The quantum Hall effect as an electrical resistance standard

Measurement Science and Technology

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 1229-1236

  Jeckelmann, B ^a   Jeanneret, B ^a  

^a Swiss Federal Office of Metrology   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

International system of units; Quantum Hall effect; Quantum standards; Resistance; Resistance bridges

Indexed keywords

HALL EFFECT; QUANTUM THEORY; STANDARDS; UNITS OF MEASUREMENT;

QUANTUM HALL EFFECT (QHE);

ELECTRIC RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT;

ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE; STANDARD;

EID: 0041739028     PISSN: 09570233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/14/8/306     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Landwehr G 1986 The discovery of the quantum Hall effect Metrologia 22 118-27
2. Fowler A B, Fang F F, Howard W E and Stiles P J 1966 Magneto-oscillatory conductance in silicon surfaces Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 901-3
3. Kawaji S, Igarashi T and Wakabayashi J 1975 Quantum galvanometric effect in n-channel silicon inversion layers under strong magnetic fields Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 57 176-86
4. xx minima in surface quantum oscillation on (100) n-type silicon inversion layers Surf. Sci. 73 70-80
5. von Klitzing K, Dorda G and Pepper M 1980 New method for high-accuracy determination of the fine structure constant based on quantized Hall resistance Phys. Rev. Lett. 45 494-7
6. von Klitzing K 1986 The quantized Hall effect Rev. Mod. Phys. 58 519-31
7. Jeckelmann B and Jeanneret B 2001 The quantum Hall effect as an electrical resistance standard Rep. Prog. Phys. 64 1603-55
8. Cage M 1990 Experimental aspects and metrological applications The Quantum Hall Effect 2nd edn (New York: Springer) pp 37-67
9. Hartland A 1992 The quantum Hall effect and resistance standards Metrologia 29 175-90
10. Witt T J 1998 Electrical resistance standards and the quantum Hall effect Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 2823-43
11. Prange R E and Girvin S M (ed) 1990 The Quantum Hall Effect 2nd edn (New York: Springer)
12. Kamimura H and Aoki H 1989 The Physics of Interacting Electrons in Disordered Systems (New York: Oxford University Press)
13. Janssen M, Viehweger O, Fastenrath U and Hajdu J 1994 Introduction to the Theory of the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (Weinheim: VCH)
14. Chakraborty T and Pietilainen P 1995 The Quantum Hall Effect vol 85 (New York: Springer)
15. Ando T, Fowler A B and Stern F 1982 Electronic properties of two-dimensional systems Rev. Mod. Phys. 54 437-672
16. Aoki H 1987 Quantized Hall effect Rep. Prog. Phys. 50 655-730
17. Yennie D R 1987 Integral quantum Hall effect for nonspecialists Rev. Mod. Phys. 59 781-824
18. Kawaji S 1994 Quantum transport in semiconductors surface and interface channels Surf. Sci. 299/300 563-86
19. Huckestein B 1995 Scaling theory of the integer quantum Hall effect Rev. Mod. Phys. 67 357-96
20. Landauer R 1970 Electrical resistance of disordered one-dimensional lattices Phil. Mag. 21 863-67
21. Büttiker M 1988 Absence of backscattering in the quantum Hall effect in multiprobe conductors Phys. Rev. B 38 9375-89
22. Haug R J 1993 Edge state transport and its experimental consequences in high magnetic fields Semicond. Sci. Technol. 8 131-53
23. Hamilton C A, Burroughs C J and Chieh K 1990 Operation of NIST Josephson array voltage standard J. Res. Natl Inst. Stand. Technol. 95 219-35
24. Endo T, Murayama Y, Koyanagi M, Kinoshita J, Inagaki K, Yamanouchi C and Yoshihiro K 1985 Measurement system for quantum Hall effect utilizing a Josephson potentiometer IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 34 323-7
25. Warnecke P, Niemeyer J, Dünschede F W, Grimm L, Weimann G and Schlapp W 1987 High-precision resistance ratio measurements by means of a novel Josephson potentiometer IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 36 249-51
26. Kusters N L, Moore W J M and Miljanic P N 1964 A current comparator for precision measurements of de ratios IEEE Trans. Commun. Electron. 83 22-7
27. MacMartin M P and Kusters N L 1966 A direct-current comparator ratio bridge for four-terminal resistance measurements IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 15 212-20
28. Harvey I K 1972 Precise low temperature de ratio transformer Rev. Sci. Instrum. 43 1626-9
29. Sullivan D B and Dziuba R F 1974 Low temperature direct current comparators Rev. Sci. Instrum. 45 517-19
30. Williams J M and Hartland A 1991 An automated cryogenic current comparator resistance ratio bridge IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 40 267-70
31. Delahaye F and Bournaud D 1991 Low-noise measurements of the quantized Hall resistance using an improved cryogenic current comparator bridge IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 40 237-40
32. Dziuba R F and Elmquist R E 1993 Improvements in resistance scaling at NIST using cryogenic current comparators IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 42 126-30
33. Jeckelmann B, Fasel W and Jeanneret B 1995 Improvements in the realisation of the quantized Hall resistance standard at OFMET IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44 265-8
34. Delahaye F and Dominguez D 1987 Precision comparison of quantized Hall resistance IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 36 226-9
35. Hartland A, Jones K, Williams J M, Gallagher B L and Galloway T 1991 Direct comparison of the quantized Hall resistance in gallium arsenide and silicon Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 969-73
36. Kawaji S, Nagashima N, Kikuchi N, Wakabayashi J, Ricketts B W, Yoshihiro K, Kinoshita J, Inagaki K and Yamanouchi C 1989 Quantized Hall resistance measurements IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 38 270-5
37. van Degrift C T, Yoshihiro K, Cage M E, Yu D, Segawa K, Kinoshita J and Endo T 1992 Anomalously offset quantized Hall plateaus in high-mobility Si-MOSFETs Surf. Sci. 263 116-19
38. Yoshihiro K, van Degrift C T, Cage M E and Yu D 1992 Anomalous behavior of a quantized Hall plateau in a high-mobility Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor Phys. Rev. B 45 14204-14
39. Heinonen O and Johnson M D 1994 Failure of the integer quantum Hall effect without dissipation Phys. Rev. B 49 11230-7
40. Jeckelmann B, Jeanneret B and Inglis D 1997 High precision measurements of the quantized Hall resistance: experimental conditions for university Phys. Rev. B 55 13124-34
41. MacDonald A H and Středa P 1984 Quantized Hall effect and edge currents Phys. Rev. B 29 1616-19
42. Shapiro B 1986 Finite-size corrections in the quantum Hall effect J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 19 4709-21
43. Brenig W and Wysokinski W 1986 Scattering approach to the von Klitzing effect Z. Phys. B 63 149-54
44. Johnston R and Schweitzer L 1988 An alternative model for the integral quantum Hall effect Z. Phys. B 72 217-24
45. Jeanneret B, Jeckelmann B, Bühlmann H J, Houdré R and Ilegens M 1995 Influence of the device width on the accuracy of quantization in the integer quantum Hall effect IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44 254-7
46. Thompson A M and Lampard D G 1956 Nature 177 88
47. Jeffery A M, Elmquist R E, Lee L H, Shields J Q and Dziuba R F 1997 NIST comparison of the quantized Hall resistance and the realization of the SI ohm through the calculable capacitor IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46 264-8
48. Small G W, Rickets B W, Coogan P C, Pritchard B J and Sovierzoski M M R 1997 A new determination of the quantized Hall resistance in terms of the NML calculable cross capacitor Metrologia 34 241-3
49. Hartland A, Jones R G, Kibble B P and Legg D J 1987 The relationship between the SI ohm, the ohm at NPL and the quantized Hall resistance IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 36 208-13
50. Mohr P J and Taylor B N 2000 CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 351-495
51. Kinoshita T 1996 The fine structure constant Rep. Prog. Phys. 59 1459-92
52. Taylor B N and Witt T J 1989 New international electrical reference standards based on the Josephson and quantum Hall effects Metrologia 26 47-62
53. Delahaye F 1989 Technical guidelines for reliable measurements of the quantized Hall resistance Metrologia 26 63-8
54. Delahaye F, Witt T J, Jeckelmann B and Jeanneret B 1996 Comparison of quantum Hall effect resistance standards of the OFMET and the BIPM Metrologia 32 385-8