Myometrial receptors in rat parturition

Danish Medical Bulletin

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 219-237

  Engstrom, Thomas ^a  

^a NONE   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN; OXYTOCIN RECEPTOR; PROGESTERONE; PROSTAGLANDIN F2 ALPHA; PROSTAGLANDIN RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; CHILDBIRTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE ACTION; NONHUMAN; PREMATURE LABOR; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; RAT; RECEPTOR BLOCKING; REVIEW; UTERUS CONTRACTION;

ANIMALS; DOWN-REGULATION; FEMALE; MYOMETRIUM; OXYTOCIN; PARTURITION; PREGNANCY; PROSTAGLANDINS; RATS; RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA-2; RECEPTORS, OXYTOCIN; UP-REGULATION; UTERINE CONTRACTION;

EID: 0042822137     PISSN: 09078916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (311)

1. Abel MH 1986. Comparison of nifedipine and diltiazem with salbutamol for prevention of preterm delivery in the ovariectomized, oestrogen-treated late pregnant rat. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 77:559-568.
2. Abel MH & Baird DT 1980. The effect of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone on prostaglandin production by human endometrium maintained in organ culture. Endocrinology, 106:1599-1606.
3. Adachi S & Oku M 1995. The regulation of oxytocin receptor expression in human myometrial monolayer culture. Journal of Smooth Muscle Research, 31:175-187.
4. Adan RA, Walther N, Cox JJ, Ivell R & Burbach JP 1991. Comparison of the estrogen responsiveness of the rat and bovine oxytocin gene promoters. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, 175:117-122.
5. Adan RAH, Cox JJ, van Kats JP & Burbach JPH 1992. Thyroid hormone regulates the oxytocin gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267:3771-3777.
6. Ahlquist RP 1948. American Journal of Physiology, 153:586.
7. Åkerlund M, Strömberg P, Hauksson A, Andersen LF, Lyndrup J, Trojnar J & Melin P 1987. Inhibition of uterine contractions of premature labour with an oxytocin analogue. Results from a pilot study. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 94:1040-1044.
8. Alexandrova M & Soloff MS 1980. Oxytocin receptors and parturition. 1. Control of oxytocin receptor concentration in the rat myometrium at term. Endocrinology, 106:730-735.
9. Alexandrova M & Soloff MS 1980. Oxytocin receptors and parturition in the guinea pig. Biology of reproduction, 22:1106-1111.
10. Amico JA, Finn FM & Robinson AG 1986. Ampholyte displacement and high pressure liquid chromatographic separation of the estrogen-responsive neurophysin from human plasma. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 63:835-840.
11. Antoni FA 1986. Oxytocin receptors in rat adenohypophysis: evidence from radioligand binding studies. Endocrinology, 119:2393-2395.
12. Antonijevic IA, Leng G, Luckman SM, Douglas AJ, Bicknell RJ & Russell JA 1995. Induction of uterine activity with oxytocin in late pregnant rats replicates the expression of c-fos in neuroendocrine and brain stem neurons as seen during parturition. Endocrinology, 136:154-163.
13. Anwer K & Sanborn BM 1989. Changes in intracellular free calcium in isolated myometrial cells: role of extracellular and intracellular calcium and possible involvement of guanine nucleotide-sensitive proteins. Endocrinology, 124:17-23.
14. Arch JR, Ainsworth AT, Cawthorne MA, Piercy V, Sennitt MV, Thody VE, Wilson C & Wilson S 1984. Atypical beta-adrenoceptor on brown adipocytes as target for anti-obesity drugs. Nature, 309:163-165.
15. Atke A & Vilhardt H 1987. Uterotonic activity and myometrial receptor affinity of 1-deamino-1-carba-2-tyrosine(O-methyl)-oxytocin. Acta Endocrinologica Copenhagen, 115:155-160.
16. Auletta FJ, Agins H & Scommegna A 1978. Prostaglandin F mediation of the inhibitory effect of estrogen on the corpus luteum of the rhesus monkey. Endocrinology, 103:1183-1189.
17. Bale TL & Dorsa DM 1997. Cloning, novel promoter sequence, and estrogen regulation of a rat oxytocin receptor gene. Endocrinology, 138:1151-1158.
18. Bale TL & Dorsa DM 1998. NGF, cyclic AMP, and phorbol esters regulate oxytocin receptor gene transcription in SK-N-SH and MCF7 cells. Molecular Brain Research, 53:130-137.
19. Bale TL, Dorsa DM & Johnston CA 1995. Oxytocin receptor mRNA expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus during the estrous cycle. Journal of Neuroscience, 15:5058-5064.
20. Barth T, Hutter HJ, Pliska V & Sorm F 1969. Inactivation of deamino-oxytocin, deamino-carba-oxytocin, (D-lys)-, and (D-arg)vasopressins by kidney cell particles. Experientia, 25:646-647.
21. Bathgate R, Rust W, Balvers M, Hartung S, Morley S & Ivell R 1995. Structure and expression of the bovine oxytocin receptor gene. DNA Cell. Biol. 14:1037-1048.
22. Bathgate RA & Sernia C 1994. Characterization and localization of oxytocin receptors in the rat testis. Journal of Endocrinology, 141:343-352.
23. Benovic JL, Bouvier M, Caron MG & Lefkowitz RJ 1988. Regulation of adenylyl cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 4:405-428.
24. Benovic JL, Strasser RH, Caron MG & Lefkowitz RJ 1986. Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase: identification of a novel protein kinase that phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the receptor. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences U. S. A. 83:2797-2801.
25. Berg G, Andersson RG & Ryden G 1982. Effects of selective beta-adrenergic agonists on spontaneous contractions, cAMP levels and phosphodiesterase activity in myometrial strips from pregnant women treated with terbutaline. Gynecological and Obstetrical Investigation, 14:56-64.
26. Berg G, Andersson RG & Ryden G 1985. Beta-adrenergic receptors in human myometrium during pregnancy: changes in the number of receptors after beta-mimetic treatment. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151:392-396.
27. Bergström S & Sjøvall J 1957. The isolation of prostaglandin. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 11:1086.
28. Blair-Bell W 1909. The pituitary body and the therapeutic value of the infundibular extract in shock, uterine atony and intestinal paresis. BMJ, 2:1609-1610.
29. Bohm SK, Grady EF & Bunnett NW 1997. Regulatory mechanisms that modulate signalling by G-protein-coupled receptors. Biochemical Journal, 322:1-18.
30. 3H-prazosin binding. Biochemical Pharmacology, 32:925-928.
31. 3H-rauwolscine binding. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 146:639-643.
32. Boura AL & Walters WA 1991. Autacoids and the control of vascular tone in the human umbilical-placental circulation. Placenta. 12:453-477.
33. Bouvier M, Collins S, O'Dowd BF, Campbell PT, de Blasi A, Kobilka BK, MacGregor C, Irons GP, Caron MG & Lefkowitz RJ 1989. Two distinct pathways for cAMP-mediated down-regulation of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. Phosphorylation of the receptor and regulation of its mRNA level. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264:16786-16792.
34. Brabe J, Drouin JN, Regoli D & Park WK 1977. Receptors for bradykinin in intestinal and uterine smooth muscle. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 55:1270-1285.
35. Breton C, Neculcea J & Zingg HH 1996. Renal oxytocin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid: characterization and regulation during pregnancy and in response to ovarian steroid treatment. Endocrinology, 137:2711-2717.
36. Breton C, Pechoux C, Morel G & Zingg HH 1995. Oxytocin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid: characterization, regulation, and cellular localization in the rat pituitary gland. Endocrinology, 136:2928-2936.
37. Breton C & Zingg HH 1997. Expression and region-specific regulation of the oxytocin receptor gene in rat brain. Endocrinology, 138:1857-1862.
38. Brummer HC 1972. Further studies on the interaction between prostaglandins and syntocinon on the isolated pregnant human myometrium. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 79:526-530.
39. 2. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 130:467-474.
40. Burbach JP & Adan RA 1993. The rat oxytocin gene. Physiological changes in expression in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system and responsiveness of promoter activity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 689:34-49.
41. Burford GD & Robinson IC 1982. Oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysins in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the human fetus. Journal of Endocrinology, 95:403-408.
42. 2+ mobilization without increasing the cellular levels of inositol polyphosphates. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 266:4772-4781.
43. 2+-responses in an immortalized human myometrial cell line. Biology of reproduction, 55:433-438.
44. 2α synthesis in bovine endometrium: role of calcium. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 15:477-487.
45. Campbell BK, Gordon BM & Scaramuzzi RJ 1994. The effect of ovarian arterial infusion of transforming growth factor alpha on ovarian follicle populations and ovarian hormone secretion in ewes with an autotransplanted ovary. Journal of Endocrinology, 143:13-24.
46. Challis JR & Patrick JE 1980. The production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the feto-placental unit and their effects on the developing fetus. Semin. Perinatol. 4:23-33.
47. Chan WY 1977. Relationship between the uterotonic action of oxytocin and prostaglandins: oxytocin action and release of PG-activity in isolated nonpregnant and pregnant rat uteri. Biology of Reproduction, 17:541-548.
48. Chan WY 1983. Uterine and placental prostaglandins and their modulation of oxytocin sensitivity and contractility in the parturient uterus. Biology of reproduction, 29:680-688.
49. Chan WY & Chen DL 1992. Myometrial oxytocin receptors and prostaglandin in the parturition process in the rat. Biology of reproduction, 46:58-64.
50. Chard T 1989. Fetal and maternal oxytocin in human parturition. American Journal of Perinatology, 6:145-152.
51. Chard T, Hudson CN, Edwards CR & Boyd NR 1971. Release of oxytocin and vasopressin by the human foetus during labour. Nature, 234:352-354.
52. 2 by rat uterine tissue throughout the sex cycle. Effects of 17-beta-estradiol and progesterone. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids 51:47-50.
53. Chen DL, Chan WY & Manning M 1994. Agonist and antagonist specificities of decidual prostaglandin-releasing oxytocin receptors and myometrial uterotonic oxytocin receptors in pregnant rats. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 102:337-343.
54. Chwalisz K, Fahrenholz F, Hackenberg M, Garfield R & Elger W 1991. The progesterone antagonist onapristone increases the effectiveness of oxytocin to produce delivery without changing the myometrial oxytocin receptor concentrations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 165:1760-1770.
55. Ciereszko RE, Guan Z, Stokes BT, Petroff BK, Ottobre AC & Ottobre JS 1995. Arachidonic acid inhibits hCG-stimulated progesterone production by corpora lutea of primates: potential mechanism of action. Prostaglandins, 50:103-119.
56. Cohen Tannoudji J, Mhaouty S, Elwardy Merezak J, Lecrivain JL, Robin MT, Legrand C & Maltier JP 1995. Regulation of myometrial Gi2, Gi3, and Gq expression during pregnancy. Effects of progesterone and estradiol. Biology of Reproduction, 53:55-64.
57. 2α. Journal of Physiology (London), 399:33-47.
58. Cort N, Einarsson S, Schams D & Vilhardt H 1981. Blood concentrations of oxytocin equivalents after single injections of deamino-1-monocarba-[2-O-methyltyrosine]-oxytocin in lactating sows. American Journal of Veterinarian Research, 42:1804-1806.
59. Crankshaw DJ 1987. The sensitivity of the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the rat's myometrium to oxytocin in vitro during pregnancy. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 65:773-777.
60. Crankshaw DJ & Gaspar V 1995. Pharmacological characterization in vitro of prostanoid receptors in the myometrium of nonpregnant ewes. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 103:55-61.
61. Csapo AI 1956. Progesterone block. American Journal of Anatomy, 98:273.
62. Csapo AI 1976. Prostaglandins and the initiation of labor. Prostaglandins, 12:149-164.
63. Currie WB, Gorewit RC & Michel FJ 1988. Endocrine changes, with special emphasis on oestradiol-17 beta, prolactin and oxytocin, before and during labour and delivery in goats. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 82:299-308.
64. Cushney AR 1906. On the movement of the uterus. British Journal of Pharmacology. 35:1-19.
65. Dale HH 1906. On some physilogical actions of ergot. The Journal of Physiology, 34:163-206.
66. Dayes BA & Lye SJ 1990. Characterization of myometrial desensitization to beta-adrenergic agonists. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 68:1377-1384.
67. De Bree FM 2000. Trafficking of the vasopressin and oxytocin prohormone through the regulated secretory pathway. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 12:589-594.
68. Deeb R & Breslow E 1996. Thermodynamic role of the pro region of the neurophysin precursor in neurophysin folding: evidence from the effects of ligand peptides on folding. Biochemistry, 35:864-873.
69. DeWitt DL & Meade EA 1993. Serum and glucocorticoid regulation of gene transcription and expression of the prostaglandin H synthase-1 and prostaglandin H synthase-2 isozymes. Archives Biochemica Biophysica, 306:94-102.
70. Di Scala Guenot D & Strosser MT 1995. Downregulation of the oxytocin receptor on cultured astroglial cells. American Journal of Physiology, 268:C413-8.
71. Doggrell SA 1995. Comparison of the attenuating effects of four beta-adrenoceptor agonists on rat isolated uterus and aorta. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 22:670-674.
72. Dong YL, Fang L, Gangula PR & Yallampalli C 1998. Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid expression in pregnant rat uterus. Biology of Reproduction, 59:933-940.
73. 2 and contractile FP receptors in the rat uterus. Biology of Reproduction, 62:533-539.
74. Du Vigneaud V, Ressler C & Tripett S 1955. The sequence of aminoacids in oxytocin, with a proposal for the structure of oxytocin. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 215:949-957.
75. Dudley HW 1919. Some observations on the active principles of the pituitary gland. Journal of Pharmacology 14:295-312.
76. 2α in response to oxytocin during the estrous cycle, early pregnancy, and estrogen-induced pseudopregnancy in swine. Biology of Reproduction, 55:657-662.
77. Einspanier A & Ivell R 1997. Oxytocin and oxytocin receptor expression in reproductive tissues of the male marmoset monkey. Biology of Reproduction, 56:416-422.
78. El Meskini R, Boudouresque F & Ouafik L 1997. Estrogen regulation of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase messenger ribonucleic acid levels by a nuclear posttranscriptional event. Endocrinology, 138:5256-5265.
79. 2α, indomethacin, oxytocin and an oxytocin antagonist in rats. Regulatory Peptides, 20:65-72.
80. Engstrøm T, Atke A, Vilhardt H 1988. Receptor-binding characteristics and contractile responsiveness of the myometrium following prolonged infusion of bradykinin and oxytocin in rats. Journal of Endocrinology, 118:81-85.
81. Engstrøm T, Bratholm P, Vilhardt H & Christensen NJ 1997. Effect of pregnancy on rat myometrial beta 2-adrenoceptor mRNA and isoproterenol-induced relaxation of isolated uterine strips. Journal of Endocrinology, 153:393-399.
82. 2-desensitization in non-pregnant estrogen primed rat myometrium involves modulation of oxytocin receptor gene expression. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 20:261-270.
83. Engstrøm T, Barth P, Melin P, Vilhardt H 1988. Oxytocin receptor binding and uterotonic activity of carbetocin and its metabolites following enzymatic degradation. European Journal of Pharmacology, 355:203-210.
84. Engstrøm T, Bratholm P, Vilhardt H, Christensen NJ 1999. The effect of oxytocin receptor and β2-adrenoceptor blockade on myometrial oxytocin receptors in parturient rats. Biology of Reproduction, 60:322-329.
85. Engstrøm T, Bratholm P, Christensen NJ, Vilhardt H 1999. Up-regulation of oxytocin receptors in non-pregnant rat myometrium by isoproterenol. Effects of steroids. Journal of Endocrinology, 161:403-411.
86. 2α. Biology of Reproduction, 63:1443-1449.
87. Engstrøm T 2001. The regulation by ovarian steroids of prostaglandin synthesis and prostaglandin induced contractility in non-pregnant rat myometrium. Modulating effects of isoproterenol. Journal of Endocrinology, 169:33-41.
88. Engstrom T, Vilhardt H, Bratholm P, Christensen NJ 2001. Desensitization of β2-adrenoceptor function in non-pregnant rat myometrium is modulated by sex steroids. Journal of Endocrinology, 170:147-155.
89. Fang X, Wong S & Mitchell BF 1996. Relationships among sex steroids, oxytocin, and their receptors in the rat uterus during late gestation and at parturition. Endocrinology, 137:3213-3219.
90. Fejgin MD, Pak SC, Warnell C, Flouret G, Parsons MT & Wilson L, Jr. 1994. Oxytocin antagonist inhibitory effect on the rat and baboon uterus may be overcome by prostaglandins. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 171:1076-1080.
91. Ferguson JKW 1941. A study of the motility of the intact uterus at term. Surgical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 73:359-366.
92. Ferris CD, Cameron AM, Bredt DS & Huganir RL 1991. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase at serines 1755 and 1589. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, 175:192-198.
93. 2α induces a rapid decline in progesterone production and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in isolated rat corpus luteum without altering messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Biology of Reproduction, 61:643-650.
94. Flint AP & Sheldrick EL 1983. Evidence for a systemic role for ovarian oxytocin in luteal regression in sheep. Journal of Reproduction and Fertlity, 67:215-225.
95. Flint AP, Sheldrick EL, McCann TJ, Brinklow BR & Loudon AS 1991. Prostaglandin-induced secretion of oxytocin and prolactin in red (Cervus elaphus) and Pere David's (Elaphurus davidianus) deer hinds: evidence for oxytocin of luteal origin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 83:432-438.
96. Forsling ML, Martin MJ, Sturdy JC & Burton AM 1973. Observations on the release and clearance of neurophysin and the neurohypophysial hormones in the rat. Journal of Endocrinology, 57:307-315.
97. Fredholm BB, Lunell NO, Persson B & Wager J 1982. Development of tolerance to the metabolic actions of beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs. Acta Obstetrica and Gynecologica Scandinavica Supplementum, 108:53-59.
98. Fuchs A, Helmer H, Behrens O, Liu H, Antonian L, Chang S & Fields M 1992. Oxytocin and bovine parturition: A steep rise in endometrial oxytocin receptors precedes onset of labor. Biology of Reproduction, 47:937-944.
99. Fuchs AR, Behrens O, Helmer H, Vangsted A, Ivanisevic M, Grifo J, Barros C & Fields M 1990. Oxytocin and vasopressin binding sites in human and bovine ovaries. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 163:1961-1967.
100. Fuchs AR & Dawood MY 1980. Oxytocin release and uterine activation during parturition in rabbits. Endocrinology, 107:1117-1126.
101. Fuchs AR & Fuchs F 1984. Endocrinology of human parturition: a review. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 91:948-967.
102. Fuchs AR, Fuchs F, Husslein P & Soloff MS 1984. Oxytocin receptors in the human uterus during pregnancy and parturition. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 150:734-741.
103. Fuchs AR, Helmer H, Behrens O, Liu HC, Antonian L, Chang SM & Fields MJ 1992. Oxytocin and bovine parturition: a steep rise in endometrial oxytocin receptors precedes onset of labor. Biology of reproduction, 47:937-944.
104. Fuchs AR, Periyasamy S, Alexandrova M & Soloff MS 1983. Correlation between oxytocin receptor concentration and responsiveness to oxytocin in pregnant rat myometrium: effects of ovarian steroids. Endocrinology, 113:742-749.
105. Fuchs AR, Romero R, Keefe D, Parra M, Oyarzun E & Behnke E 1991. Oxytocin secretion and human parturition: pulse frequency and duration increase during spontaneous labor in women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 165:1515-1523.
106. Fuentealba B, Nieto M & Croxatto HB 1988. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the oviduct during egg transport in cyclic and pregnant rats. Biology of Reproduction, 39:751-757.
107. 2α receptors in human myometria and amnion-decidua complex during pregnancy and labor. Endocrinologica Japonica, 31:565-570.
108. Gazis D 1978. Plasma half-lives of vasopressin and oxytocin analogs after iv injection in rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 158:663-665.
109. Gazis D & Sawyer WH 1978. Elimination of infused arginine-vasopressin and its long-acting deaminated analogue in rats. Journal of Endocrinology, 78:179-186.
110. Geisert RD, Thatcher WW, Roberts RM & Bazer FW 1982. Establishment of pregnancy in the pig: III. Endometrial secretory response to estradiol valerate administered on day 11 of the estrous cycle. Biology of Reproduction, 27:957-965.
111. Gelety TJ & Chaudhuri G 1992. Prostaglandins in the ovary and fallopian tube. Baillieres Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 6:707-729.
112. Germain AM, Smith J, Casey ML & MacDonald PC 1994. Human fetal membrane contribution to the prevention of parturition: Uterotonin degradation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 78:463-470.
113. Gilbert CL, Goode JA & McGrath TJ 1994. Pulsatile secretion of oxytocin during parturition in the pig: temporal relationship with fetal expulsion. Journal of Physiology (London), 475:129-137.
114. Glatz TH, Weitzman RE, Eliot RJ, Klein AH, Nathanielsz PW & Fisher DA 1981. Ovine maternal and fetal plasma oxytocin concentrations before and during parturition. Endocrinology, 108:1328-1332.
115. 2. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 65:166-171.
116. Gonser M 1995. Labor induction and augmentation with oxytocin: pharmacokinetic considerations. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 256:63-66.
117. Goodwin TM, Paul R, Silver H, Spellacy W, Parsons M, Chez R, Hayashi R, Valenzuela G, Creasy GW & Merriman R 1994. The effect of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban on preterm uterine activity in the human. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 170:474-478.
118. 2 [8-lysine] vasopressin and oxytocin receptors from a pig kidney cell line. European Journal of Biochemistry, 215:1-7.
119. Gordina VZ 1991. [Serum oxytocin and oxytocinase activities in women during pregnancy] Oksitoticheskaia i oksitotsinaznaia aktivnost' syvorotki krovi u zhenshchin vo vremia beremennosti. Akush. Ginekol. Mosk. 11-13.
120. Gore BZ, Caldwell BV & Speroff L 1973. Estrogen-induced human luteolysis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 36:615-617.
121. Grazzini E, Guillon G, Mouillac B & Zingg HH 1998. Inhibition of oxytocin receptor function by direct binding of progesterone [see comments]. Nature, 392:509-512.
122. 2α during labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 120:25-31.
123. Gross TS, Lacroix MC, Bazer FW, Thatcher WW & Harney JP 1988. Prostaglandin secretion by perifused porcine endometrium: further evidence for an endocrine versus exocrine secretion of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins, 35:327-341.
124. Gunther M 1948. The posterior pituitary and labour. British Medical Journal, 1:567.
125. Gutkowska J, Jankowski M, Lambert C, Mukaddam Daher S, Zingg HH & McCann SM 1997. Oxytocin releases atrial natriuretic peptide by combining with oxytocin receptors in the heart. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences USA, 94:11704-11709.
126. Hadcock JR & Malbon CC 1988. Down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors: agonist-induced reduction in receptor mRNA levels. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences USA, 85:5021-5025.
127. Haluska GJ, West NB, Novy MJ & Brenner RM 1990. Uterine estrogen receptors are increased by RU486 in late pregnant rhesus macaques but not after spontaneous labor. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 70:181-186.
128. Ham EA, Cirillo VJ, Zanetti ME & Kuehl FA, Jr. 1975. Estrogen-directed synthesis of specific prostaglandins in uterus. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences USA, 72:1420-1424.
129. Harding SE, Brown LA, Wynne DG, Davies CH & Poole Wilson PA 1994. Mechanisms of beta adrenoceptor desensitisation in the failing human heart. Cardiovascular Research, 28:1451-1460.
130. Hatjis CG, Koritnik DR & Crews A 1988. Up-regulation of guinea pig myometrial beta-adrenoreceptors by systemic estradiol and progesterone. Endocrinology, 122:1455-1459.
131. Hemminki E & Starfield B 1978. Prevention and treatment of premature labour by drugs: review of controlled clinical trials. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 85:411-417.
132. Higby K, Xenakis EM & Pauerstein CJ 1993. Do tocolytic agents stop preterm labor? A critical and comprehensive review of efficacy and safety. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 168:1247-1256.
133. Higuchi T 1995. Oxytocin: a neurohormone, neuroregulator, paracrine substance. Jpn. J. Physiol. 45:1-21.
134. Higuchi T, Honda K, Fukuoka T, Negoro H & Wakabayashi K 1985. Release of oxytocin during suckling and parturition in the rat. Journal of Endocrinology, 105:339-346.
135. Higuchi T, Tadokoro Y, Honda K & Negoro H 1986. Detailed analysis of blood oxytocin levels during suckling and parturition in the rat. Journal of Endocrinology, 110:251-256.
136. Higuchi T, Uchide K, Honda K & Negoro H 1986. Oxytocin release during parturition in the pelvic-neurectomized rat. Journal of Endocrinology, 109:149-154.
137. Higuchi T, Uchide K, Honda K & Negoro H 1987. Pelvic neurectomy abolishes the fetus-expulsion reflex and induces dystocia in the rat. Exp. Neurol. 96:443-455.
138. Hilliard J, Spies HG & Sawyer CH 1968. Cholesterol storage and progestin secretion during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the rabbit. Endocrinology, 82:157-165.
139. Hirst JJ, Haluska GJ, Cook MJ & Novy MJ 1993. Plasma oxytocin and nocturnal uterine activity: maternal but not fetal concentrations increase progressively during late pregnancy and delivery in rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 169:415-422.
140. Hofbauer J 1911. Hypophysenextract als wehenmittel. Zentralbl. Gynaekol. 35:137-141.
141. Hoffman BB, Lavin TN, lefkowitz RJ & Ruffolo RR, Jr. 1981. Alpha adrenergic receptor subtypes in rabbit uterus: mediation of myometrial contraction and regulation by estrogens. Journal of Pharmacological and Experimental Therapeutics, 219:290-295.
142. Horrobin DF, Lipton A, Muiruri KL, Manku MS, Bramley PS & Burstyn PG 1973. An inhibitory effect of prolactin on the response of rat myometrium to oxytocin. Experientia, 29:109-110.
143. Hoyer PB 1998. Regulation of luteal regression: the ewe as a model. J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig. 5:49-57.
144. Huang D, Hubbard CJ & Jungmann RA 1995. Lactate dehydrogenase A subunit messenger RNA stability is synergistically regulated via the protein kinase A and C signal transduction pathways. Molecular Endocrinology, 9:994-1004.
145. Hunter DJ, Schulz P & Wassenaar W 1992. Effect of carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analog on the postpartum uterus. Clinical and Pharmacological Therapeutics, 52:60-67.
146. Hydbring E, MacDonald E & Olsson K 1997. Radiotelemetrically recorded blood pressure and heart rate changes in relation to plasma catecholamine levels during parturition in the conscious, unrestrained goat. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 161:295-302.
147. Insel TR, Winslow JT & Witt DM 1992. Homologous regulation of brain oxytocin receptors. Endocrinology, 130:2602-2608.
148. Ivell R & Richter D 1984. Structure and comparison of the oxytocin and vasopressin genes from rat. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences USA, 81:2006-2010.
149. Jasper JR, Harrell CM, O'Brien JA & Pettibone DJ 1995. Characterization of the human oxytocin receptor stably expressed in 293 human embryonic kidney cells. Life Sciences, 57:2253-2261.
150. Jeng YJ, Hinko A & Soloff MS 1995. Effectors of cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate up-regulating-oxytocin receptors in rabbit amnion cells: isoproterenol, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and potentiation by cortisol. Biology of Reproduction, 53:1051-1056.
151. Johansson SR & Andersson RG 1981. Mechanisms of beta-adrenergic desensitization in rat myometrium. Acta Pharmacologica Toxicologica (Copenhagen), 49:241-247.
152. Johnson WL, Harbert GM & Martin CB 1975. Pharmacologic control of uterine contractility. In vitro human and in vivo monkey studies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 123:364-375.
153. Kalin NH, Gibbs DM, Barksdale CM, Shelton SE & Cames M 1985. Behavioral stress decreases plasma oxytocin concentrations in primates. Life Sciences, 36:1275-1280.
154. Kaneko Y, Tsukamoto T, Kawarabayashi T, Ikeda M & Sugimori H 1996. Characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors in longitudinal muscle membranes of rat uterus: changes in kinetic properties of the receptor during gestation. Journal of Molecular Recognition, 9:233-238.
155. 2α in human blood during labour. British Medical Journal, 4:618-621.
156. Karim SM & Devlin J 19667. Prostaglandin content of amniotic fluid during pregnancy and labour. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 74:230-234.
157. 2α-induction of labour. British Medical Journal, 4:621-623.
158. Ke R, Vohra M & Casper R 1984. Prolonged inhibition of human myometrial contractility by intermittent isoproterenol. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 149:841-844.
159. Keirse MJ, Flint AP & Turnbull AC 1974. F prostaglandins in amniotic fluid during pregnancy and labour. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 81:131-135.
160. Keirse MJ, Mitchell MD & Turnbull AC 1977. Changes in prostaglandin F and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F concentrations in amniotic fluid at the onset of and during labour. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84:743-746.
161. Khan Dawood FS, Yang J, Anwer K & Dawood MY 1995. Bioactive oxytocin in human and baboon corpora lutea. Journal of Endocrinology, 147:525-532.
162. 2α and luteal secretion of progesterone in response to oxytocin during the porcine estrous cycle. Biology of Reproduction, 45:950-954.
163. Kimura T, Azuma C, Takemura M, Inoue T, Kikuchi T, Kubota Y, Ogita K, Saji F & Tanizawa O 1993. Molecular cloning of a human oxytocin receptor. Regulatory Peptides, 45:73-77.
164. Kimura T et al. 1994. Molecular characterization of a cloned human oxytocin receptor. European Journal of Endocrinology, 131:385-390.
165. Kimura T, Tanizawa O, Mori K, Brownstein MJ & Okayama H 1992. Structure and expression of a human oxytocin receptor [published erratum appears in Nature 1992. May 14;357(6374):176]. Nature, 356:526-529.
166. 2α on prolactin release in sows. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, 96:241-246.
167. Krall JF, Mori H, Tuck ML, LeShon SL & Korenman SG 1978. Demonstration of adrenergic catecholamine receptors in rat myometrium and their regulation by sex steroid hormones. Life Sciences, 23:1073-1081.
168. Krishna GS & Kanagasabapathy AS 1989. A peptidase activity from primate liver that inactivates oxytocin in vitro: purification and partial characterization. Journal of Endocrinology, 121:537-544.
169. Lajat S, Tanfin Z, Guillon G & Harbon S 1996. Modulation of phospholipase C pathway and level of Gq alpha/G11 alpha in rat myometrium during gestation. American Journal of Physiology, 271:C895-904.
170. 2α-stimulated release of ovarian oxytocin in the sheep in vivo: threshold and dose dependency. Biology of Reproduction, 40:1215-1223.
171. Landgraf R, Schulz J, Eulenberger K & Wilhelm J 1983. Plasma levels of oxytocin and vasopressin before, during and after parturition in cows. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology, 81:321-328.
172. Lands AM, Arnold A, McAuliff JP, Luduena FP & Brown TG 1967. Nature, 214:597
173. Larcher A, Neculcea J, Breton C, Arslan A, Rozen F, Russo C & Zingg HH 1995. Oxytocin receptor gene expression in the rat uterus during pregnancy and the estrous cycle and in response to gonadal steroid treatment. Endocrinology, 136:5350-5356.
174. Leake RD, Weitzman RE, Glatz TH & Fisher DA 1981. Plasma oxytocin concentrations in men, nonpregnant women, and pregnant women before and during spontaneous labor. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 53:730-733.
175. Lecrivain JL, Cohen Tannoudji J, Robin MT, Coudouel N, Legrand C & Maltier JP 1998. Molecular mechanisms of adenylyl cyclase desensitization in pregnant rat myometrium following in vivo administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol. Biology of Reproduction, 59:45-52.
176. Lefebvre DL, Farookhi R, Giaid A, Neculcea J & Zingg HH 1994. Uterine oxytocin gene expression. II. Induction by exogenous steroid administration. Endocrinology, 134:2562-2566.
177. Lefebvre DL, Giaid A, Bennett H, Lariviere R & Zingg HH 1992. Oxytocin gene expression in rat uterus. Science, 256:1553-1555.
178. Lefebvre DL, Giaid A & Zingg HH 1992. Expression of the oxytocin gene in rat placenta. Endocrinology, 130:1185-1192.
179. Lefebvre DL, Lariviere R & Zingg H 1993. Rat amnion: a novel site of oxytocin production. Biology of Reproduction, 48:632-639.
180. Legrand C & Maltier JP 1986. Evidence for a noradrenergic transmission in the control of parturition in the rat. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 76:415-424.
181. Leng G, Mansfield S, Bicknell RJ, Brown D, Chapman C, Hollingsworth S, Ingram CD, Marsh MI, Yates JO & Dyer RG 1987. Stress-induced disruption of parturition in the rat may be mediated by endogenous opioids. Journal of Endocrinology, 114:247-252.
182. Leng G, Mansfield S, Bicknell RJ, Dean AD, Ingram CD, Marsh MI, Yates JO & Dyer RG 1985. Central opioids: a possible role in parturition? Journal of Endocrinology, 106:219-224.
183. Light RJ & Samuelsson B 1972. Identification of prostaglandins in the gorgonian, Plexaura homomalla. European Journal of Biochemistry 28:232-240.
184. Liu CX, Takahashi S, Murata T, Hashimoto K, Agatsuma T, Matsukawa S & Higuchi T 1996. Changes in oxytocin receptor mRNA in the rat uterus measured by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Endocrinology, 150:479-486.
185. Lohse MJ 1996. [Mechanisms of the regulation of adrenergic beta-receptors] Mechanismen der Regulation beta-adrenerger Rezeptoren. Z. Kardiol. 85:Suppl 7:1-3.
186. Luckas MJ, Taggart MJ & Wray S 1999. Intracellular calcium stores and agonist-induced contractions in isolated human myometrium. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 181:468-476.
187. Lundin Schiller S, Kreider D, Rorie R, Hardesty D, Mitchell M & Koike T 1996. Characterization of porcine endometrial, myometrial, and mammary oxytocin binding sites during gestation and labor. Biology of Reproduction. 55(3): 575. 581. 575-581.
188. Lye SJ, Dayes BA, Freitag CL, Brooks J & Casper RF 1992. Failure of ritodrine to prevent preterm labor in the sheep. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 167:1399-1408.
189. MacDonald PC, Schultz FM, Duenhoelter JH, Gant NF, Jimenez JM, Pritchard JA, Porter JC & Johnston JM 1974. Initiation of human parturition. 1. Mechanism of action of arachidonic acid. Obstet. Gynecol. 44:629-636.
190. Mackenzie LW & Garfield RE 1985. Hormonal control of gap junctions in the myometrium. American Journal of Physiology 248:C296-308.
191. Maggi M, Baldi E & Susini T 1994. Hormonal and local regulation of uterine activity during parturition: Part I - The oxytocin system. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 17:739-756.
192. 1 vasopressin receptors as well as oxytocin receptors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 70:1142-1154.
193. Maggi M, Genazzani AD, Giannini S, Torrisi C, Baldi E, di Tomaso M, Munson PJ, Rodbard D, Serio M & di Tomasso M, corrected-to-di-Tomaso-M] 1988. Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors in vagina, myometrium, and oviduct of rabbits [published erratum appears in Endocrinology 1988. Oct;123(4):2123]. Endocrinology, 122:2970-2980.
194. Mahan LC, McKernan RM & Insel PA 1987. Metabolism of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in vitro and in vivo. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 27:215-235.
195. Makino T, Nakazawa K, Ishii K, Haginiwa I, Nakayama A & Iizuka R 1983. Detection of immunoreactive human placental oxytocin and its contractile effect on the uterine muscle. Endocrinol. Jpn. 30:389-395.
196. Maltier JP & Legrand C 1988. Characterization of beta-adrenoceptors in myometrium of preparturient rats. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2:369-383.
197. Marc S, Leiber D & Harbon S 1986. Carbachol and oxytocin stimulate the generation of inositol phosphates in the guinea pig myometrium. FEBS Lett. 201:9-14.
198. Marceau F, Lussier A, Regoli D & Giroud JP 1983. Pharmacology of kinins: their relevance to tissue injury and inflammation. Gen. Pharmacol. 14:209-229.
199. McCracken JA, Custer EE & Lamsa JC 1999. Luteolysis: a neuroendocrine-mediated event. Physiol. Rev. 79:263-323.
200. Melin P, Vilhardt H, Lindeberg G, Larsson LE & Akerlund M 1981. Inhibitory effect of O-alkylated analogues of oxytocin and vasopressin on human and rat myometrial activity. Journal of Endocrinology, 88:173-180.
201. Mitchell BF, Fang X & Wong S 1997. Metabolism of oxytocin in rat uterus and placenta in late gestation. Biology of Reproduction, 57:807-812.
202. Mitchell MD 1981. Prostaglandins during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 62:305-315.
203. 1α, in amniotic fluid during late pregnancy and labour. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 86:350-353.
204. Mizutani S 1998. Physiological roles of placental proteases in feto-placental homeostasis. Nagoya. Journal of Medical Sciences, 61:85-95.
205. Mlczoch J 1977. [Prostaglandins and lung]. Acta Med. Austriaca. 4:186-190.
206. Mohr E & Schmitz E 1991. Functional characterization of estrogen and glucocorticoid responsive elements in the rat oxytocin gene. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 9:293-298.
207. Montiel M, Caro MC & Jimenez E 1997. Agonist-induced internalisation of the angiotensin II-binding sites from plasma membranes of isolated rat hepatocytes. Journal of Endocrinology, 152:407-412.
208. Motta A, Faletti A & Gimeno MA 1995. Influence of progesterone levels on prostaglandin concentrations in isolated uterine tissue and incubation medium from pseudopregnant rats. Prostaglandins, 50:213-223.
209. Murata T, Murata E, Liu CX, Narita K, Honda K & Higuchi T 2000. Oxytocin receptor gene expression in rat uterus: regulation by ovarian steroids. Journal of Endocrinology, 166:45-52.
210. 2 receptors in the endometrium and myometrium of rat uterus and the effects of estrogen and progesterone. Endocrinology, 140:3372-3382.
211. Nakano J 1969. Cardiovascular effect of a prostaglandin isolated from a gorgonian Plexaura homomalla. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 21:782-783.
212. Neumann ID, Torner L & Wigger A 2000. Brain oxytocin: differential inhibition of neuroendocrine stress responses and anxiety-related behaviour in virgin, pregnant and lactating rats. Neuroscience, 95:567-575.
213. Newton N, Foshee D & Newton M 1966. Parturient mice: effect of environment on labor. Science, 151:1560-1561.
214. Nibbelink DW 1961. Paraventricular nuclei, neurohypophysis and parturition. American Journal of Physiology 200:1229
215. Nicholson HD, Parkinson TJ & Lapwood KR 1999. Effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on sperm transport from the cauda epididymis in sheep. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 117:299-305.
216. Nishimori K, Young LJ, Guo Q, Wang Z, Insel TR & Matzuk MM 1996. Oxytocin is required for nursing but is not essential for parturition or reproductive behavior. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 93:11699-11704.
217. Nnamani C, Godwin A, Ducsay CA, Longo LD & Fletcher WH 1994. Regulation of cell-cell communication mediated by connexin 43 in rabbit myometrial cells. Biology of Reproduction, 50:377-389.
218. Norman JE, Kelly RW & Baird DT 1991. Uterine activity and decidual prostaglandin production in women in early pregnancy in response to mifepristone with or without indomethacin in vivo. Human Reproduction, 6:740-744.
219. Novy MJ 1977. Endocrine and pharmacological factors which influence the onset of labour in rhesus monkeys. Ciba. Found. Symp. 259-295.
220. Novy MJ, Cook MJ & Manaugh L 1974. Indomethacin block of normal onset of parturition in primates. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 118:412-416.
221. O'Hagan KP & Casey SM 1998. Arterial baroreflex during pregnancy and renal sympathetic nerve activity during parturition in rabbits. American Journal of Physiology 274:H1635-42.
222. Okano A, Okuda K, Takahashi M & Schams D 1996. Oxytocin receptors in the porcine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Animal Reproduction. Science 41:61-70.
223. Okuda K, Uenoyama Y, Miyamoto A, Okano A, Schweigert F & Schams D 1995. Effects of prostaglandins and oestradiol-17-beta on oxytocin binding in cultured bovine luteal cells. Reproduction Fertility and Development 7:1045-1051.
224. 2α receptor in the rat ovary. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 123:45-52.
225. Olofsson JI & Leung PC 1996. Prostaglandins and their receptors: implications for ovarian physiology. Biol. Signals. 5:90-100.
226. Ostrowski NL & Lolait SJ 1995. Oxytocin receptor gene expression in female rat kidney. The effect of estrogen. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 395:329-340.
227. Ou CW, Chen ZQ, Qi S & Lye SJ 1998. Increased expression of the rat myometrial oxytocin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid during labor requires both mechanical and hormonal signals. Biology of Reproduction, 59:1055-1061.
228. Paccamonti DL, Pycock JF, Taverne MA, Bevers M, Van Der Weijden GC, Gutjahr S, Schams D & Blouin D 1999. PGFM response to exogenous oxytocin and determination of the half-life of oxytocin in nonpregnant mares. Equine. Vet. J. 31:285-288.
229. Phaneuf S, Asboth G, Carrasco MP, Europe Finner GN, Saji F, Kimura T, Harris A & Lopez Bernal A 1997. The desensitization of oxytocin receptors in human myometrial cells is accompanied by down-regulation of oxytocin receptor messenger RNA. Journal of Endocrinology, 154:7-18.
230. Phaneuf S, Asboth G, Europe Finner GN, Watson SP & Lopez Bernal A 1995. Second messenger pathways for oxytocin and prostaglandins in human myometrium. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23:21S
231. Phaneuf S, Asboth G, MacKenzie IZ, Melin P & Lopez Bernal A 1994. Effect of oxytocin antagonists on the activation of human myometrium in vitro: atosiban prevents oxytocin-induced desensitization. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 171:1627-1634.
232. Phillippe M 1983. Fetal catecholamines. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 146:840-855.
233. Pinto RM, Lerner U & Pontelli H 1966. [Effect in vitro of progesterone on the contractile activity of the 3 layers of the human pregnant uterus]. Rev. Soc. Argent. Biol. 42:214-221.
234. Pittner RA & Fain JN 1990. Vasopressin and norepinephrine stimulation of inositol phosphate accumulation in rat hepatocytes are modified differently by protein flnase C and protein kinase A. Biochimica and Biophysica Acta, 1043:211-217.
235. Polacek I & Daniel EE 1971. Effect of - and -adrenergic stimulation on the uterine motility and adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate level. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 49:988-998.
236. Porter DG 1970. The failure of progesterone to affect myometrial activity in the guinea-pig. Journal of Endocrinology, 46:425-434.
237. Poyser NL 1995. The control of prostaglandin production by the endometrium in relation to luteolysis and menstruation. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 53:147-195.
238. 2α induced by progesterone in swine. Journal of Animal Science, 72:459-463.
239. Randolph GW & Fuchs AR 1989. Pulsatile administration enhances the effect and reduces the dose of oxytocin required for induction of labor. American Journal of Perinatology, 6:159-166.
240. Regoli D & Barabe J 1980. Pharmacology of bradykinin and related kinins. Pharmacological Reviews, 32:1-46.
241. Richard S & Zingg HH 1990. The human oxytocin gene promoter is regulated by estrogens. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265:6098-6103.
242. Richard S & Zingg HH 1991. Identification of a retinoic acid response element in the human oxytocin promoter. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266:21428-21433.
243. Riemer RK, Goldfien AC, Goldfien A & Roberts JM 1986. Rabbit uterine oxytocin receptors and in vitro contractile response: abrupt changes at term and the role of eicosanoids. Endocrinology, 119:699-709.
244. Riemer RK, Wu YY, Bottari SP, Jacobs MM, Goldfien A & Roberts JM 1988. Estrogen reduces beta-adrenoceptor-mediated cAMP production and the concentration of the guanyl nucleotide-regulatory protein, Gs, in rabbit myometrium. Molecular Pharmacology 33:389-395.
245. Roberts JM 1984. Current understanding of pharmacologic mechanisms in the prevention of preterm birth. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 27:592-605.
246. Roberts JM, Insel PA & Goldfien A 1981. Regulation of myometrial adrenoreceptors and adrenergic response by sex steroids. Molecular Pharmacology 20:52-58.
247. Roberts JM, Insel PA, Goldfien RD & Goldfien A 1977. Identification of beta-adrenergic binding sites in rabbit myometrium. Endocrinology, 101:1839-1843.
248. Robinson AG, Ferin M & Zimmerman EA 1976. Plasma neurophysin levels in monkeys: emphasis on the hypothalamic response to estrogen and ovarian events. Endocrinology, 98:468-475.
249. Robison GA, Butcher RW & Sutherland EW 1967. Adenyl cyclase as an adrenergic receptor. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 139:703-723.
250. Rozen F, Russo C, Banville D & Zingg HH 1995. Structure, characterization, and expression of the rat oxytocin receptor gene. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences U. S. A. 92:200-204.
251. Ruppert S, Scherer G & Schutz G 1984. Recent gene conversion involving bovine vasopressin and oxytocin precursor genes suggested by nucleotide sequence. Nature, 308:554-557.
252. Russel PT, Tabor MW & Alam A 1976. Placental prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity with normal, pre-eclamptic, and diabetic human pregnancies. 10th International Congress on Biochemistry, Munich, Germany,
253. Russell JA, Gosden RG, Humphreys EM, Cutting R, Fitzsimons N, Johnston V, Liddle S, Scott S & Stirland JA 1989. Interruption of parturition in rats by morphine: a result of inhibition of oxytocin secretion. Journal of Endocrinology, 121:521-536.
254. Russell JT, Brownstein MJ & Gainer H 1980. Biosynthesis of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysins: isolation and characterization of two common precursors (propressophysin and prooxyphysin). Endocrinology, 107:1880-1891.
255. Ruzycky AL & DeLoia JA 1997. Expression of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase subtypes in the pregnant rat myometrium. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 176:1077-1083.
256. 1 alpha in the pulmonary circulation. Prostaglandins, 10:101-108.
257. 2 alpha receptor. J. Lipid Mediat. Cell Signal. 12:405-411.
258. Sanyal MK 1978. Secretion of progesterone during gestation in the rat. Journal of Endocrinology, 79:179-190.
259. Sausville E, Carney D & Battey J 1985. The human vasopressin gene is linked to the oxytocin gene and is selectively expressed in a cultured lung cancer cell line. Journal of Biological Chemistry 260:10236-10241.
260. 2α output by human endometrium and endometrial epithelial cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 61:361-367.
261. 2α output by epithelial and stromal cells of human endometrium. Endocrinology, 120:1465-1471.
262. Scheid CR, Honeyman TW & Fay FS 1979. Mechanism of beta-adrenergic relaxation of smooth muscle. Nature, 277:32-36.
263. Schellenberg JC 1995. The effect of oxytocin receptor blockade on parturition in guinea pigs. Journal of Clinical Investigation 95:13-19.
264. 2 in explants of intrauterine tissues of guinea pigs during late pregnancy and labor. Prostaglandins, 54:625-638.
265. Sheldrick EL & Flick Smith HC 1993. Effect of ovarian hormones on oxytocin receptor concentrations in explants of uterus from ovariectomized ewes. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 97:241-245.
266. Sibley DR, Strasser RH, Caron MG & Iefkowitz RJ 1985. Homologous desensitization of adenylate cyclase is associated with phosphorylation of the beta-adrenergic receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 260:3883-3886.
267. 2α synthesis by early human decidua. Prostaglandins, 41:433-450.
268. Smith WL & DeWitt DL 1996. Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and -2. Advances in Immunology, 62:167-215.
269. Smith WL, Garavito RM & DeWitt DL 1996. Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (cyclooxygenases)-1 and -2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271:33157-33160.
270. Soares MJ & Talamantes F 1984. Pre-parturitional changes in serum prolactin, placental lactogen, growth hormone, progesterone, and corticosterone in the C3H/HeN mouse. Journal of Development and Physiology, 6:423-429.
271. Soares TJ et al. 1999. Atrial natriuretic peptide and oxytocin induce natriuresis by release of cGMP. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences U. S. A. 96:278-283.
272. Soloff MS, Alexandrova M & Fernstrom MJ 1979. Oxytocin receptors: triggers for parturition and lactation? Science, 204:1313-1315.
273. Soloff MS, Fernstrom MA & Fernstrom MJ 1989. Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors on plasma membranes from rat mammary gland. Demonstration of vasopressin receptors by stimulation of inositol phosphate formation, and oxytocin receptors by binding of a specific 1251-labeled oxytocin antagonist, d(CH2)5(1)[Tyr(Me)2, Thr4,Tyr-NH2(9)]OVT. Biochem. Cell Biol. 67:152-162.
274. Steer PJ 1990. The endocrinology of parturition in the human. Baillieres. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 4:333-349.
275. 2α in LH-induced luteolysis in pregnant rat. Journal of Endocrinology, 156:253-259.
276. Strasser RH, Sibley DR & Iefkowitz RJ 1986. A novel catecholamine-activated adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-phosphate independent pathway for beta-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation in wild-type and mutant S49 lymphoma cells: mechanism of homologous desensitization of adenylate cyclase. Biochemistry, 25:1371-1377.
277. Strauss JF, 3d, Sokoloski J, Caploe P, Duffy P, Mintz G & Stambaugh RL 1975. On the role of prostaglandins in parturition in the rat. Endocrinology, 96:1040-1043.
278. 2α receptor gene expression in mouse ovary. American Journal of Physiology 271:E686-93.
279. Sugimoto Y et al. 1997. Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor. Science, 277:681-683.
280. Suska-Brzezinska E, Fruhaufova I, Barth T & et al. 1972. Inactivation of deamino-carba analogues of oxytocin in the rat uterus, liver and kidney. Collection Czechoslov. Chem. Commun. 90:2793
281. Sutherland EW 1972. Studies on the mechanism of hormone action. Science, 177:401-408.
282. Suzuki A, Hashino M, Chiba H, Saito H, Notake Y, Yanaihara T & Nakayama T 1989. [Correlation between the levels of catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline) and adrenal steroids (DHA-S, cortisol) in maternal and fetal blood during pregnancy and labor]. Nippon. Naibunpi. Gakkai. Zasshi. 65:704-714.
283. 2 and oxytocin actions on pregnant mouse myometrium. Jpn. J. Physiol. 25:345-356.
284. Takahashi K, Diamond F, Bieniarz J, Yen H & Burd L 1980. Uterine contractility and oxytocin sensitivity in preterm, term, and postterm pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 136:774-779.
285. Thorburn GD & Challis JR 1979. Endocrine control of parturition. Physiological Revirews 59:863-918.
286. Tribollet E, Audigier S, Dubois Dauphin M & Dreifuss JJ 1990. Gonadal steroids regulate oxytocin receptors but not vasopressin receptors in the brain of male and female rats. An autoradiographical study. Brain Research, 511:129-140.
287. Tribollet E, Barberis C & Arsenijevic Y 1997. Distribution of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors in the rat spinal cord: Sex-related differences and effect of castration in pudendal motor nuclei. Neuroscience, 78:499-509.
288. Tribollet E, Charpak S, Schmidt A, Dubois Dauphin M & Dreifuss JJ 1989. Appearance and transient expression of oxytocin receptors in fetal, infant, and peripubertal rat brain studied by autoradiography and electrophysiology. J. Neuroscience, 9:1764-1773.
289. 2α in ovine corpora lutea. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 114:69-75.
290. Uenoyama Y, Hattori S, Miyake M & Okuda K 1997. Up-regulation of oxytocin receptors in porcine endometrium by adenosine 3′,5′ -monophosphate. Biology of Reproduction, 57:723-728.
291. Umscheid CA, Wu WX, Gordan P & Nathanielsz PW 1998. Up-regulation of oxytocin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein by estradiol in the cervix of ovariectomized rat. Biology of Reproduction, 59:1131-1138.
292. Uozumi N et al. 1997. Role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in allergic response and parturition. Nature, 390:618-622.
293. Vilhardt H, Atke A, Barthova J, Ubik K & Barth T 1997. Interaction of chymotrypsin with carbetocin ([1-deamino-1-monocarba-2-O-methyltyro-sine]-oxytocin). Pharmacol. Toxicol., 81:147-150.
294. Vivat V, Cohen Tannoudji J, Revelli JP, Muzzin P, Giacobino JP, Maltier JP & Legrand C 1992. Progesterone transcriptionally regulates the beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene in pregnant rat myometrium. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267:7975-7978.
295. von den Helden R 1913. Die Nierenwirkung von Hypophysenextracten beim Menschen. Klin. Wschr. 50:2083-2086.
296. von Mandach U, Huch R, Malinverni R & Huch A 1993. Ceftriaxone (single dose) versus cefoxitin (multiple doses): Success and failure of antibiotic prophylaxis in 1052 cesarean sections. J. Perinat. Med. 21:385-397.
297. Wang ZX, Liu Y, Young LJ & Insel TR 2000. Hypothalamic vasopressin gene expression increases in both males and females postpartum in a biparental rodent. J. Neuroendocrinology 12:111-120.
298. Wathes DC 1989. Oxytocin and vasopressin in the gonads. Oxf. Rev. Reprod. Biol. 11.
299. Wathes DC & Lamming GE 1995. The oxytocin receptor, luteolysis and the maintenance of pregnancy. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplementum, 49:53-67.
300. Wathes DC, Smith HF, Leung ST, Stevenson KR, Meier S & Jenkin G 1996. Oxytocin receptor development in ovine uterus and cervix throughout pregnancy and at parturition as determined by in situ hybridization analysis. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 106:23-31.
301. Weinheimer AJ & Spraggins RL 1969. The occurrence of two new prostaglandin derivatives (15-epi-PGA2 and its acetate, methyl ester) in the gorgonian Plexaura homomalla chemistry of coelenterates. XV. Tetrahedron Lett. 59:5185-5188.
302. Wilkins IA, Lynch L, Mehalek KE, Berkowitz GS & Berkowitz RL 1988. Efficacy and side effects of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine as tocolytic agents [see comments]. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 159:685-689.
303. Williams LT & Lefkowitz RJ 1977. Regulation of rabbit myometrial alpha adrenergic receptors by estrogen and progesterone. J. Clin. Invest. 60:815-818.
304. Word RA 1995. Myosin phosphorylation and the control of myometrial contraction/relaxation. Semin. Perinatol. 19:3-14.
305. 2α. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75:1027-1032.
306. Wu WX, Ma XH, Yoshizato T, Shinozuka N & Nathanielsz PW 1999. Differential expression of myometrial oxytocin receptor and prostaglandin H synthase 2, but not estrogen receptor alpha and heat shock protein 90 messenger ribonucleic acid in the gravid horn and nongravid horn in sheep during betamethasone-induced labor. Endocrinology, 140:5712-5718.
307. Yang ZM, Das SK, Wang J, Sugimoto Y, Ichikawa A & Dey SK 1997. Potential sites of prostaglandin actions in the periimplantation mouse uterus: differential expression and regulation of prostaglandin receptor genes. Biology of Reproduction, 56:368-379.
308. Yannone ME, McCurdy JR & Goldfien A 1968. Plasma progesterone levels in normal pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium. II. Clinical data. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 101:1058-1061.
309. Yasujima M, Matthews PG & Johnston CI 1984. Bradykinin receptors in rat uterine smooth muscle: studies using radiolabeled ligand binding. Tohoku. J. Exp. Med. 144:107-117.
310. Young FM, Illingworth PJ, Lunn SF, Harrison DJ & Fraser HM 1997. Cell death during luteal regression in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 111:109-119.
311. Young WS, Shepard E, Amico J, Hennighausen L, Wagner KU, LaMarca ME, McKinney C & Ginns EI 1996. Deficiency in mouse oxytocin prevents milk ejection, but not fertility or parturition. J. Neuroendocrinol. 8:847-853.