Community and phylogenetic structure of reproductive traits of woody species in wet tropical forests

Ecological Monographs

Volumn 73, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 331-348

  Chazdon, Robin L ^a   Careaga, Sonia ^b   Webb, Campbell ^c   Vargas, Orlando ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b Comn Nac Conocimiento Uso B ^*  (Mexico)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Reserva Ecologica Bijagual Sarapiqui   (Costa Rica)

Author keywords

Costa Rica; Forest regeneration; Logged forest; Old growth forest; Phylogenetic conservatism; Pollination; Reproductive traits; Second growth forest; Seed dispersal; Sexual systems; Wet tropical forest

Indexed keywords

LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; PHYLOGENY; POLLINATION; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SEED DISPERSAL; SUCCESSION; TROPICAL FOREST; WOODY PLANT;

COSTA RICA;

ANIMALIA; INSECTA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 0042466520     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/02-4037     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Ackerly, D. D. 1999. Comparative plant ecology and the role of phylogenetic information. Pages 391-413 in M. Press, J. D. Scholes, and M. G. Barker, editors. Physiological plant ecology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.
2. Ackerly, D. D. 2000. Taxon sampling, correlated evolution, and independent contrasts. Evolution 54:1480-1492.
3. Anderson, G. J., G. Bernardello, T. F. Stuessy, and D. J. Crawford. 2001. Breeding system and pollination of selected plants endemic to Juan Fernández Islands. American Journal of Botany 88:220-233.
4. APG. 1998. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85:531-553.
5. Baker, H. G. 1970. Evolution in the tropics. Biotropica 2:101-111.
6. Baker, H. G., K. S. Bawa, G. W. Frankie, and P. A. Opler. 1983. Reproductive biology of plants in tropical forests. Pages 183-215 in F. B. Golley, editor. Ecosystems of the world. Volume 14A. Tropical rain forest ecosystems: structure and function. Elsevier Scientific, New York, New York, USA.
7. Bawa, K. S. 1980. Evolution of dioecy in flowering plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:15-39.
8. Bawa, K. S. 1990. Plant-pollinator interactions in tropical rain forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21:399-422.
9. Bawa, K. S., and J. H. Beach. 1983. Self-incompatibility systems in the Rubiaceae of a tropical lowland wet forest. American Journal of Botany 70:1281-1288.
10. Bawa, K. S., S. H. Bullock, D. R. Perry, R. E. Coville, and H. M. Grayum. 1985a. Reproductive biology of tropical lowland rain forest trees. II. Pollination systems. American Journal of Botany 72:346-356.
11. Bawa, K. S., and P. A. Opler. 1975. Dioecism in tropical forest trees. Evolution 29:167-179.
12. Bawa, K. S., D. R. Perry, and J. H. Beach. 1985b. Reproductive biology of tropical lowland rain forest tress. I. Sexual systems and incompatibility mechanisms. American Journal of Botany 72:331-345.
13. Beach, J. H., and K. S. Bawa. 1980. Role of pollinators in the evolution of dioecy from distyly. Evolution 34:1138-1142.
14. Bullock, S. H. 1985. Breeding systems in the flora of a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico. Biotropica 17:287-301.
15. Bullock, S. H. 1994. Wind pollination of Neotropical dioecious trees. Biotropica 26:172-179.
16. Butterfield, R. P. 1994. The regional context: land colonization and conservation in Sarapiquí. Pages 299-306 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenheide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
17. Charlesworth, D. 1993. Why are unisexual flowers associated with wind pollination and unspecialized pollinators? American Naturalist 141:481-490.
18. Chazdon, R. L., and F. G. Coe. 1999. Ethnobotany of woody species in second-growth, old-growth, and selectively logged forests of northeastern Costa Rica. Conservation Biology 13:1312-1322.
19. Chazdon, R. L., R. K. Colwell, J. S. Denslow, and M. R. Guariguata. 1998. Statistical methods for estimating species richness of woody regeneration in primary and secondary rain forests of Costa Rica. Pages 285-309 in F. Dallmeier and J. Comiskey, editors. Forest biodiversity research, monitoring and modeling: conceptual background and Old World case studies. Parthenon Publishing, Paris, France.
20. Colwell, R. K. 1996. Biota: the biodiversity database manager. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
21. Corlett, R. T. 2001. Pollination in a degraded tropical landscape: a Hong Kong case study. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17:155-161.
22. Corner, E. J. H. 1949. The durian theory of the origin of the modern tree. Annals of Botany N. S. 13:367-414.
23. Donoghue, M. J. 1989. Phylogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences, with examples from seed plants. Evolution 43:1137-1156.
24. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist 125:1-15.
25. Finegan, B., and M. Camacho. 1999. Stand dynamics in a logged and silviculturally treated Costa Rican rain forest, 1988-1996. Forest Ecology and Management 121:177-189.
26. Finegan, B., and D. Delgado. 2000. Structural and floristic heterogeneity in a 30-yr-old Costa Rican rain forest restored on pasture through natural secondary succession. Restoration Ecology 8:380-393.
27. Flores, S., and D. W. Schemske. 1984. Dioecy and monoecy in the flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Biotropica 16:132-139.
28. Fox, J. F. 1985. Incidence of dioecy in relation to growth form, pollination and dispersal. Oecologia 67:244-249.
29. Frankie, G. W., H. B. Baker, and P. A. Opler. 1974. Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 62:881-919.
30. Gentry, A. H. 1982. Patterns of Neotropical plant species diversity. Evolutionary Biology 15:1-84.
31. Gentry, A. H. 1990. Floristic similarities and differences between southern Central America and upper and central Amazonia. Pages 141-157 in A. H. Gentry, editor. Four Neotropical rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
32. Gillespie, T. W. 1999. Life history characteristics and rarity of woody plants in tropical dry forest fragments of Central America. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15:637-649.
33. Givnish, T. J. 1980. Ecological constraints on the evolution of breeding systems in seed plants: dioecy and dispersal in gymnosperms. Evolution 34:959-972.
34. Gorchov, D. L., F. Cornejo, C. Ascorra, and M. Jaramillo. 1993. The role of seed dispersal in the natural regeneration of rain forest after strip-cutting in the Peruvian Amazon. Vegetatio 107/108:339-349.
35. Grafen, A. 1989. The phylogenetic regression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 326:119-157.
36. Guariguata, M. R., R. L. Chazdon, J. S. Denslow, J. M. Dupuy, and L. Anderson. 1997. Structure and floristics of secondary and old-growth forest stands in lowland Costa Rica. Plant Ecology 132:107-120.
37. Guariguata, M. R., and J. M. Dupuy. 1997. Forest regeneration in abandoned logging roads in lowland Costa Rica. Biotropica 29:15-28.
38. Guariguata, M. R., and R. Ostertag. 2001. Neotropical secondary forest succession: changes in structural and functional characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management 148:185-206.
39. Hammond, D. S., and V. K. Brown. 1995. Seed size of woody plants in relation to disturbance, dispersal, soil type in wet neotropical forests. Ecology 76:2544-2561.
40. Hartshorn, G. S., and B. E. Hammel. 1994. Vegetation types and floristic patterns. Pages 73-89 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenheide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
41. Harvey, P. H., and M. Pagel. 1991. The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
42. Heilbuth, J. C., K. L. Ilves, and S. P. Otto. 2001. The consequences of dioecy for seed dispersal: modeling the seed-shadow handicap. Evolution 55:880-888.
43. Hodgson, J. G., and J. M. L. Mackey. 1986. The ecological specialization of dicotyledonous families within a local flora: some factors constraining optimization of seed size and their possible evolutionary significance. New Phytologist 104:497-515.
44. Holdridge, L. R., W. G. Grenke, W. H. Haheway, T. Liang, and J. Tosi. 1975. Forest environments in tropical life zones. Pergamon Press, New York, New York, USA.
45. Howe, H. F., and J. Smallwood. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:201-228.
46. Ibarra-Manríquez, G., M. Martínez-Ramos, and K. Oyama. 2001. Seedling functional types in a lowland rain forest in Mexico. American Journal of Botany 88:1801-1812.
47. Ibarra-Manríquez, G., and K. Oyama. 1992. Ecological correlates of reproductive traits of Mexican rain forest trees. American Journal of Botany 79:383-394.
48. Jones, E. W. 1955. Ecological studies on the rain forest of Southern Nigeria. IV. The plateau forest of the Okomu Forest Reserve. Journal of Ecology 43:564-594.
49. Kato, M. 1996. Plant-pollinator interactions in the understory of a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Sarawak. American Journal of Botany 86:732-743.
50. Kelly, C. K., and A. Purvis. 1993. Seed size and establishment conditions in tropical trees: on the use of taxonomic relatedness in determining ecological patterns. Oecologia 94:356-360.
51. Kress, W. J., and J. H. Beach. 1994. Flowering plant reproductive systems. Pages 161-182 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenheide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
52. Leishman, M. R., and M. Westoby. 1994. The role of large seed size in shaded conditions: experimental evidence. Functional Ecology 8:205-214.
53. Lieberman, M., and D. Lieberman. 1994. Patterns of density and dispersion of forest trees. Pages 106-119 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenheide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
54. Lord, J., M. Westoby, and M. R. Leishman. 1995. Seed size and phylogeny in six temperate floras: constraints, niche conservatism and adaptation. American Naturalist 146:349-364.
55. Maddison, D. R., and W. P. Maddison. 2000. MacClade 4.0. Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
56. Maddison, W. P. 1990. A method for testing the correlated evolution of two binary characters: are gains or losses concentrated on certain branches of a phylogenetic tree? Evolution 44:539-537.
57. Maddison, W. P., and M. Slatkin. 1991. Null models for the number of evolutionary steps in a character on a phylogenetic tree. Evolution 45:1184-1197.
58. Mazer, S. J. 1989. Ecological, taxonomic, and life history correlates of seed mass among Indiana dune angiosperms. Ecological Monographs 59:153-175.
59. McDade, L., K. S. Bawa, H. Hespenheide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. 1994. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a Neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
60. Meave, J., and M. Kellman. 1994. Maintenance of rain forest diversity in riparian forests of tropical savannas: implications for species conservation during Pleistocene drought. Journal of Biogeography 21:121-135.
61. Metcalfe, D. J., and P. J. Grubb. 1995. Seed mass and light requirements for regeneration in Southeast Asian rain forest. Canadian Journal of Botany 73:817-826.
62. Momose, K., T. Yumoto, T. Nagamitsu, M. Kato, H. Nagamasu, S. Sakai, R. D. Harrison, T. Itioka, A. A. Hamid, and T. Inoue. 1998. Pollination biology in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. I. Characteristics of the plant-pollinator community in a lowland dipterocarp forest. American Journal of Botany 85:1477-1501.
63. Montgomery, R. A., and R. L. Chazdon. 2001. Forest structure, canopy architecture and light transmittance in tropical wet forests. Ecology 82:2707-2718.
64. Muenchow, G. E. 1987. Is dioecy associated with fleshy fruit? American Journal of Botany 74:287-293.
65. Nicotra, A. B., R. L. Chazdon, and S. Iriarte. 1999. Spatial heterogeneity of light and woody seedling regeneration in tropical wet forests. Ecology 80:1908-1926.
66. Opler, P. A., H. G. Baker, and G. W. Frankie. 1977. Recovery of tropical lowland forest ecosystems. Pages 399-421 in J. Cairns, K. L. Dickson, and E. E. Herricks, editors. Recovery and restoration of damaged ecosystems. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
67. Opler, P. A., H. G. Baker, and G. W. Frankie. 1980a. Plant reproductive characteristics during secondary succession in Neotropical lowland forest ecosystems. Biotropica 12(Supplement):40-46.
68. Opler, P. A., G. W. Frankie, and H. G. Baker. 1980b. Comparative phenological studies of shrubs and treelets in wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 68:167-186.
69. Paz, H., S. J. Mazer, and M. Martínez-Ramos. 1999. Seed mass, seedling emergence and environmental factors in seven rain forest Psychotria (Rubiaceae). Ecology 80:1594-1606.
70. Pierce, S. M. 1992. La Selva Biological Station history: colonization/land use/deforestation of Sarapiqui, Costa Rica. Thesis. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
71. Pitman, N. C. A., J. W. Terborgh, M. R. Silman, and P. Núñez. 1999. Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian forest. Ecology 80:2651-2661.
72. Pitman, N. C. A., J. W. Terborgh, M. R. Silman, P. Núñez V., D. A. Neill, C. E. Cerón, W. A. Palacios, and M. Aulestia. 2001. Dominance and distribution of tree species in upper Amazonian terra firma forests. Ecology 82:2101-2117.
73. Prach, K., and P. Pysek. 1999. How do species dominating in succession differ from others? Journal of Vegetation Science 10:383-392.
74. R Project. 2001. The R project for statistical computing. [Online, URL: 〈http://www.r-project.org〉
75. Renner, S. S., and J. P. Feil. 1993. Pollinators of tropical dioecious angiosperms. American Journal of Botany 80:1100-1107.
76. Renner, S. S., and R. E. Ricklefs. 1995. Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants. American Journal of Botany 82:596-606.
77. Sakai, A. K., W. L. Wagner, D. M. Ferguson, and D. R. Herbst. 1995. Biogeographical and ecological correlates of dioecy in the Hawaiian flora. Ecology 76:2530-2543.
78. Sanderson, M. J., A. Purvis, and C. Henze. 1998. Phylogenetic supertrees: assembling the trees of life. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:105-109.
79. Silvertown, J., and M. Dodd. 1997. Comparing plants and connecting traits. Pages 3-16 in J. Silvertown, M. Franco, and J. L. Harper, editors. Plant life histories: ecology, phylogeny and evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambride, UK.
80. Slocum, M. G., and C. C. Horvitz. 2000. Seed arrival under different genera of trees in a neotropical pasture. Plant Ecology 149:51-62.
81. Soltis, D. E., et al. 2000. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL, and atpB sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133:381-461.
82. Terborgh, J. 1986. Community aspects of frugivory in tropical forests. Pages 371-384 in A. Estrada and T. H. Fleming, editors. Frugivores and seed dispersal. W. Junk, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
83. ter Steege, H., and D. S. Hammond. 2001. Character convergence, diversity, and disturbance in tropical rain forest in Guyana. Ecology 82:3197-3212 [Ecological Archives E082-037].
84. Van Dulmen, A. 2001. Pollination and phenology of flowers in the canopy of two contrasting rain forest types in Amazonia, Colombia. Plant Ecology 153:73-85.
85. Wadsworth, F. H. 1997. Forest production for tropical America. USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 710. USDA, Washington, D.C., USA.
86. Webb, C. O., D. D. Ackerly, M. A. McPeek, and M. J. Donoghue. 2002. Phylogenies and community ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:475-505.
87. Webb, C. O., and M. J. Donoghue. 2002. Phylomatic: a database for applied phylogenetics. [Online, URL: 〈http://www.phylodiversity.net/phylomatic〉.]
88. Weiblen, G. D., R. K. Oyama, and M. J. Donoghue. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of dioecy in monocotyledons. American Naturalist 155:46-58.
89. Weller, S. G., and A. K. Sakai. 1999. Using phylogenetic approaches for the analysis of plant breeding system evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30:167-199.
90. Westoby, M., M. Leishman, and J. Lord. 1997. Comparative ecology of seed size and dispersal. Pages 143-162 in J. Silvertown, M. Franco, and J. L. Harper, editors. Plant life histories: ecology, phylogeny and evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
91. Williamson, G. B., and F. Costa. 2000. Dispersal of Amazonian trees: hydrochory in Pentaclethra macroloba. Biotropica 32:548-552.
92. Wunderle, J. M., Jr. 1997. The role of animal seed dispersal in accelerating native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands. Forest Ecology and Management 99:223-235.
93. Zapata, T. R., and M. T. K. Arroyo. 1978. Plant reproductive ecology of a secondary deciduous tropical forest in Venezuela. Biotropica 10:221-230.