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Volumn 125, Issue 36, 2003, Pages 10997-11005

Analysis and interpretation of metal-radical coupling in a series of square planar nickel complexes: Correlated Ab initio and density functional investigation of [Ni(lISQ)2] (L ISQ=3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-diiminobenzosemiquinonate(1-))

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ORBITAL STRUCTURES;

EID: 0042233761     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja030124m     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (303)

References (112)
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    • Note that orbital energy differences are more meaningful in DFT calculations that do not incorporate the Hartree-Fock exchange compared to those calculated with hybrid functionals or the Hartree-Fock method. In HF calculations the virtual orbitals 'see' and N electron system instead of a N-1 electron system as it should be (Szabo, A.; Ostlund, N. S, Modern Theoretical Chemistry; MacMillan Pub. Inc.: New York, 1982). Therefore, all of these orbitals are too high in energy and are too diffuse. To the extent that HF exchange is incorporated into hybrid DFF this shortcoming is "inherited" from HF in these functionals. There are no observables that can be meaningfully related to the orbital energy differences in either case. By contrast, for "pure" functionals the virtual orbitals are appropriate and the orbital energy differences are well-defined zero-order approximations for excitation energies (Petersilka, M.; Gossmann, U. J.; Gross, E. K. U. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 1212; Petersilka, M.; Gross, E. K. U. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1996, 30, 181; Görling, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 54, 3912).
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    • Note that orbital energy differences are more meaningful in DFT calculations that do not incorporate the Hartree-Fock exchange compared to those calculated with hybrid functionals or the Hartree-Fock method. In HF calculations the virtual orbitals 'see' and N electron system instead of a N-1 electron system as it should be (Szabo, A.; Ostlund, N. S, Modern Theoretical Chemistry; MacMillan Pub. Inc.: New York, 1982). Therefore, all of these orbitals are too high in energy and are too diffuse. To the extent that HF exchange is incorporated into hybrid DFF this shortcoming is "inherited" from HF in these functionals. There are no observables that can be meaningfully related to the orbital energy differences in either case. By contrast, for "pure" functionals the virtual orbitals are appropriate and the orbital energy differences are well-defined zero-order approximations for excitation energies (Petersilka, M.; Gossmann, U. J.; Gross, E. K. U. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 1212; Petersilka, M.; Gross, E. K. U. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1996, 30, 181; Görling, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 54, 3912).
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    • Note that orbital energy differences are more meaningful in DFT calculations that do not incorporate the Hartree-Fock exchange compared to those calculated with hybrid functionals or the Hartree-Fock method. In HF calculations the virtual orbitals 'see' and N electron system instead of a N-1 electron system as it should be (Szabo, A.; Ostlund, N. S, Modern Theoretical Chemistry; MacMillan Pub. Inc.: New York, 1982). Therefore, all of these orbitals are too high in energy and are too diffuse. To the extent that HF exchange is incorporated into hybrid DFF this shortcoming is "inherited" from HF in these functionals. There are no observables that can be meaningfully related to the orbital energy differences in either case. By contrast, for "pure" functionals the virtual orbitals are appropriate and the orbital energy differences are well-defined zero-order approximations for excitation energies (Petersilka, M.; Gossmann, U. J.; Gross, E. K. U. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 1212; Petersilka, M.; Gross, E. K. U. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1996, 30, 181; Görling, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 54, 3912).
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    • Note that orbital energy differences are more meaningful in DFT calculations that do not incorporate the Hartree-Fock exchange compared to those calculated with hybrid functionals or the Hartree-Fock method. In HF calculations the virtual orbitals 'see' and N electron system instead of a N-1 electron system as it should be (Szabo, A.; Ostlund, N. S, Modern Theoretical Chemistry; MacMillan Pub. Inc.: New York, 1982). Therefore, all of these orbitals are too high in energy and are too diffuse. To the extent that HF exchange is incorporated into hybrid DFF this shortcoming is "inherited" from HF in these functionals. There are no observables that can be meaningfully related to the orbital energy differences in either case. By contrast, for "pure" functionals the virtual orbitals are appropriate and the orbital energy differences are well-defined zero-order approximations for excitation energies (Petersilka, M.; Gossmann, U. J.; Gross, E. K. U. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 1212; Petersilka, M.; Gross, E. K. U. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1996, 30, 181; Görling, A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 54, 3912).
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    • The additional absorption bands seen in the experimental spectrum are assigned to d-d transitions of the central low-spin Ni(II) ion. Although we have undertaken some preliminary ab initio calculations of the complete spectrum, it became evident that the electronic structure of the additional excited states is exceedingly complex. This is due to complicated spin-coupling situations in the d-d-excited states, The central Ni(II) has a closed shell configuration in the ground state but has two unpaired electrons in d-d singly excited states. These two electrons can either couple to a singlet or a triplet. In addition, the two unpaired electrons on the ligand can also be coupled to give singlets and triplets. In the case where both, the central Ni(II) and the ligand-diradical exist in triplet states these can couple to give an overall singlet excited state. In keeping with Gouterman's nomenclature, these transitions may be characterized as trip-singlets (Cory, M. G.; Zerner, M. C. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 813). Although these excited states are not expected to have intensity on their own they can readily mix with the intense LLCT band to gain some intensity and since the intensities of the additional transitions are decreasing with increasing energetic separation from the LLCT band it is reasonable to expected this to be one of the main intensity mechanisms.
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    • note
    • max is the extinction coefficient of the unknown species at the band maximum.


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