-
1
-
-
0025196381
-
-
C. Lorius et al., Nature 347, 139 (1990); J. Chappellaz et al., Nature 345, 127 (1990); E. J. Brook, T. Sowers, J. Orchardo, Science 273, 1087 (1996).
-
(1990)
Nature
, vol.347
, pp. 139
-
-
Lorius, C.1
-
2
-
-
0025250773
-
-
C. Lorius et al., Nature 347, 139 (1990); J. Chappellaz et al., Nature 345, 127 (1990); E. J. Brook, T. Sowers, J. Orchardo, Science 273, 1087 (1996).
-
(1990)
Nature
, vol.345
, pp. 127
-
-
Chappellaz, J.1
-
3
-
-
0029659906
-
-
C. Lorius et al., Nature 347, 139 (1990); J. Chappellaz et al., Nature 345, 127 (1990); E. J. Brook, T. Sowers, J. Orchardo, Science 273, 1087 (1996).
-
(1996)
Science
, vol.273
, pp. 1087
-
-
Brook, E.J.1
Sowers, T.2
Orchardo, J.3
-
6
-
-
0031955008
-
-
M. L. Salgado-Labouriau et al., Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 115 (1998); M.-P. Ledru, M. L. Salgado-Labouriau, M. L. Lorscheitter, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 131 (1998); H. Behling and H. Hooghiemstra, J. Paleolimnol. 21, 461 (1999); K. Liu and H. Qiu, Terrest. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 5, 393 (1994); M. C. Bonnefille and F. Chalié, Global Planet. Changes, in press; M. G. Winkler, P. R. Sanford, S. W. Kaplan, Bull. Am. Paleontol., in press.
-
(1998)
Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol.
, vol.99
, pp. 115
-
-
Salgado-Labouriau, M.L.1
-
7
-
-
0031976164
-
-
M. L. Salgado-Labouriau et al., Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 115 (1998); M.-P. Ledru, M. L. Salgado-Labouriau, M. L. Lorscheitter, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 131 (1998); H. Behling and H. Hooghiemstra, J. Paleolimnol. 21, 461 (1999); K. Liu and H. Qiu, Terrest. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 5, 393 (1994); M. C. Bonnefille and F. Chalié, Global Planet. Changes, in press; M. G. Winkler, P. R. Sanford, S. W. Kaplan, Bull. Am. Paleontol., in press.
-
(1998)
Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol.
, vol.99
, pp. 131
-
-
Ledru, M.-P.1
Salgado-Labouriau, M.L.2
Lorscheitter, M.L.3
-
8
-
-
0033040616
-
-
M. L. Salgado-Labouriau et al., Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 115 (1998); M.-P. Ledru, M. L. Salgado-Labouriau, M. L. Lorscheitter, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 131 (1998); H. Behling and H. Hooghiemstra, J. Paleolimnol. 21, 461 (1999); K. Liu and H. Qiu, Terrest. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 5, 393 (1994); M. C. Bonnefille and F. Chalié, Global Planet. Changes, in press; M. G. Winkler, P. R. Sanford, S. W. Kaplan, Bull. Am. Paleontol., in press.
-
(1999)
J. Paleolimnol.
, vol.21
, pp. 461
-
-
Behling, H.1
Hooghiemstra, H.2
-
9
-
-
0031955008
-
-
M. L. Salgado-Labouriau et al., Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 115 (1998); M.-P. Ledru, M. L. Salgado-Labouriau, M. L. Lorscheitter, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 131 (1998); H. Behling and H. Hooghiemstra, J. Paleolimnol. 21, 461 (1999); K. Liu and H. Qiu, Terrest. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 5, 393 (1994); M. C. Bonnefille and F. Chalié, Global Planet. Changes, in press; M. G. Winkler, P. R. Sanford, S. W. Kaplan, Bull. Am. Paleontol., in press.
-
(1994)
Terrest. Atmos. Oceanic Sci.
, vol.5
, pp. 393
-
-
Liu, K.1
Qiu, H.2
-
10
-
-
0031955008
-
-
in press
-
M. L. Salgado-Labouriau et al., Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 115 (1998); M.-P. Ledru, M. L. Salgado-Labouriau, M. L. Lorscheitter, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 131 (1998); H. Behling and H. Hooghiemstra, J. Paleolimnol. 21, 461 (1999); K. Liu and H. Qiu, Terrest. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 5, 393 (1994); M. C. Bonnefille and F. Chalié, Global Planet. Changes, in press; M. G. Winkler, P. R. Sanford, S. W. Kaplan, Bull. Am. Paleontol., in press.
-
Global Planet. Changes
-
-
Bonnefille, M.C.1
Chalié, F.2
-
11
-
-
0031955008
-
-
in press
-
M. L. Salgado-Labouriau et al., Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 115 (1998); M.-P. Ledru, M. L. Salgado-Labouriau, M. L. Lorscheitter, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 99, 131 (1998); H. Behling and H. Hooghiemstra, J. Paleolimnol. 21, 461 (1999); K. Liu and H. Qiu, Terrest. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 5, 393 (1994); M. C. Bonnefille and F. Chalié, Global Planet. Changes, in press; M. G. Winkler, P. R. Sanford, S. W. Kaplan, Bull. Am. Paleontol., in press.
-
Bull. Am. Paleontol.
-
-
Winkler, M.G.1
Sanford, P.R.2
Kaplan, S.W.3
-
13
-
-
0029659213
-
-
K. A. Kvenvolden, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2, 221 (1988); C. K. Pault et al., Geology 24, 143 (1996).
-
(1996)
Geology
, vol.24
, pp. 143
-
-
Pault, C.K.1
-
14
-
-
0024233957
-
-
K. A. Kvenvolden, Chem. Geol. 71, 41 (1988); G. T. MacDonald, Annu. Rev. Energy 15, 5 (1990); G. R. Dickens et al., Nature 385, 426 (1997).
-
(1988)
Chem. Geol.
, vol.71
, pp. 41
-
-
Kvenvolden, K.A.1
-
15
-
-
0024233957
-
-
K. A. Kvenvolden, Chem. Geol. 71, 41 (1988); G. T. MacDonald, Annu. Rev. Energy 15, 5 (1990); G. R. Dickens et al., Nature 385, 426 (1997).
-
(1990)
Annu. Rev. Energy
, vol.15
, pp. 5
-
-
MacDonald, G.T.1
-
16
-
-
0030621309
-
-
K. A. Kvenvolden, Chem. Geol. 71, 41 (1988); G. T. MacDonald, Annu. Rev. Energy 15, 5 (1990); G. R. Dickens et al., Nature 385, 426 (1997).
-
(1997)
Nature
, vol.385
, pp. 426
-
-
Dickens, G.R.1
-
17
-
-
0029415407
-
-
K. A. Kvenvolden, Org. Geochem. 23, 997 (1995); R. J. Cicerone and R. S. Oremland, Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2, 299 (1988).
-
(1995)
Org. Geochem.
, vol.23
, pp. 997
-
-
Kvenvolden, K.A.1
-
20
-
-
0030845308
-
-
G. R. Dickens and M. S. Quinby-Hunt, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 2115 (1994); P. G. Brewer et al., Geology 25, 407 (1997).
-
(1997)
Geology
, vol.25
, pp. 407
-
-
Brewer, P.G.1
-
22
-
-
0032324043
-
-
C. K. Paull and W. Ussler III, Geophys. Res. Lett. 18, 432 (1991); B. U. Haq. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 137, 303 (1998).
-
(1998)
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ.
, vol.137
, pp. 303
-
-
Haq, B.U.1
-
23
-
-
0029529085
-
-
G. R. Dickens et al., Paleoceanography 10, 965 (1995); M. E. Katz et al., Science 286, 1531 (1999).
-
(1995)
Paleoceanography
, vol.10
, pp. 965
-
-
Dickens, G.R.1
-
24
-
-
0033584808
-
-
G. R. Dickens et al., Paleoceanography 10, 965 (1995); M. E. Katz et al., Science 286, 1531 (1999).
-
(1999)
Science
, vol.286
, pp. 1531
-
-
Katz, M.E.1
-
26
-
-
0026358134
-
-
R. E. Kayen and H. J. Lee, Mar. Geotechnol. 10, 125 (1991); E. G. Nisbet, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12859 (1992); D. Evans et al., Mar. Geol. 130, 281 (1996); E. G. Nisbet and D. J. W. Piper, Nature 392, 329 (1998); M. Maslin et al., in Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 155 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1998), pp. 305-318; R. G. Rothwell, J. Thomson, G. Kähler, Nature 392, 377 (1998).
-
(1991)
Mar. Geotechnol.
, vol.10
, pp. 125
-
-
Kayen, R.E.1
Lee, H.J.2
-
27
-
-
0039115086
-
-
R. E. Kayen and H. J. Lee, Mar. Geotechnol. 10, 125 (1991); E. G. Nisbet, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12859 (1992); D. Evans et al., Mar. Geol. 130, 281 (1996); E. G. Nisbet and D. J. W. Piper, Nature 392, 329 (1998); M. Maslin et al., in Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 155 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1998), pp. 305-318; R. G. Rothwell, J. Thomson, G. Kähler, Nature 392, 377 (1998).
-
(1992)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.97
, pp. 12859
-
-
Nisbet, E.G.1
-
28
-
-
0029768643
-
-
R. E. Kayen and H. J. Lee, Mar. Geotechnol. 10, 125 (1991); E. G. Nisbet, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12859 (1992); D. Evans et al., Mar. Geol. 130, 281 (1996); E. G. Nisbet and D. J. W. Piper, Nature 392, 329 (1998); M. Maslin et al., in Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 155 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1998), pp. 305-318; R. G. Rothwell, J. Thomson, G. Kähler, Nature 392, 377 (1998).
-
(1996)
Mar. Geol.
, vol.130
, pp. 281
-
-
Evans, D.1
-
29
-
-
0032568367
-
-
R. E. Kayen and H. J. Lee, Mar. Geotechnol. 10, 125 (1991); E. G. Nisbet, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12859 (1992); D. Evans et al., Mar. Geol. 130, 281 (1996); E. G. Nisbet and D. J. W. Piper, Nature 392, 329 (1998); M. Maslin et al., in Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 155 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1998), pp. 305-318; R. G. Rothwell, J. Thomson, G. Kähler, Nature 392, 377 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.392
, pp. 329
-
-
Nisbet, E.G.1
Piper, D.J.W.2
-
30
-
-
0026358134
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX
-
R. E. Kayen and H. J. Lee, Mar. Geotechnol. 10, 125 (1991); E. G. Nisbet, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12859 (1992); D. Evans et al., Mar. Geol. 130, 281 (1996); E. G. Nisbet and D. J. W. Piper, Nature 392, 329 (1998); M. Maslin et al., in Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 155 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1998), pp. 305-318; R. G. Rothwell, J. Thomson, G. Kähler, Nature 392, 377 (1998).
-
(1998)
Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results
, vol.155
, pp. 305-318
-
-
Maslin, M.1
-
31
-
-
0032568446
-
-
R. E. Kayen and H. J. Lee, Mar. Geotechnol. 10, 125 (1991); E. G. Nisbet, J. Geophys. Res. 97, 12859 (1992); D. Evans et al., Mar. Geol. 130, 281 (1996); E. G. Nisbet and D. J. W. Piper, Nature 392, 329 (1998); M. Maslin et al., in Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 155 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1998), pp. 305-318; R. G. Rothwell, J. Thomson, G. Kähler, Nature 392, 377 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.392
, pp. 377
-
-
Rothwell, R.G.1
Thomson, J.2
Kähler, G.3
-
32
-
-
84879883066
-
-
M. Maslin et al., Geology 26, 1107 (1998).
-
(1998)
Geology
, vol.26
, pp. 1107
-
-
Maslin, M.1
-
33
-
-
0001823840
-
-
J. C. Murrell and D. P. Kelly, Eds. Intercept. Andover, UK
-
W. S. Reeburgh, S. C. Whalen, M. J. Alperin, in Microbial Growth on C, Compounds, J. C. Murrell and D. P. Kelly, Eds. (Intercept. Andover, UK, 1993), pp. 1-14.
-
(1993)
Microbial Growth on C, Compounds
, pp. 1-14
-
-
Reeburgh, W.S.1
Whalen, S.C.2
Alperin, M.J.3
-
36
-
-
84874951938
-
-
I. L. Hendy and J. P. Kennett, Geology 27, 291 (1999); J. P. Kennett et al., Ocean Drill. Program, Leg 167 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX), in press.
-
(1999)
Geology
, vol.27
, pp. 291
-
-
Hendy, I.L.1
Kennett, J.P.2
-
37
-
-
84874951938
-
-
Leg 167 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX), in press
-
I. L. Hendy and J. P. Kennett, Geology 27, 291 (1999); J. P. Kennett et al., Ocean Drill. Program, Leg 167 (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX), in press.
-
Ocean Drill. Program
-
-
Kennett, J.P.1
-
38
-
-
0027878202
-
-
W. Dansgaard et al., Nature 364, 218 (1993);
-
(1993)
Nature
, vol.364
, pp. 218
-
-
Dansgaard, W.1
-
39
-
-
0027069846
-
-
S. J. Johnsen et al., Nature 359, 311 (1992).
-
(1992)
Nature
, vol.359
, pp. 311
-
-
Johnsen, S.J.1
-
40
-
-
0033382871
-
-
K. G. Cannariato and J. P. Kennett, Geology 27, 975 (1999); K. C. Cannariato, J. P. Kennett, R. J. Behl, Geology 27, 63 (1999).
-
(1999)
Geology
, vol.27
, pp. 975
-
-
Cannariato, K.G.1
Kennett, J.P.2
-
41
-
-
84874969403
-
-
K. G. Cannariato and J. P. Kennett, Geology 27, 975 (1999); K. C. Cannariato, J. P. Kennett, R. J. Behl, Geology 27, 63 (1999).
-
(1999)
Geology
, vol.27
, pp. 63
-
-
Cannariato, K.C.1
Kennett, J.P.2
Behl, R.J.3
-
44
-
-
0342376939
-
-
note
-
18O stratigraphy.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
0342376940
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX
-
J. P. Kennett et al., Eds., Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Initial Reports 146 (part 2) (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1994); J. P. Kennett et al., Eds., Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 146 (part 2) (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1994).
-
(1994)
Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Initial Reports
, vol.146
, Issue.PART 2
-
-
Kennett, J.P.1
-
46
-
-
0342811848
-
-
Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX
-
J. P. Kennett et al., Eds., Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Initial Reports 146 (part 2) (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1994); J. P. Kennett et al., Eds., Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 146 (part 2) (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1994).
-
(1994)
Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results
, vol.146
, Issue.PART 2
-
-
Kennett, J.P.1
-
47
-
-
0039707181
-
-
J. P. Kennett et al., Eds., Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX
-
4 in basin sediments [L. M. Pratt, A. M. Carmo, V. Brüchen, S. M. Monk, J. M. Hayes, in J. P. Kennett et al., Eds., Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results 146 (part 2) (Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, 1994), pp. 213-218].
-
(1994)
Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results
, vol.146
, Issue.PART 2
, pp. 213-218
-
-
Pratt, L.M.1
Carmo, A.M.2
Brüchen, V.3
Monk, S.M.4
Hayes, J.M.5
-
51
-
-
0007367974
-
-
13C records of Globigerina bulloides (surface water) and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (thermocline) [D. Pak, J. P. Kennett, M. Kashgarian, Eos 78, 359 (1997)] and short records of Globigerina quinqueloba (surface water) and Globorotalia scitula (subthermocline) [ J. D. Ortiz, A. C. Mix, R. W. Collier, Paleoceanography 10, 987 (1995); J. D. Ortiz et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 4509 (1996)].
-
(1997)
Eos
, vol.78
, pp. 359
-
-
Pak, D.1
Kennett, J.P.2
Kashgarian, M.3
-
52
-
-
0029477964
-
-
13C records of Globigerina bulloides (surface water) and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (thermocline) [D. Pak, J. P. Kennett, M. Kashgarian, Eos 78, 359 (1997)] and short records of Globigerina quinqueloba (surface water) and Globorotalia scitula (subthermocline) [ J. D. Ortiz, A. C. Mix, R. W. Collier, Paleoceanography 10, 987 (1995); J. D. Ortiz et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 4509 (1996)].
-
(1995)
Paleoceanography
, vol.10
, pp. 987
-
-
Ortiz, J.D.1
Mix, A.C.2
Collier, R.W.3
-
53
-
-
0030434529
-
-
13C records of Globigerina bulloides (surface water) and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (thermocline) [D. Pak, J. P. Kennett, M. Kashgarian, Eos 78, 359 (1997)] and short records of Globigerina quinqueloba (surface water) and Globorotalia scitula (subthermocline) [ J. D. Ortiz, A. C. Mix, R. W. Collier, Paleoceanography 10, 987 (1995); J. D. Ortiz et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 4509 (1996)].
-
(1996)
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
, vol.60
, pp. 4509
-
-
Ortiz, J.D.1
-
55
-
-
0342811847
-
-
note
-
Overlapping taxonomic ranges between stadials and interstadials at some levels are reflected only by rare specimens that may be environmentally unrepresentative of that climatic episode.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
0024223440
-
-
D. C. McCorkle and S. R. Emerson, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1169 (1988); D. C. McCorkle and G. P. Klinkhammer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 161 (1991); J. M. Bernhard, B. K. Sen Gupta, P. F. Borne, J. Foram. Res. 27, 301 (1997).
-
(1988)
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
, vol.52
, pp. 1169
-
-
McCorkle, D.C.1
Emerson, S.R.2
-
58
-
-
0001929716
-
-
D. C. McCorkle and S. R. Emerson, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1169 (1988); D. C. McCorkle and G. P. Klinkhammer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 161 (1991); J. M. Bernhard, B. K. Sen Gupta, P. F. Borne, J. Foram. Res. 27, 301 (1997).
-
(1991)
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
, vol.55
, pp. 161
-
-
McCorkle, D.C.1
Klinkhammer, G.P.2
-
59
-
-
0031287398
-
-
D. C. McCorkle and S. R. Emerson, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52, 1169 (1988); D. C. McCorkle and G. P. Klinkhammer, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 161 (1991); J. M. Bernhard, B. K. Sen Gupta, P. F. Borne, J. Foram. Res. 27, 301 (1997).
-
(1997)
J. Foram. Res.
, vol.27
, pp. 301
-
-
Bernhard, J.M.1
Sen Gupta, B.K.2
Borne, P.F.3
-
60
-
-
84979376576
-
-
R. Zahn, K. Winn, M. Sarnthein, Paleoceanography 1, 27 (1986); D. C. McCorkle et al., paleoceanography 5, 161 (1990); G. J. Van der Zwaan et al., Earth Sci. Rev. 46, 213 (1999).
-
(1986)
Paleoceanography
, vol.1
, pp. 27
-
-
Zahn, R.1
Winn, K.2
Sarnthein, M.3
-
61
-
-
0025623951
-
-
R. Zahn, K. Winn, M. Sarnthein, Paleoceanography 1, 27 (1986); D. C. McCorkle et al., paleoceanography 5, 161 (1990); G. J. Van der Zwaan et al., Earth Sci. Rev. 46, 213 (1999).
-
(1990)
Paleoceanography
, vol.5
, pp. 161
-
-
McCorkle, D.C.1
-
62
-
-
0032733069
-
-
R. Zahn, K. Winn, M. Sarnthein, Paleoceanography 1, 27 (1986); D. C. McCorkle et al., paleoceanography 5, 161 (1990); G. J. Van der Zwaan et al., Earth Sci. Rev. 46, 213 (1999).
-
(1999)
Earth Sci. Rev.
, vol.46
, pp. 213
-
-
Van Der Zwaan, G.J.1
-
64
-
-
0343246490
-
-
note
-
13C values may also be taken up by foraminifera through consumption of methanotrophic bacteria.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
0342811845
-
-
unpublished data
-
J. P. Kennett, unpublished data.
-
-
-
Kennett, J.P.1
-
66
-
-
0003360784
-
-
R. O. Barnes and E. E. Goldberg, Geology 4, 297 (1976); A. L. Watford, D. R. Kosiur, P. R. Doose, Geomicrobiol. J. 1, 117 (1979).
-
(1976)
Geology
, vol.4
, pp. 297
-
-
Barnes, R.O.1
Goldberg, E.E.2
-
67
-
-
0018726253
-
-
R. O. Barnes and E. E. Goldberg, Geology 4, 297 (1976); A. L. Watford, D. R. Kosiur, P. R. Doose, Geomicrobiol. J. 1, 117 (1979).
-
(1979)
Geomicrobiol. J.
, vol.1
, pp. 117
-
-
Watford, A.L.1
Kosiur, D.R.2
Doose, P.R.3
-
71
-
-
0343682143
-
-
personal communication
-
Y. Zhang, personal communication.
-
-
-
Zhang, Y.1
-
73
-
-
0343682142
-
-
29 March to 1 April 1999, Santa Barbara
-
13C of -65‰; and DIC of 2000 μmol/kg. The time-dependent calculation assumes an event duration of 14 years; residence time of surface waters in Santa Barbara Channel of 30 days. We infer a longer residence time compared with the present day (∼10 days) [M. C. Henderscott, Fifth California Islands Symposium, 29 March to 1 April 1999, Santa Barbara, p. 21; S. Harms and C. D. Winant, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 3041 (1998)] because of the location of Site 893A near the center of the basin gyre.
-
Fifth California Islands Symposium
, pp. 21
-
-
Henderscott, M.C.1
-
74
-
-
0032519243
-
-
13C of -65‰; and DIC of 2000 μmol/kg. The time-dependent calculation assumes an event duration of 14 years; residence time of surface waters in Santa Barbara Channel of 30 days. We infer a longer residence time compared with the present day (∼10 days) [M. C. Henderscott, Fifth California Islands Symposium, 29 March to 1 April 1999, Santa Barbara, p. 21; S. Harms and C. D. Winant, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 3041 (1998)] because of the location of Site 893A near the center of the basin gyre.
-
(1998)
J. Geophys. Res.
, vol.103
, pp. 3041
-
-
Harms, S.1
Winant, C.D.2
-
75
-
-
0001891454
-
-
H. B. Singh, Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
-
M. A. K. Khalil and R. A. Rasmussen, in Composition, Chemistry, and Climate of the Atmosphere, H. B. Singh, Ed. (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1995), pp. 50-87.
-
(1995)
Composition, Chemistry, and Climate of the Atmosphere
, pp. 50-87
-
-
Khalil, M.A.K.1
Rasmussen, R.A.2
-
76
-
-
0032485386
-
-
R. Stauffer et al., Nature 392, 59 (1998).
-
(1998)
Nature
, vol.392
, pp. 59
-
-
Stauffer, R.1
-
78
-
-
84879885402
-
-
M. E. Field and K. A. Kvenvolden, Geology 13, 517 (1985); J. M. Brooks, M. E. Field, M. C. Kennicutt II, Mar. Geol. 96, 103 (1991); P. G. Brewer et al., Eos 78, 340 (1997)
-
(1985)
Geology
, vol.13
, pp. 517
-
-
Field, M.E.1
Kvenvolden, K.A.2
-
79
-
-
0025995199
-
-
M. E. Field and K. A. Kvenvolden, Geology 13, 517 (1985); J. M. Brooks, M. E. Field, M. C. Kennicutt II, Mar. Geol. 96, 103 (1991); P. G. Brewer et al., Eos 78, 340 (1997)
-
(1991)
Mar. Geol.
, vol.96
, pp. 103
-
-
Brooks, J.M.1
Field, M.E.2
Kennicutt M.C. II3
-
80
-
-
84879885402
-
-
M. E. Field and K. A. Kvenvolden, Geology 13, 517 (1985); J. M. Brooks, M. E. Field, M. C. Kennicutt II, Mar. Geol. 96, 103 (1991); P. G. Brewer et al., Eos 78, 340 (1997)
-
(1997)
Eos
, vol.78
, pp. 340
-
-
Brewer, P.G.1
-
82
-
-
0342811843
-
-
note
-
We thank personnel of the Ocean Drilling Program for their efforts during drilling and assistance with sampling. We also thank D. Krause for encouragement and enlightening discussions during this work and for review of the manuscript. Critical inspiration came from the work of E. Nisbet and G. Dickens. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive advice. Careful technical assistance was provided by K. Thompson and H. Berg. Supported by NSF grant EAR99-0424 (Earth System History) and an NSF Fellowship to I.L.H. Twenty-five percent of this research was funded by the National Institute for Global Environmental Change through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (Cooperative Agreement DE-FC03-90ER61010). Conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE.
-
-
-
|