A brief history of sudden cardiac death and its therapy

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 100, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 89-99

  Janse, Michiel J ^a  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Antiarrhythmic drugs; Coronary artery disease; Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Randomized prospective clinical trials; Reentry; Ventricular fibrillation

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BISOPROLOL; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOFETILIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; METOPROLOL; PROPAFENONE; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; SOTALOL;

CARDIOPULMONARY INSUFFICIENCY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER MODEL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CORONARY ARTERY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DEFIBRILLATION; DRUG FATALITY; ELECTRIC CURRENT; ELECTRIC SHOCK; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; FOLLOW UP; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART ATRIUM APPENDAGE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART DEATH; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MASSAGE; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART RATE; HEART RUPTURE; HEART VENTRICLE EJECTION; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMPLANTATION; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REENTRY ARRHYTHMIA; REFRACTORY PERIOD; REVIEW; SINUS RHYTHM; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SYMPATHETIC TONE; SYNCOPE; TORSADE DES POINTES;

EID: 0141785230     PISSN: 01637258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-7258(03)00104-9     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Acierno L.J. The History of Cardiology. 1994;Parthenon Publishing Group, London.
2. Allessie M.A., Bonke F.I.M., Schopman F.J.G. Circus movement in rabbit atrial muscle as a mechanism of tachycardia: III. The "leading circle" concept: A new model of circus movement in cardiac tissue without the involvement of an anatomical obstacle. Circ Res. 41:1977;9-18.
3. Allessie M.A., Lammers W.J.E.P., Bonke F.I.M., Hollen J. Experimental evaluation of Moe's multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. Zipes D.P., Jalife J. Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmias. 1985;265-275 Grune & Stratton, Orlando.
4. Amiodarone Trials Meta-Analysis Investigators Effect of prophylactic amiodarone on mortality after acute myocardial infarction and in congestive heart failure: Meta-analysis of individual data from 6500 patients in randomised trials. Lancet. 350:1997;1417-1424.
5. Athill C.A., Ikeda T., Kim Y.-H., Wu T.-J., Fishbein M.C., Karagueuzian H.S., Chen P.-S. Transmembrane potential properties at the core of functional reentrant wavefronts in isolated canine right atria. Circulation. 98:1998;1556-1567.
6. Beck C.F., Pritchard W.H., Feil H.S. Ventricular fibrillation of long duration abolished by electric shock. JAMA. 136:1947;985-986.
7. Begold A. Von den Veraenderungen des Herzschlages nach Verschliessung der Coronararterien. Unters Physiol Lab Wurzb. 2:1867;256-287.
8. Bigger J.T. Jr., Flaiss J.L., Kleiger J., Miller J.P., Rolnitzky L.M., the Multicenter Post-Infarction Research Group The relationship among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality two years after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 69:1984;250-258.
9. Bigger J.T. Jr. Prophylactic use of implanted cardiac defibrillators in patients at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. N Engl J Med. 337:1997;1569-1575.
10. Bing R.J. Cardiology. The Evolution of the Science and the Art. 2nd ed. 1999;Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick.
11. Boutitie F., Boissel J.-P., Conolly S., Camm A.J., Cairns J.A., Julian D.G., Gent M., Janse M.J., Dorian P., Frangin G., the EMIAT and CAMIAT Investigators Amiodarone interaction with beta-blockers. Analysis of the merged EMIAT and CAMIAT databases. Circulation. 99:1999;2268-2275.
12. Brown K.W.G., MacMillan R.L., Forbath N., Mel'Grano F., Scott J.W. Coronary unit. An intensive care centre for acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. II:1963;349-352.
13. Burkart F., Pfisterer M., Kiowski W., Follath F., Burckhardt D. Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Basel Antiarrhythmic Study of Infarct Survival (BASIS). J Am Coll Cardiol. 16:1990;1711-1718.
14. Buxton A.E., Lee K.L., Fisher J.D., Josephson M.E., Prystowsky E.N., Hafley G. A randomised study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 341:1999;1882-1890.
15. Cairns J.A., Conolly S.J., Roberts R.S., Gent M., the CAMIAT Investigators Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive premature depolarisations. Lancet. 349:1997;675-682.
16. CIBIS-II Investigators The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomised trial. Lancet. 353:1999;9-13.
17. CIDS Investigator: Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study, Conolly S.J., Gent M., Roberts R.S., Dorian P., Roy D., Sheldon R.S., Mitchell L.B., Green M.S., Klein G.J., O'Brien B. A randomised trial of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator against amiodarone. Circulation. 101:2000;1297-1302.
18. Cobb L.A., Werner J.A., Trobaugh G.B. Sudden cardiac death: I. A decade's experience with out-of-hospital resuscitation. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis. 49:1980;31-36.
19. Cohnheim J., Von Schulthess-Rechberg A.V. Ueber die Folgen der Kranzarterienverschliessung fuer das Herz. Virchows Arch. 85:1881;503-537.
20. Danish Investigators of Arrhythmias and Mortality on Dofetilide Study Group, Torp-Pederson C., Moller M., Bloch-Thomsen P.E., Kober L., Sandoe E., Egstrup K., Agner E., Carlsen J., Videbaek J., Marchant B., Camm A.J. Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 341:1999;879-911.
21. Davidenko J.M., Pertsov A.M., Salomonsz R., Baxter W., Jalife J. Stationary and drifting spiral waves of excitation in isolated cardiac muscle. Nature. 355:1992;349-351.
22. Day H.W. A cardiac resuscitation program. Lancet. 82:1962;153-156.
23. De Boer S. De pathologische physiologie en farmacologie van den onregelmatige hartslag. 1935;346 Wolters, Groningen.
24. de Lorgeril M., Salen P., Paillard F., Laporte F., Boucher F., de Leiris J. Mediterranean diet and the French paradox: Two distinct biogeographic concepts for one consolidated scientific theory on the role of nutrition in coronary heart disease. Cardiovasc Res. 54:2002;503-511.
25. DeSilva R. George Ralph Mines, ventricular fibrillation and the discovery of the vulnerable period. J Am Coll Cardiol. 29:1997;1397-1402.
26. Doval H.C., Nul D.R., Grancelli H.O., Perrone S.V., Bortman G.R., Curiel R. Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Lancet. 344:1994;493-498.
27. Erichsen J.E. On the influence of the coronary circulation on the action of the heart. Lond Med Gaz. 2:1841-1842;561-565.
28. Euroheart Survey The European Society of Cardiology. 2002;European Heart House, Sophia Antipolis, France.
29. Fast V.G., Kleber A.G. Role of wavefront curvature in propagation of cardiac impulse. Cardiovasc Res. 33:1997;258-271.
30. Garguichevich J.J., Ramos J.L., Gambarte A., Gentile A., Hauad S., Scapino O., Sirena J. Effect of amiodarone therapy on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Argentine Pilot Study of Sudden Death and Amiodarone. Am Heart J. 130:1995;494-500.
31. Garrey W.E. The nature of fibrillar contractions of the heart. Its relation to tissue mass and form. Am J Physiol. 33:1914;397-414.
32. Garrey W.E. Auricular fibrillation. Physiol Rev. 4:1924;215-250.
33. Gottlieb S.S. Dead is dead - artificial definitions are no substitute. Lancet. 349:1997;662-663.
34. Gray R., Pertsov A.M., Jalife J. Spatial and temporal organization during cardiac fibrillation. Nature. 392:1998;75-78.
35. Green T. On death from chloroform: Its prevention by galvanism. Br Med J. 1872;551-553.
36. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nel'infarto miocardico (GISSI) Effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy. Lancet. I:1986;397-402.
37. Haverkamp W., Breithardt G., Camm A.J., Janse M.J., Rosen M.R., Antzelevitch C., Escande D., Franz M., Malik M., Moss A., Shah R. The potential for QT prolongation and pro-arrhythmia by non-anti-arrhythmic drugs: Clinical and regulatory implications. Cardiovasc Res. 47:2000;133-219.
38. Hoffa M., Ludwig C. Einige neue Versuche ueber Herzbewegung. Z Ration Med. 9:1850;107-144.
39. Hooker D.R., Kouwenhoven W.B., Langworthy O.R. The effect of alternating current on the heart. Am J Physiol. 103:1933;444-454.
40. ISIS-I Collaborative Group Mechanisms for the early mortality reduction produced by beta-blockade started early in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1:1988;921-923.
41. ISIS-2 Collaborative Group Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17. 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction, ISIS-2 Lancet. II:1988;349-360.
42. Janse M.J., van Capelle F.J.L., Morsink H., Kleber A.G., Wilms-Schopman F.J.L., Cardinal R., Naumann d'Alnoncourt C., Durrer D. Flow of «injury» current and patterns of excitation during early ventricular arrhythmias in acute regional myocardial ischemia in isolated porcine and canine hearts. Evidence for two different arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Circ Res. 47:1980;151-165.
43. Janse M.J., Malik M., Camm A.J., Julian D.G., Frangin G.A., Schwartz P.J. Identification of post acute myocardial infarction patients with potential benefit from prophylactic treatment with amiodarone. A substudy of EMIAT. Eur Heart J. 19:1998;85-95.
44. Julian D.G. Treatment of cardiac arrest in acute myocardial ischaemia and infarction. Lancet. 14:1961, Oct. 840-844.
45. Julian D.G. The evolution of the coronary care unit. Cardiovasc Res. 51:2001;621-624.
46. Julian D.G., Valentine P.A., Miller G.G. Disturbances of rate, rhythm and conduction in acute myocardial infarction. A prospective study of 100 consecutive unselected patients with the aid of electrocardiographic monitoring. Am J Med. 37:1964;915-927.
47. Julian D.G., Camm A.J., Frangin G., Janse M.J., Munoz A., Schwartz P.J., Simon P. Randomised trial of effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT. Lancet. 349:1997;667-674.
48. Kjekshus J.K. Importance of heart rate in determining beta-blocker activity in acute and long-term acute myocardial infarction intervention trials. Am J Cardiol. 57:1986;43F-49F.
49. Kodama I., Kamiya K., Toyama J. Cellular electropharmacology of amiodarone. Cardiovasc Res. 35:1997;13-29.
50. Kouwenhoven W.B., Jude J.R., Knickerbocker G.G. Closed-chest cardiac massage. JAMA. 173:1960;1064-1067.
51. Kuck K.-H., Cappato R., Siebels J. ICD Therapy. 1996;Futura Publishing, Armonk, NY.
52. Kuck K.H., Cappato R., Siebels J., Ruppel R. Randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest: The Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH). Circulation. 102:2000;748-754.
53. Lehman M.H., Hardy S., Archibald D., Quart B., McNeill D.J. Sex difference in risk of torsade de pointes with D,L sotalol. Circulation. 94:1996;2535-2541.
54. Levy A.G., Lewis T. Heart irregularities, resulting from the inhalation of low percentages of chloroform vapour, and their relationship to ventricular fibrillation. Heart. 3:1911;99.
55. Lewis T. The experimental production of paroxysmal tachycardia and the effect of ligation of the coronary arteries. Heart. 1:1909;98-137.
56. Lewis T. Lectures on the Heart. 1915;Paul B. Hoeber, New York.
57. Liu X.-K., Katchman A., Drici M.-D., Ebert S.N., Ducic I., Morad M., Woosley R. Gender differences in cycle-length dependent QT and potassium currents in rabbits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 285:1998;672-679.
58. Lown B. Electrical reversion of cardiac arrhythmias. Br Heart J. 29:1967;469-489.
59. Lown B. Sudden cardiac death: The major challenge confronting contemporary cardiology. Am J Cardiol. 43:1979;313-329.
60. Lown B. The growth of ideas. Defibrillation and cardioversion. Cardiovasc Res. 55:2002;220-224.
61. Lown B., Amarasingham R., Neuman J. New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias. Use of synchronised capacitor discharge. JAMA. 182:1962;548-555.
62. Lown B., Fakhro A.M., Hood W.B., Thorn G.W. The coronary care unit. New perspectives and directions. JAMA. 199:1967;188-198.
63. Luederitz B. History of the Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm. 1995;Futura Publishing, Armonk, NY.
64. Luu M., Stevenson W.G., Stevenson L.W., Baron K., Walden J. Diverse mechanisms of unexpected cardiac arrest in advanced heart failure. Circulation. 80:1989;1675-1680.
65. Mackenzie J. Diseases of the Heart. 1918;178-254 Oxford University Press, Frederic Hall.
66. MacWilliam J.A. Some applications of physiology to medicine: II. Ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. Br Med J. August 11 and 18:1923;7-43.
67. Mayer, A. G. (1906). Rhythmical pulsation in scyphomedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, publication no. 47, 1-62.
68. McWilliam J.A. Fibrillar contraction of the heart. J Physiol (Lond). 8:1887;296-310.
69. McWilliam J.A. On electrical stimulation of the mammalian heart. Trans Int Med Congress, 9th Session, Washington. vol. III:1887;253.
70. McWilliam J.A. Cardiac failure and sudden death. Br Med J. 1:1889;6-8.
71. MERIT-HF Study Group Effect of metropolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure. Randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 353:1999;2001-2007.
72. Mines G.R. On dynamic equilibrium of the heart. J Physiol (Lond). 46:1913;349-382.
73. Mines G.R. On circulating excitation in heart muscles and their possible relation to tachycardia and fibrillation. Trans R Soc Can. IV:1914;43-52.
74. Mirowski M., Mower M.M., Staewen W.S., Tabaznik B., Mendelhoff A.I. Standby automatic defibrillator. Arch Int Med. 126:1970;158-161.
75. Mirowski M., Reid P.R., Mower M.M., Watkins L., Gott V.L., Schauble J.F., Langer A., Heilman M.S., Kolenik S.A., Fischell R.E., Weisfeldt M.C. Termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an implanted automatic defibrillator in human beings. N Engl J Med. 303:1980;322-324.
76. Moe G.K. On the multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 140:1962;183-188.
77. Moe G.K. Oscillating concepts in arrhythmia research; a personal account. Int J Cardiol. 5:1984;109-113.
78. Moe G.K., Rheinboldt W.C., Abildskov J.A. A computer model of atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 67:1964;200-220.
79. Moss A.J. Antiarrhythmic device trials. Malik M. Risk of Arrhythmia and Sudden Death. 2001;379-388 BMJ Books, London.
80. Moss A.J., Hall W.J., Cannom D.S., Daubert J.P., Higgins S.L., Klein H., Levine J.H. Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 335:1996;1933-1940.
81. Moss A.J., Zareba W., Hall W.J., Klein H., Wilber D.J., Cannom D.S., Daubert J.P., Higgins S.L., Brown M.W., Andrews M.L. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 346:2002;877-883.
82. Myerburg R.J., Spooner P.M. Opportunities for sudden death prevention: Directions for new clinical and basic research. Cardiovasc Res. 50:2001;177-185.
83. Pantridge J.F., Geddes J.S. A mobile intensive-care unit in the management of myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2:1967;271-273.
84. Parry C.H. An Inquiry into the Symptoms and Causes of the Syncope Anginosa Commonly Called Angina Pectoris. 1799;R. Cruttwell, Bath.
85. Pitt B. Sudden cardiac death: The role of left ventricular dysfunction. Ann NY Acad Sci. 383:1982;218-228.
86. Pitt B., Zannad F., Remme W.J., Cody R., Castaigne A., Perez A. The effect of spironolactone on mortbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomised Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. New Engl J Med. 341:1999;709-717.
87. Pogwizd S.M., Corr P.B. Reentrant and nonreentrant mechanisms contribute to arrhythmogenesis during early myocardial ischemia: Results using three-dimensional mapping. Circ Res. 61:1987;352-371.
88. Porter W.T. On the results of ligation of the coronary arteries. J Physiol (Lond). 15:1894;121-138.
89. Porter W.T. Further researches on the closure of the coronary arteries. J Exp Med. 1:1896;46-70.
90. Prevost J.L., Batelli F. Sur quelques effects des décharges électriques sur le cœur des Mammifères. C R Seances Acad Sci. 129:1899;1267-1268.
91. Rosen M.R. Did Wolff, Parkinson and White mind their Ps and Qs? Cardiovasc Res. 26:1992;1164-1169.
92. Rytand D.A. The circus movement (entrapped circuit wave) hypothesis and atrialflutter. Ann Int Med. 65:1966;125-159.
93. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 344:1994;1383-1389.
94. Snellen H.A. History of Cardiology. 1984;Donker Academic, Rotterdam.
95. Stevenson W.G., Stevenson L.W., Middlekauf H.R., Saxon L.A. Sudden death prevention in patients with advanced ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 88:1993;2953-2961.
96. Teo K.K., Yusuf S., Furberg C.D. Effects of prophylactic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction: An overview of results of randomised controlled clinical trials. JAMA. 270:1993;1589-1595.
97. The Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators A comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 337:1997;1576-1583.
98. The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group Effect of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 316:1987;1429-1435.
99. The SOLVD Investigators Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 327:1992;685-691.
100. Waldo A.L., Camm A.J., de Ruyter H., Friedman P.L., MacNeil D.J., Pauls J.F., Pitt B., Pratt C.M., Schwartz P.J., Veltri E.P. Effects of D-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet. 348:1996;7-12.
101. Wenckebach K.F. Arrhythmias of the Heart (Translated by Thos. Snowball). 1904;William Green, Edinburgh, London.
102. Wiggers C.J. The mechanism and nature of ventricular fibrillation. Am Heart J. 20:1940;399-412.
103. Wiggers C.J., Wegria R. Ventricular fibrillation due to a single, localised induction and condenser shocks applied during the vulnerable phase of ventricular systole. Am J Physiol. 128:1940;500-505.
104. Winfree A.T. Electrical instability in cardiac muscle: Phase singularities and rotors. J Theor Biol. 138:1989;353-405.
105. Wright I.S., Marple C.D., Beck D.F. Myocardial Infarction: Its Clinical Manifestations and Treatment With Anticoagulants. 1948;Grune & Stratton, New York.
106. Yusuf S., Sleight P., Dogue J., Bosch J., Davies R., Dagenais G. Effects of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 342:2001;145-153.
107. Zoll P.M., Linenthal A.J., Gibson W., Paul M.H., Norman L.R. Termination of ventricular fibrillation in man by externally applied electric countershock. N Engl J Med. 254:1956;727-732.