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For a recent discussion of "non-thermal" MW effects, see: L. Perreux and A. Loupy, Tetrahedron, 2001, 57, 9199-9223.
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0141899252
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note
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The second way MWs transfer energy, ionic conduction, results if there are free ions or ionic species present in the substance being heated. Here, ionic species also move with the oscillating electric field and again rapid heating is caused by the motion and resulting collisions of ions.
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13
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0141968353
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Personal Chemistry AB
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Three main companies market MW reactors for organic synthesis, see: (a) Personal Chemistry AB, web address: www.personal-chemistry.com.
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14
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0141933634
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Milestone Inc.
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(b) Milestone Inc., web address: www.milestonesci.com.
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15
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0141968352
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CEM Corporation
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(c) CEM Corporation, web address: www.cemsynthesis.com.
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16
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46149129741
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For the first reports of MW-assisted solid-phase reactions, see: (a) H. M. Yu, S. T. Chen, S. H. Chiou and K. T. Wang, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 456, 357-362
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(b) H. M. Yu, S. T. Chen and K. T. Wang, J. Org. Chem., 1992, 57, 4781-4784.
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For a recent perspective on new tools for organic synthesis, including supported reageants, see: S. V. Ley and I. R. Baxendale, Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery, 2002, 1, 573-586.
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I. C. Cotterill, A. Y. Usyatinsky, J. M. Arnold, D. S. Clark, J. S. Dordick, P. C. Michels and Y. L. Khmelnitsky, Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 1117-1120.
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