Brainstem mechanisms of hypertension: Role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 262-268

  Sved, Alan F ^a   Ito, Satoru ^b   Sved, Judith C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; KYNURENIC ACID; NEUROTRANSMITTER; ANGIOTENSIN II; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT;

ADRENERGIC STIMULATION; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; BRAIN STEM RESPONSE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION; VASOMOTOR REFLEX; ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ANIMAL; BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG EFFECT; NERVE CELL; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANGIOTENSIN II; ANIMALS; BAROREFLEX; BLOOD PRESSURE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KYNURENIC ACID; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS; NEURONS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM;

EID: 0141576557     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-003-0030-0     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Esler M, Rumantir M, Kaye D, et al.: Sympathetic nerve biology in essential hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001, 28:986-989.
2. Sved AF, Gordon FJ: Amino acids as central neurotransmitters in the baroreceptor reflex pathway. New Physiol Sci 1994, 9:243-246.
3. Hay M, Hoang CJ, Pamidimukkala J: Cellular mechanisms regulating synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis in aortic baroreceptor neurons. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001, 940:119-131.
4. Mifflin SW: What does the brain know about blood pressure? News Physiol Sci 2001, 16:266-271.
5. Gordon FJ: Aortic baroreceptor reflexes are mediated by NMDA receptors in caudal ventrolateral medulla. Am J Physiol 1987, 252:R628-R633.
6. Weston M, Wang H, Stornetta RL, et al.: FOS expression by glutamatergic neurons of the solitary tract nucleus after phenylephrine-induced hypertension in rats. J Comp Neurol 2003, In press.
7. Schreihofer AM, Guyenet PG: The baroreflex and beyond: control of sympathetic vasomotor tone by GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2002, 29:514-521.
8. Stornetta RL, Sevigny CP, Schreihofer AM, et al.: Vesicular glutamate transporter DNPI/VGLUT2 is expressed by both C1 adrenergic and nonaminergic presympathetic vasomotor neurons of the rat medulla. J Comp Neurol 2002, 444:207-220.
9. Sved AF, Ito S, Madden CJ: Baroreflex dependent and independent roles of the caudal ventrolateral medulla in cardiovascular regulation. Brain Res Bull 2000, 51:129-133.
10. Guyenet PG: Role of the ventral medulla oblongata in blood pressure regulation. In Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions. Edited by Loewy AD, Spyer KM. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990:145-167.
11. Sved AF, Schreihofer AM, Kost CK: Blood pressure regulation in baroreceptor-denervated rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997, 24:77-82.
12. Schreihofer AM, Sved AF: Role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the maintenance of arterial pressure in chronically baroreceptor denervated rats. Neurosci Abstr 1995, 22:352-354.
13. Araujo GC, Lopes OU, Campos RR: Importance of glycinergic and glutamatergic synapses within the rostral ventrolateral medulla for blood pressure regulation in conscious rats. Hypertension 1999, 34:752-755.
14. Sakima A, Yamazato M, Sesoko S, et al.: Cardiovascular and sympathetic effects of L-glutamate and glycine injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious rats. Hypertens Res 2000, 23:633-641.
15. Madden CJ, Ito S, Rinaman L, et al.: Lesions of the C1 catecholaminergic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla in rats using anti-DbetaH-saporin. Am J Physiol 1999, 277:R1063-1075.
16. Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Sakai K, et al.: Overexpression of eNOS in the RVLM causes hypotension and bradycardia via GABA release. Hypertension 2001, 38:896-901.
17. Sun M-K, Young BS, Hackett JT, Guyenet PG: Reticulospinal pacemaker neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla with putative sympathoexcitatory function: an intracellular study in vitro. Brain Res 1988, 422:229-239.
18. Lipski J, Kanjhan R, Kruszeska B, Rong W: Properties of presympathetic neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the rat: an intracellular study 'in vivo'. J Physiol 1996, 490:729-744.
19. Lipski J, Lin J, Teo MY, van Wyk M: The network vs. pacemaker theory of the activity of RVL presympathetic neurons - a comparison with another putative pacemaker system. Auton Neurosci 2002, 98:85-89.
20. Guyenet PG, Filtz TM, Donaldson SR: Role of excitatory amino acids in rat vagal and sympathetic baroreflexes. Brain Res 1987, 407:272-284.
21. Kiely JM, Gordon FJ: Role of rostral ventrolateral medulla in centrally mediated pressor responses. Am J Physiol 1994, 267:H1549-H1556.
22. Ito S, Sved AF: Tonic glutamate-mediated control of rostral ventrolateral medulla and sympathetic vasomotor tone. Am J Physiol 1997, 273:R487-R494.
23. Sved AF, Ito S, Madden CJ, et al.: Excitatory inputs to the RVLM in the context of the baroreceptor reflex. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001, 940:247-258.
24. Ito S, Sved AF: Blockade of angiotensin receptors in rat rostral ventrolateral medulla removes excitatory vasomotor tone. Am J Physiol 1996, 270:R1317-R1323.
25. Potts PD, Allen AM, Horiuchi J, Dampney RAL: Does angiotensin II have a significant tonic action on cardiovascular neurons in the rostral and caudal VLM? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000, 279:1392-1402.
26. Ito S, Sved AF: Pharmacological profile of depressor response elicited by sarthran in rat ventrolateral medulla. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000, 279:H2961-H2966.
27. Allen AM, Moeller I, Jenkins TA, et al.: Angiotensin receptors in the nervous system. Brain Res Bull 1998, 47:17-28.
28. Ito S, Komatsu K, Tsukamoto K, et al.: Ventrolateral medulla AT1 receptors support blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2002, 40:552-559.
29. Giuliano R, Ruggiero DA, Morrison S, et al. Cholinergic regulation of arterial pressure by the C1 area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla. J Neurosci 1989, 9:923-942.
30. Willette RN, Punnen S, Krieger AJ, Sapru HN: Cardiovascular control by cholinergic mechanisms in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1984, 231:457-463.
31. Huangfu D, Schreihofer AM, Guyenet PG: Effect of cholinergic agonists on bulbospinal neurons in rats. Am J Physiol 1997, 272:R249-R258.
32. Tsukamoto K, Yin M, Sved AF: Effect of atropine injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius on the regulation of blood pressure. Brain Res 1994, 648:9-15.
33. Dampney RAL: The subretrofacial vasomotor nucleus: anatomical, chemical and pharmacological properties and role in the cardiovascular regulation. Prog Neurobiol 1994, 42:197-227.
34. Gomez RE, Cannata MA, Milner TA, et al.: Vasopressinergic mechanisms in the nucleus reticularis lateralis in blood pressure control. Brain Res 1993, 604:90-105.
35. Ito S, Komatsu K, Tsukamoto K, Sved AF: Excitatory amino acids in the rostral ventrolateral medulla support blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2000, 35:413-417.
36. Bergamaschi C, Campos RR, Schor N, Lopes OU: Role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in maintenance of blood pressure in rats with Goldblatt Hypertension. Hypertension 1995, 26:1117-1120.
37. Chan RKW, Chan YS, Wong TM: Responses of cardiovascular neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the normotensive Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats to iontophretic application of angiotensin II. Brain Res 1991, 556:145-150.
38. Matsuura T, Kumagai H, Kawai A, et al.: Rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons of neonatal Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2002, 40:560-565.
39. Sun M-K, Guyenet PG: Medullospinal symphathoexcitatory neurons in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1986, 250:R910-R917.
40. Minson J, Arnolda L, Llewellyn-Smith, et al.: Altered c-fos in rostral medulla and spinal cord of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1996, 27:433-441.
41. Ito S, Komatsu K, Tsukamoto K, Sved AF: Tonic excitatory input to the rostral ventrolateral medulla in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension 2001, 37:687-691.
42. Smith JK, Barron KW: Cardiovascular effects of L-glutamate and tetrodotoxin microinjected into the rostral and caudal ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res 1990, 506:1-8.
43. Smith JK, Barron KW: GABAergic responses in ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1990, 258:R450-R456.
44. Muratani H, Ferrario CM, Averill DB: Ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Role of angiotensin II. Am J Physiol 1993, 264:R388-R395.
45. Allen AM: Blockade of angiotensin AT1-receptors in the rostrar ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve discharge. J Renin Angiotens Aldost Syst 2001, 2(Suppl 1): S120-S124.
46. Ito S, Hiratsuka M, Komatsu K, et al.: Ventrolateral medulla AT1 receptors support arterial pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension 2001, In press.
47. Fontes MA, Baltatu O, Caligiorne SM, et al.: Angiotensin peptides acting at rostral ventrolateral medulla contribute to hypertension of TGR(mREN2)27 rats. Physiol Genom 2000, 2:137-142.
48. Esler M: Differentiation in the effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker class on autonomic function. J Hypertens 2002, 20(Suppl 5):S13-S19.
49. Tagawa T, Dampney RAL: AT1 receptors mediate excitatory inputs to rostral ventrolateral medulla pressor neurons from hypothalamus. Hypertension 1999, 34:1301-1307.
50. Allen AM: Inhibition of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in spontaneously hypertensive rats dramatically reduces sympathetic vasomotor tone. Hypertension 2002, 39:275-280.
51. Haywood JR, Mifflin SW, Craig T, et al.: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) - A function and binding in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in chronic renal-wrap hypertension. Hypertension 2001, 37:614-618.
52. Li Y-W, Guyenet PG: Neuronal excitation by angiotensin II in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat in vitro. Am J Physiol 1995, 268: R272-R277.
53. Li YW, Guyenet PG: Angiotensin II decreases a resting K+ conductance in rat bulbospinal neurons of the C1 area. Circ Res 1996, 78:274-282.
54. Yang SN, Lippoldt A, Jansson A, et al.: Localization of angiotensin II AT1 receptor-like immunoreactivity in catechola- minergic neurons of the rat medulla oblongata. Neuroscience 1997, 81:503-515.
55. Benarroch EE, Schmeichel AM: Immunohistochemical localization of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor in human hypo- thalamus and brainstem. Brain Res 1998, 812:292-296.
56. Hu L, Zhu DN, Yu Z, et al.: Expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats. J Appl Physiol 2002, 92:2153-2161.
57. Song K, Kurobe Y, Kanehara H, et al.: Quantitative localization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood Press Suppl 1994, 5:21-26.
58. Raizada MK, Lu D, Tang W, et al.: Increased angiotensin II type-1 receptor gene expression in neuronal cultures from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Endocrinology 1993, 132:1715-1722.
59. Yang H, Raizada MK: Role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in angiotensin II regulation of norepinephrine neuromudula- tion in brain neurons of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Neurosci 1999, 19:2413-2423.
60. Seyedabadi M, Goodchild AK, Pilowsky PM: Differential role of kinases in brain stem of hypertensive and normotensive rats. Hypertension 2001, 38:1087-1092.
61. Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Ito K, et al.: Cardiovascular effects of over- expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in stroke-prone spontaneously hyper tensive rats. Hypertension 2002, 39:264-268.
62. Levy EI, Scarrow AM, Jannetta PJ: Microvascular decompression in the treatment of hypertension: review and update. Surg Neurol 2001, 55:2-10.
63. Morimoto S, Sasaki S, Miki S, et al.: Pressor response to compression of the ventrolateral medulla mediated by glutamate receptors. Hypertension 1999, 33:1207-1213.
64. Morimoto S, Sasaki S, Miki S, et al: Pressor response to pulsatile compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediated by nitric oxide and c-fos expression. Br J Pharmacol 2000, 129:859-864.