Pattern of hypocretin (orexin) soma and axon loss, and gliosis, in human narcolepsy

Brain Pathology

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 340-351

  Thannickal, Thomas C ^a   Siegel, Jerome M ^a   Nienhuis, Robert ^a   Moore, Robert Y ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; OREXIN; OREXIN 2 RECEPTOR; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; AGED; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BRAIN STEM; CELL DENSITY; CELL LOSS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOREBRAIN; GLIOSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPOTHALAMUS; MALE; NARCOLEPSY; NERVE FIBER; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RAT; STAINING;

EID: 0043128708     PISSN: 10156305     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00033.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Airaksinen MS, Panula P (1988) The histaminergic system in the guinea pig central nervous system: an immunocytochemical mapping study using an antiserum against histamine. J Comp Neurol 273:163-186.
2. Aldrich MS (1998) Diagnostic aspects of narcolepsy. Neurology 50:S2-7.
3. Bayer L, Eggermann E, Serafin M, Saint-Mleux B, Machard D, Jones B, Muhlethaler M (2001) Orexins (hypocretins) directly excite tuberomammillary neurons. Eur J Neurosci 14:1571-1575.
4. Burlet S, Tyler CJ, Leonard CS (2002) Direct and indirect excitation of laterodorsal tegmental neurons by Hypocretin/Orexin peptides: implications for wakefulness and narcolepsy. J Neurosci 22:2862-2872.
5. Chemelli RM, Willie JT, Sinton CM, Elmquist JK, Scammell T, Lee C, Richardson JA, Williams SC, Xiong Y, Kisanuki Y, Fitch TE, Nakazato M, Hammer RE, Saper CB, Yanagisawa M (1999) Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: Molecular genetics of sleep regulation. Cell 98:437-451.
6. Chemelli RM, Sinton CM, Yanagisawa M (2000) Polysomnographic characterization of orexin-2 receptor knockout mice. Sleep 23:A296-A297.
7. DeArmond SJ, Fusco MM, Dewey (1989) Structure of the human brain a photographic atlas, third edition, Oxford University Press.
8. de Lecea L, Kilduff TS, Peyron C, Gao X, Foye PE, Danielson PE, Fukuhara C, Battenberg EL, Gautvik VT, Bartlett FS 2nd, Frankel WN, van den Pol AN, Bloom FE, Gautvik KM, Sutcliffe JG. (1998) The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:322-327.
9. Eriksson KS, Sergeeva O, Brown RE (2001) Orexin/hypocretin excites the histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus. J Neurosci 21:9273-9279.
10. Guilleminault C. Narcolepsy syndrome (1994) In: Principles and practice of sleep medicine, M.H. Kryger, T. Roth, and W.C. Dement, eds. (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company).
11. Hara J, Beuckmann CT, Nambu T, Willie JT, Chemelli RM, Sinton CM, Sugiyama F, Yagami K, Goto K, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T (2001) Genetic ablation of orexin neurons in mice results in narcolepsy, hypophagia, and obesity. Neuron 30:345-354.
12. Harvald B (1989) Genetic epidemiology of Greenland. Clin Genet 36:364-367.
13. Hebebrand J, Friedl W (1987) Phylogenetic receptor research: implications in studying psychiatric and neurological disease. J Psychiatr Res 21:531-537.
14. Hebebrand J, Friedl W, Reichelt R, Schmitz E, Moller P, Propping P (1988) The shark GABA-benzodiazepine receptor: further evidence for a not so late phylogenetic appearance of the benzodiazepine receptor. Brain Res 446:251-261.
15. Honda Y, Doi Y, Juji T, Satake M (1984) Narcolepsy and HLA: Positive DR2 as a prerequisite for the development of narcolepsy. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 38:360.
16. Howard CV, Reed MG (1998) Unbiased stereology: three dimensional measurement in microscopy (New York: Springer-Verg).
17. Hoyer D, Schoeffter P, Waeber C, Palacios JM (1990) Serotonin 5-HT1D receptors. Ann NY Acad Sci 600:168-181.
18. Huang ZL, Qu WM, Li WD, Mochizuki T, Eguchi N, Watanabe T, Urade Y, Hayaishi O (2001) Arousal effect of orexin A depends on activation of the histaminergic system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:9965-9970.
19. Jiao Y, Sun Z, Lee T, Fusco FR, Kimble TD, Meade CA, Cuthbertson S, Reiner A (1999) A simple and sensitive antigen retrieval method for free-floating and slide-mounted tissue sections. J Neurosci Methods 93:149-162.
20. Kapsimali M, Dumond H, Le Crom S, Coudouel S, Vincent JD, Vernier P (2000) Evolution and development of dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in vertebrates. J Soc Biol 194:87-93.
21. Kisanuki Y, Chemelli RM, Sinton CM, Williams SC, Richardson JA, Hammer RE, Yanagisawa M (2000) The role of orexin receptor type-1 (OX1R) in the regulation of sleep. Sleep 23:A91.
22. Kiyashchenko LI, Mileykovskiy BY, Lai,YY, Siegel JM (2001) Increased and decreased muscle tone with orexin (hypocretin) microinjections in the locus coeruleus and pontine inhibitory area. J Neurophysiol 85:2008-2016.
23. Kiyashchenko Ll, Mileykovskiy BY, Maidment N, Lam HA, Wu MF, John J, Peever J, Siegel JM (2002) Release of hypocretin (orexin) during waking and sleep states. J Neurosci 22:5282-5286.
24. Lai YY, Kodama T, Siegel JM (2001) Changes in monoamine release in the ventral horn and hypoglossal nucleus linked to pontine inhibition of muscle tone: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Neurosci 21:7384-91.
25. Larsen JO (1998) Stereology of nerve cross sections. J Neurosci Methods 85:107-18.
26. Leslie RD, Hawa M (1994) Twin studies in auto-immune disease. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 43:71-81.
27. Lin JS, Luppi PH, Salvert D, Sakai K, Jouvet M (1986) Histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of cats. C R Acad Sc Paris 303:371-376.
28. Lin JS, Sakai K, Vanni-Mercier G, Jouvet M (1989) A critical role of the posterior hypothalamus in the mechanisms of wakefulness determined by microinjection of muscimol in freely moving cats. Brain Res 479:225-240.
29. Lin L, Faraco J, Li R, Kadotani H, Rogers W, Lin X, Qiu X, de Jong PJ, Nishino S, Mignot E (1999) The sleep disorder canine narcolepsy is caused by a mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene. Cell 98:365-376.
30. Marcus JN, Aschkenasi CJ, Lee CE, Chemelli RM, Saper CB, Yanagisawa M, Elmquist JK(2001) Differential expression of orexin receptors 1 and 2 in the rat brain. J Comp Neurol 435:6-25.
31. Mignot E, Lin L, Rogers W (2001) Complex HLA-DR and -DQ interactions confer risk of narcolepsy-cataplexy in three ethnic groups. Am J Hum Genet 68:686-699.
32. Moore RY, Abrahamson EA, van den Pol A (2001). The hypocretin neuron system: an arousal system in the human brain. Arch Ital de Biol 139:195-206.
33. Naito S (1986) The association of HLA with diseases in Japanese. Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi 31:323-329.
34. Nambu T, Sakurai T, Mizukami K, Hosoya Y, Yanagisawa M, Goto K (1999) Distribution of orexin neurons in the adult rat brain. Brain Res 827:243-60.
35. Nishino S, Fujiki N, Ripley B, Sakurai E, Kato M, Watanabe T, Mignot E, Yanai K (2001) Decreased brain histamine content in hypocretin/orexin receptor-2 mutated narcoleptic dogs. Neurosci Lett 313:125-128.
36. Nishino S, Sakurai E, Nvsimalova S, Vankova J, Yoshida Y, Watanabe T, Yanai K, Mignot E (2002) CSF histamine content is decreased in hypocretin-deficient human narcolepsy. Sleep 25:A476.
37. Panula P, Yang HY, Costa E (1984) Histamine-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:2572-2576.
38. Peever JH, Lai YY, Siegel JM (2002) Excitatory effects of hypocretin in the trigeminal nucleus are reversed by NMDA antagonism. J Neurophysiol (in press).
39. Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, Ripley B, Overeem S, Charnay Y, Nevsimalova S, Aldrich M, Reynolds D, Albin R, Li R, Hungs M, Pedrazzoli M, Padigaru M, Kucherlapati M, Fan J, Maki R, Lammers GJ, Bouras C, Kucherlapati R, Nishino S, Mignot E (2000) A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Nat Med 6:991-997.
40. Peyron C, Tighe DK, van den Pol AN, de Lecea L, Heller HC, Sutcliffe JG, Kilduff TS (1998) Neurons containing hypocretin (orexin) project to multiple neuronal systems. J Neurosci 18:9996-10015.
41. Sakurai T, Amemiya A, Ishii M, Matsuzaki I, Chemelli RM, Tanaka H, Williams SC, Richardson JA, Kozlowski GP, Wilson S, Arch JR et al (1998) Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. Cell 92:573-85.
42. Schmitz E, Reichelt R, Walkowiak W, Richards JG, Hebebrand J (1988) A comparative phylogenetic study of the distribution of cerebellar ABAA/benzodiazepine receptors using radioligands and monoclonal antibodies. Brain Res 473:314-320.
43. Siegel JM (1999) Narcolepsy: A key role for hypocretins (orexins). Cell 98:409-412.
44. Steininger TL, Alam MN, Gong H, Szymusiak R, McGinty D (1999) Sleep-waking discharge of neurons in the posterior lateral hypothalamus of the albino rat. Brain Res 840:138-147.
45. Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Aldrich M, Albin R, Cornford M, Siegel JM (2000) Human narcolepsy is linked to reduced number, size and synaptic bouton density in hypocretin-2 labeled neurons. Abstr Soc Neurosci 26:2061-2061.
46. Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Nienhuis R, Ramanathan L, Gulyani S, Aldrich M, Cornford M, Siegel JM (2000) Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Neuron 27:469-474.
47. Thannickal TC, Nienhuis R, Ramanathan L, Gulyani S, Turner K, Chestnut B, Siegel JM (2000) Preservation of hypocretin neurons in genetically narcoleptic dogs. Sleep 23 A296.
48. Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Nienhuis R, Siegel JM (2002) Increased number of astrocytes and reduced density of hypocretin/orexin fibers in human narcolepsy. Sleep 25A:354-355.
49. Trivedi P, Yu H, MacNeil DJ, Van der Ploeg LH, Guan XM (1998) Distribution of orexin receptor mRNA in the rat brain. FEBS Lett 438:71-75.
50. van den Pol AN, Gao XB, Obrietan K, Kilduff TS, Belousov AB (1998) Presynaptic and postsynaptic actions and modulation of neuroendocrine neurons by a new hypothalamic peptide, hypocretin/orexin. J Neurosci 18:7962-7971.
51. Verge D, Calas A (2000) Serotoninergic neurons and serotonin receptors: gains from cytochemical approaches. J Chem Neuroanat 18:41-56.
52. Wagner D, Salin-Pascual R, Greco MA, Shiromani PJ (2000) Distribution of hypocretin-containing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and C-fos-immunoreactive neurons in the VLPO. Sleep Res Online 3:35-42.
53. Wu MF, Gulyani SA, Yau E, Mignot E, Phan B, Siegel JM (1999) Locus coeruleus neurons: cessation of activity during cataplexy. Neuroscience 91:1389-1399.
54. Yamanaka A, Tsujino N, Funahashi H, Honda K, Guan JL, Wang QP, Tominaga M, Goto K, Shioda S, Sakurai T (2002) Orexins activate histaminergic neurons via the orexin 2 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290:1237-1245.