi, and H. Ogawa. 2001. Quantification of Candida albicans actin mRNA by the LightCycler system as a means of assessing viability in a model of cutaneous candidiasis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:3491-3494.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 3491-3494
    • Okeke, C.N.1    Tsuboi, R.2    Ogawa, H.3
  • 31
    • 0028979820 scopus 로고
    • Role of pili and the phase-variable PilC protein in natural competence for transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Rudel, T., D. Facius, R. Barten, I. Scheuerpflug, E. Nonnenmacher, and T. F. Meyer. 1995. Role of pili and the phase-variable PilC protein in natural competence for transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:7986-7990.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 7986-7990
    • Rudel, T.1    Facius, D.2    Barten, R.3    Scheuerpflug, I.4    Nonnenmacher, E.5    Meyer, T.F.6
  • 32
    • 0028795092 scopus 로고
    • Neisseria PilC protein identified as type-4 pilus tip-located adhesin
    • Rudel, T., I. Scheurerpflug, and T. F. Meyer. 1995. Neisseria PilC protein identified as type-4 pilus tip-located adhesin. Nature 373:357-359.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 357-359
    • Rudel, T.1    Scheurerpflug, I.2    Meyer, T.F.3
  • 33
    • 0032511192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macromolecular assembly and secretion across the bacterial cell envelope: Type II protein secretion systems
    • Russel, M. 1998. Macromolecular assembly and secretion across the bacterial cell envelope: type II protein secretion systems. J. Mol. Biol. 279:485-499.
    • (1998) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.279 , pp. 485-499
    • Russel, M.1
  • 35
    • 0030995983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insertionally inactivated and inducible recA alleles for use in Neisseria
    • Seifert, H. S. 1997. Insertionally inactivated and inducible recA alleles for use in Neisseria. Gene 188:215-220.
    • (1997) Gene , vol.188 , pp. 215-220
    • Seifert, H.S.1
  • 36
    • 0025189879 scopus 로고
    • Shuttle mutagenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Pilin null mutations lower DNA transformation competence
    • Seifert, H. S., R. S. Ajioka, D. Paruchuri, F. Heffron, and M. So. 1990. Shuttle mutagenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: pilin null mutations lower DNA transformation competence. J. Bacteriol. 172:40-46.
    • (1990) J. Bacteriol. , vol.172 , pp. 40-46
    • Seifert, H.S.1    Ajioka, R.S.2    Paruchuri, D.3    Heffron, F.4    So, M.5
  • 37
    • 0031898395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Serkin, C. D., and H. S. Seifert. 1998. Frequency of pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Bacteriol. 180:1955-1958.
    • (1998) J. Bacteriol. , vol.180 , pp. 1955-1958
    • Serkin, C.D.1    Seifert, H.S.2
  • 38
    • 0036138216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type IV pilus-dependent motility and its possible role in bacterial pathogenesis
    • Shi, W., and H. Sun. 2002. Type IV pilus-dependent motility and its possible role in bacterial pathogenesis. Infect. Immun. 70:1-4.
    • (2002) Infect. Immun. , vol.70 , pp. 1-4
    • Shi, W.1    Sun, H.2
  • 39
    • 0013974742 scopus 로고
    • Genetic transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to streptomycin resistance
    • Sparling, P. F. 1966. Genetic transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to streptomycin resistance. J. Bacteriol. 92:1364-1371.
    • (1966) J. Bacteriol. , vol.92 , pp. 1364-1371
    • Sparling, P.F.1
  • 41
    • 0027385590 scopus 로고
    • Structure-function and biogenesis of the type IV pili
    • Strom, M. S., and S. Lory. 1993. Structure-function and biogenesis of the type IV pili. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 47:565-596.
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.47 , pp. 565-596
    • Strom, M.S.1    Lory, S.2
  • 42
    • 0029030966 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of pilG, a highly conserved pilus-assembly gene in pathogenic Neisseria
    • Tonjum, T., N. E. Freitag, E. Namork, and M. Koomey. 1995. Identification and characterization of pilG, a highly conserved pilus-assembly gene in pathogenic Neisseria. Mol. Microbiol. 95:451-464.
    • (1995) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.95 , pp. 451-464
    • Tonjum, T.1    Freitag, N.E.2    Namork, E.3    Koomey, M.4
  • 43
    • 0030913947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pilus colonization factor of pathogenic neisserial species: Organelle biogenesis and structure/function relationships - A review
    • Tonjum, T., and M. Koomey. 1997. The pilus colonization factor of pathogenic neisserial species: organelle biogenesis and structure/function relationships - a review. Gene 192:155-163.
    • (1997) Gene , vol.192 , pp. 155-163
    • Tonjum, T.1    Koomey, M.2
  • 44
    • 0024354117 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and DNA sequence of the omc gene encoding the outer membrane protein-macromolecular complex from Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Tsai, W. M., S. H. Larsen, and C. E. Wilde. 1989. Cloning and DNA sequence of the omc gene encoding the outer membrane protein-macromolecular complex from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect. Immun. 57:2653-2659.
    • (1989) Infect. Immun. , vol.57 , pp. 2653-2659
    • Tsai, W.M.1    Larsen, S.H.2    Wilde, C.E.3
  • 45
    • 0032901093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Myxococcus xanthus pilQ (sglA) gene encodes a secretin homolog required for type IV pilus biogenesis, social motility, and development
    • Wall, D., P. E. Kolenbrander, and D. Kaiser. 1999. The Myxococcus xanthus pilQ (sglA) gene encodes a secretin homolog required for type IV pilus biogenesis, social motility, and development. J. Bacteriol. 181:24-33.
    • (1999) J. Bacteriol. , vol.181 , pp. 24-33
    • Wall, D.1    Kolenbrander, P.E.2    Kaiser, D.3
  • 46
    • 0031695884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phosphorylcholine epitope undergoes phase variation on a 43-kilodalton protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and on pili of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Weiser, J. N., J. B. Goldberg, N. Pan, L. Wilson, and M. Virji. 1998. The phosphorylcholine epitope undergoes phase variation on a 43-kilodalton protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and on pili of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect. Immun. 66:4263-4267.
    • (1998) Infect. Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 4263-4267
    • Weiser, J.N.1    Goldberg, J.B.2    Pan, N.3    Wilson, L.4    Virji, M.5
  • 47
    • 0025878130 scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa twitching motility gene and evidence for a specialised protein export system widespread in eubacteria
    • Whitchurch, C. B., M. Hobbs, S. P. Livingston, V. Krishnapillai, and J. S. Mattick. 1991. Characterisation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa twitching motility gene and evidence for a specialised protein export system widespread in eubacteria. Gene 101:33-44.
    • (1991) Gene , vol.101 , pp. 33-44
    • Whitchurch, C.B.1    Hobbs, M.2    Livingston, S.P.3    Krishnapillai, V.4    Mattick, J.S.5
  • 48
    • 0031824719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PilT mutations lead to simultaneous defects in competence for natural transformation and twitching motility in piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae
    • Wolfgang, M., P. Lauer, H.-S. Park, L. Brossay, J. Hébert, and M. Koomey. 1998. PilT mutations lead to simultaneous defects in competence for natural transformation and twitching motility in piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol. Microbiol. 29:312-330.
    • (1998) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.29 , pp. 312-330
    • Wolfgang, M.1    Lauer, P.2    Park, H.-S.3    Brossay, L.4    Hébert, J.5    Koomey, M.6
  • 49
    • 0034406525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Components and dynamics of fiber formation define a ubiquitous biogenesis pathway for bacterial pili
    • Wolfgang, M., J. P. van Putten, S. F. Hayes, D. Dorward, and M. Koomey. 2000. Components and dynamics of fiber formation define a ubiquitous biogenesis pathway for bacterial pili. EMBO J. 19:6408-6418.
    • (2000) EMBO J. , vol.19 , pp. 6408-6418
    • Wolfgang, M.1    Van Putten, J.P.2    Hayes, S.F.3    Dorward, D.4    Koomey, M.5
  • 50
    • 0032982528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comP locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes a type IV prepilin that is dispensable for pilus biogenesis but essential for natural transformation
    • Wolfgang, M., J. P. van Putten, S. F. Hayes, and M. Koomey. 1999. The comP locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes a type IV prepilin that is dispensable for pilus biogenesis but essential for natural transformation. Mol. Microbiol. 31:1345-1357.
    • (1999) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 1345-1357
    • Wolfgang, M.1    Van Putten, J.P.2    Hayes, S.F.3    Koomey, M.4
  • 51
    • 0028012213 scopus 로고
    • Nonrepresentative PCR amplification of variable gene sequences in clinical specimens containing dilute, complex mixtures of microorganisms
    • Wright, C. J., A. E. Jerse, M. S. Cohen, J. G. Cannon, and H. S. Seifert. 1994. Nonrepresentative PCR amplification of variable gene sequences in clinical specimens containing dilute, complex mixtures of microorganisms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:464-468.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.32 , pp. 464-468
    • Wright, C.J.1    Jerse, A.E.2    Cohen, M.S.3    Cannon, J.G.4    Seifert, H.S.5
  • 52
    • 0031021830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Myxococcus xanthus pilT locus is required for social gliding motility although pili are still produced
    • Wu, S. S., J. Wu, and D. Kaiser. 1997. The Myxococcus xanthus pilT locus is required for social gliding motility although pili are still produced. Mol. Microbiol. 23:109-121.
    • (1997) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.23 , pp. 109-121
    • Wu, S.S.1    Wu, J.2    Kaiser, D.3
  • 53
    • 0026647913 scopus 로고
    • Gene conversion in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Evidence for its role in pilus antigenic variation
    • Zhang, Q. Y., D. DeRyckere, P. Lauer, and M. Koomey. 1992. Gene conversion in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evidence for its role in pilus antigenic variation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5366-5370.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 5366-5370
    • Zhang, Q.Y.1    DeRyckere, D.2    Lauer, P.3    Koomey, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.