"Bottom-up" and "top-down" effects on reading saccades: A case study

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry

Volumn 74, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 1423-1428

  Upton, N J ^a,b   Hodgson, T L ^c   Plant, G T ^d   Wise, R J S ^e   Leff, A P ^e  

^a BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

^d MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e CHARING CROSS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EYE MOVEMENT; HEMIANOPIA; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; READING; RETINA FOVEA; RETINA MACULA LUTEA; RIGHT HANDEDNESS; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; TASK PERFORMANCE; VELOCITY; VISUAL FIELD; VISUAL STIMULATION;

HEMIANOPSIA; HUMANS; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; READING; SACCADES; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED;

EID: 0141525285     PISSN: 00223050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.74.10.1423     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. McConkie G, Rayner K. Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1976;8:365-8.
2. Rayner K, McConkie G. What guides a reader's eye movements? Vision Research 1976;16:829-37.
3. Pollatsek A, Bolozky S, Well AD, et al. Asymmetries in the perceptual span for Israeli readers. Brain Lang 1981;14:174-80.
4. Nazir TA, Heller D, Sussmann C. Letter visibility and word recognition: The optimal viewing position in printed words. Perceptian and Psychophysics 1992;52:315-28.
5. Kennedy A. Parafoveal processing in word recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: A Human Experimental Psychology Journal 2000;53:429-55.
6. Cattel JM. The inertia of the eye and brain. Brain 1886;8:295-312.
7. Just MA, Carpenter P. The psychology of reading and language comprehension. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1987.
8. McConkie GW, Kerr PW, Reddix MD, et al. Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations on words. Vision Res 1988;28:1107-18.
9. Vitu F, O'Regan JK, Mittau M. Optimal landing position in reading isolated words and continuous text. Percept Psychophys 1990;47:583-600.
10. O'Regan K. Optimal viewing position in words and the strategy-tactics theory of eye movements in reading. In: Rayner K, ed Eye movements and visual cognition: Scene perception and reading. New York: Srpinger.Verlag, 1992:333-54.
11. Morrison RE. Manipulation of stimulus onset delay in reading: evidence for parallel programming of saccades. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1984;10:667-82.
12. Reichle ED, Pollatsek A, Fisher DL, et al. Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychol Rev 1998;105:125-57.
13. Lavigne F, Vitu F, d'Ydewalle G. The influence of semantic context on initial eye landing sites in words. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2000;104:191-214.
14. Rayner K. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 1998;124:372-422.
15. Neale MD. Neale analysis of reading ability. Oxford, UK: NFER-Nelson, 1989.
16. Warrington EK, James M, Maciejewski C. The WAIS as a lateralizing and localizing diagnostic instrument: a study of 656 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. Neuropsychologia 1986;24:223-39.
17. Nelson HE, Willison J. The National Adult Reading Test (NART:2): Test Manual. Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson, 1991.
18. Warrington EK. Recognition Memory Test. Windsor: NFER Nelson, 1984.
19. McKenna P, Warrington EK. The graded naming test. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1983.
20. Baxter D. Acquired spelling disorders. London: University of London, 1987.
21. Warrington EK, James M. Visual object and space perception battery. Bury St. Edmonds, UK: Thames Valley test Co.; 1991.
22. Coltheart M. The MRC psycholinguistic database. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1981;33A:497-505.
23. Cohen J, MacWhinney B, Flatt M, et al. PsyScope: a new graphic interactive environment for designing psychology experiments. Behav Res Meth Inst Comp 1993;25:257-71.
24. Kucera H, Francis W. A computational analysis of present day American English. Rhode Island: Brown University Press Providence, 1967.
25. Spinks TJ, Jones T, Bloomfield PM, et al. Physical characteristics of the ECAT EXACT3D positron tamograph. Physics in Medicine and Biology 2000;45:2601-18.
26. Evans AC, Collins DL, Mills SR, et al. 3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes. In: Proceedings, IEEE-Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference; 1993: New Jersey, 1993:1813-7.
27. Brett M, Leff AP, Rorden C, et al. Spatial normalization of brain images with focal lesions using cost function masking. Neuroimage 2001;14(2):486-500.
28. Friston KJ, Ashburner J, Frith CD, et al. Spatial registration and normalization of images. Human Brain Mapping 1995;2:165-88.
29. Worsley KJ, Marrelt S, Neelin P, et al. A unified statistical approach for determining significant signals in images of cerebral activation. Hum Brain Mapping 1996;4:58-73.
30. Horton J, Hoyt W. The representation of the visual field in human striate cortex. Arch Ophthalmal 1991;109:816-24.
31. Nicholls MER, Clode D. A failure to produce a left hemisphere advantage through verbal priming. Neuropsychologia 1996;34:893-904.
32. Faust M, Babkoff H, Kravetz S. Linguistic processes in the two cerebral hemispheres: Implications for modularity vs interactionism. Journal af Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 1995;17:171-92.
33. Brysbaert M, Vitu F, Schroyens W. The right visual field advantage and the optimal viewing position effect: On the relation between foveal and parafoveal word recognition. Neuropsychology 1996;10:385-95.
34. Kinsbourne M. The cerebral basis of lateral asymmetries in attention. Acta Psychologica, Amsterdam 1970;33:193-201.
35. Posner MI. Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1980;32:3-25.
36. Warrington EK, Shallice T. Word form dyslexia. Brain 1980;103:99-112.
37. Leff AP, Crewes H, Plant GT, et al. The functional anatomy of single-word reading in patients with hemianopic and pure alexia. Brain 2001;124:510-21.
38. Leff AP, Scott SK, Crewes H, et al. Impaired reading in patients with right hemianopia. Annals of Neurology 2000;47:171-8.
39. Rayner K, Well AD, Pollatsek A. Asymmetry of the effective visual field in reading. Percept Psychophys 1980;27:537-44.
40. Inouye T. Die sehstorungen bei schussverletzungen der kortikalen sehsphare nach beobachtungen an versundeten der letzten japanische kriege: W. Engelmann, 1909.
41. Holmes G. A contribution to the cortical representation of vision. Brain 1931;54:470-9.
42. Kwong KK, Belliveau JW, Chesler DA, et al. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89:5675-9.
43. Sereno M, Dale A, Reppas J, et al. Barders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Science 1995;268:889-93.
44. Cowey A, Rolls E. Human cortical magnification factor in man its relation to visual acuity. Exp Brain Res 1974;21:447-54.
45. Rovamo J, Virsu V, Nasanen R. Cortical magnification factor predicts the photopic contrast sensitivity of peripheral vision. Nature 1978;271:54-6.
46. Azzopardi P, Cowey A. Preferential representation of the fovea in the primary visual cortex. Nature 1993;361:719-21.
47. Fox PT, Mintun MA, Raichle ME, et al. Mapping human visual cortex with positron emission tamography. Nature 1986;323:806-9.
48. Watanabe T, Sasaki Y, Miyouchi S, et al. Attention-regulated activity in human primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 1998;79:2218-21.
49. Brefczynski J, DeYoe E. A physiological correlate of the 'spotlight' of visual attention. Nature Neuroscience 1999;2:370-4.
50. Martinez A, Anllo-Vento L, Sereno M, et al. Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in spatial attention. Nature Neuroscience 1999;2:364-9.