The use and abuse of steroids in perinatal medicine

Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 324-334

  Rajadurai, V S ^a   Tan, K H ^a  

^a KK WOMEN'S AND CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Betamethasone; Chronic lung disease; Corticosteroids; Developmental outcome, Dexamethasone; Hypotension; Inhaled steroids

Indexed keywords

BETAMETHASONE; CORTICOSTEROID; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROCORTISONE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; STEROID;

BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE; COCHRANE LIBRARY; CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; FOLLOW UP; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GLUCOSURIA; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPOTENSION; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS SYSTEM; INFECTION; INTESTINE PERFORATION; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; LARYNX EDEMA; LUNG DISEASE; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEWBORN; NEWBORN MORTALITY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PERINATAL CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRENATAL CARE; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; STEROID THERAPY; SURVIVAL;

EID: 0041517682     PISSN: 03044602     EISSN: 29724066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Imaizumi Y. A comparative study of twinning and triplet rates in 17 countries, 1972-1996. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1998; 47:101-14.
2. Rennie J M, Wheater M, Cole T J. Antenatal steroid administration is associated with an improved chance of intact survival in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr 1996; 155:576-9.
3. Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 273. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99:871-3.
4. Management of Preterm Labour. Ministry of Health, Singapore 2001. MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 3/2001.
5. Liggins G, Howie R. A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Pediatrics 1972; 50:515-25.
6. Crowley P, Chalmers I, Keirse M J N C. The effects of corticosteroid administration before preterm delivery: an overview of the evidence from controlled trials. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 97:11-25.
7. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. On the effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. JAMA 1995; 273:413-8.
8. Crowley P. Database: Prophylactic corticosteroids for pre-term delivery. In: Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane Library. Issue 3. Oxford: Update Software, 1999.
9. Hack M, Fanaroff A A. Outcomes of children of extremely low birthweight and gestational age in the 1990s. Early Hum Dev 1999; 53:193-218.
10. Baud O, Foix-L'Helias L, Kaminski M, Audibest F, Jarreau P H, Papiernik E, et al. Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment and cystic periventricular leukomalacia in very preterm infants. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1190-6.
11. MacArthur B A, Howie R N, Dezoete J A, Elkins J. School progress and cognitive development of 6 year old children whose mothers were treated antenatally with betamethasone. Pediatrics 1982; 70:99-105.
12. Smolders-de Haas H, Neuvel J, Schmand B, Treffers P E, Koppe J G, Hoeks J. Physical development and medical history of children who were treated antenatally with corticosteroids to prevent respiratory distress syndrome: a 10 to 12 year follow-up. Pediatrics 1990; 85:65-70.
13. Collaborative Group on Antenatal Steroids Therapy. Effects of antenatal dexamethasone administration in the infant: Long-term follow-up. J Pediatr 1984; 104:259-67.
14. Dessems A B, Haas H S, Koppe J G. Twenty-year follow-up of antenatal corticosteroid treatment. Pediatrics 2000; 105:E77.
15. O'Shea T M, Doyle L W. Perinatal glucocorticoid therapy and neurodevelopmental outcome: An epidemiologic perspective. Semin Neonatol 2001; 6:293-307.
16. Doyle L W, Ford G W, Richards A L, Kelly E A, Davis N M, Callanan C, et al. Antenatal corticosteroids and outcome at 14 years of age in children with birthweight less than 1501 grams. Pediatrics 2000; 106:E2.
17. Collaborative Group on Antenatal Steroid Therapy: Effect of antenatal dexamethasone administration on the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1981; 141:276.
18. Planer B, Ballard R, Ballard P, Coburn C, Boardman C, Cnaan A. Antenatal corticosteroid use in preterm labour in the USA [abstract]. Pediatr Res 1996; 39:110A.
19. Wing D, Paul R, Millar L. Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:806-11.
20. Quinlivan J A, Evans S F, Dunlop S A, Beazley L D, Newnham J. Use of corticosteroids by Australian obstetricians - a survey of clinical practice. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 38:1-7.
21. Brocklehurst P, Gates S, McKenzie-McHarg K, Alfirevic Z, Chamberlain G. Are we prescribing multiple courses of antenatal steroids? A survey of practice in the UK. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 106:977-9.
22. Guinn D A, Atkinson M W, Sullivan L, Lee M, MacGregor S, Parilla B V, et al. Single vs weekly courses of antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm delivery: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 286:1581-7.
23. Papageorgiou A N, Desgranges M F, Colle E, Shatz R, Gelfand M M. The antenatal use of betamethasone in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome: a controlled double-blind study. Pediatrics 1979; 63:73-9.
24. Elimian A, Verma U, Visintainer P, Tejani N. Effectiveness of multidose antenatal steroids. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95:34-6.
25. Pratt L, Waschbush Ladd W, Gangnon R, Hendricks S K. Multiple vs. single betamethasone therapy: neonatal and maternal side effects. J Reprod Med 1999; 44:257-64.
26. French N, Hagan R, Evans S F, Godfrey M, Newnham J P. Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: Size at birth and subsequent development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180:114-21.
27. Rotmensch S, Vishne T H, Reece E A, Linder N, Celentano C, Glezerman M, et al. Long-term outcomes of infants exposed to multiple courses of betamethasone in-utero. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180:324A.
28. Ikegami M, Jobe A H, Newnham J, Polk D H, Willet K E, Sly P. Repetitive prenatal glucocorticoids improve lung function and decrease growth in preterm lambs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 176:65A.
29. Newnham J P, Jobe A H, Polk D, Sly P, Willet K E. The effect of repeated doses of corticosteroids on fetal growth and postnatal lung function in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176:65A.
30. Wayne C, Holden D. Antenatal steroids - focus on the practice of recurrent dosing. Curr Med Lit Gynaecol Obstet 2001; 7:29-35
31. Banks B, Cnaan A, Morgan M, Parer J, Merrill J, Ballard P, et al and the North American Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Study Group. Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids and outcomes of premature neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181:709-17.
32. Abbasi S, Hirsch D, Davis J, Tolosa J, Stouffer N, Debbs R, et al. Effect of single versus multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal and neonatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:1243-9.
33. Banks B A, Macones G, Cnaan A, Merrill J D, Ballard P L, Ballard R A and the North American TRH Study Group. Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids are associated with early severe lung disease in preterm neonates. J Perinatol 2002; 22:101-7
34. Stewart J D, Sienko A E, Gonzalez C L, Christensen H D, Rayburn W F. Placebo-controlled comparison between a single dose and a multidose of betamethasone in accelerating lung maturation of mice offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179:1241-7.
35. Huang W L, Beazley L D, Quinlivan J A, Evans S F, Newnham J P, Dunlop S A. Effect of corticosteroids on brain growth in fetal sheep. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 94:213-8.
36. Gumbinas M, Oda M, Huttenlocher P. The effects of corticosteroids on myelination of the developing rat brain. Biol Neonate 1973; 22:355-66.
37. Uno H, Lohmiller L, Thieme C, Kemnitz J W, Engle M J, Roecher E B, et al. Brain damage induced by prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in fetal rhesus macaques. 1. Hippocampus. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1990; 153:157-67.
38. Dunlop S A, Archer M A, Quinlivan J A, Beazley L D, Newnham J P. Repeated prenatal corticosteroids delay myelination in the ovine central nervous system. J Matern Fetal Med 1997; 6:309-13.
39. Bradley B S, Kumar S P, Mehta P N, Ezhuthachan S G. Neonatal cushingoid syndrome resulting from serial courses of antenatal betamethasone. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 83:869-72.
40. Benediktsson R, Lindsay R S, Noble J, Secki R J, Edwards C R W. Glucocorticoid exposure in utero: new model for adult hypertension. Lancet 1993; 341:339-41.
41. Tabor B L, Rider E D, Ikegami M, Jobe A H, Lewis J F. Dose effects of antenatal corticosteroids for induction of lung maturation in preterm rabbits. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164:675-81.
42. Levitt N S, Lindsay R S, Homes M C, Seckl J R. Dexamethasone in the last week of pregnancy attenuates hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and elevates blood pressure in the adult offspring in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1996; 64:412-8.
43. Dean F, Yu C, Matthews S G. Maternal glucocorticoid treatment in late gestation programs hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function in guinea pig offspring. Proceedings of the 81st Endocrine Soc. Mtg; 1999 June; San Diego. place of publication: publisher?, year?
44. Aghajafari F, Murphy K, Willan A, Ohlsson A, Amankwah K, Matthews S, et al. Multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:1073-80.
45. Ritzen E M. Prenatal dexamethasone treatment of fetuses at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: benefits and concerns. Semin Neonatol 2001; 6:357-62.
46. Barker D J P. Origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ 1995; 311:171-4.
47. O'Regan D, Welberg L A M, Holmes M C, Seckl J R. Glucocorticoid programming of pituitary - adrenal function: mechanisms and physiological consequences. Semin Neonatol 2001; 6:319-29.
48. Bull D, Wakeley A, Sola A. Current use of steroids in newborns with lung disease: results of a national survey [abstract]. Clin Res 1993; 41:89A.
49. Vohr B R, Wright L L, Poole K. Effects of site differences at 12 participating NICHD centers on 18 month outcomes of extremely low birthweight (ELBW)<1000gm infants-The NICHD Neonatal Research Study [abstract]. Pediatr Res 1999; 45:258A.
50. Finer N N, Craft A, Vaucher Y E, Clark R H, Sola A. Postnatal steroids: Short-term gain, long-term pain? J Pediatr 2000; 137:9-13.
51. Cole C H, Fiascone J M. Strategies for prevention of neonatal chronic lung disease. Semin Perinatol 2000; 24:445-62.
52. Ng P C. The effectiveness and side effects of dexamethasone in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68:330-6.
53. Mammel M C, Green T P, Johnson D E, Thompson T R. Controlled trial of dexamethasone therapy in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Lancet 1983; i:1356-8.
54. Avery G B, Fletcher A B, Kaplan M, Brundno D S. Controlled trial of dexamethasone in respirator-dependent infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics 1985; 75:106-11.
55. Collaborative Dexamethasone Trial Group. Dexamethasone therapy in neonatal chronic lung disease: an international placebo controlled trial. Pediatrics 1991; 88:421-7.
56. Ohlsson A, Calvert S A, Hosking M, Shennan A T. Randomized controlled trial of dexamethasone treatment in very low birthweight infants with ventilator dependent chronic lung disease. Acta Paediatr 1992; 81:751-6.
57. Cummings J J, D'Eugenico D B, Gross S J. A controlled trial of dexamethasone in preterm infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1505-10.
58. Kari M R, Heinonen K, Ikonen R S, Koivisto M, Raivio K O. Dexamethasone treatment in preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68:566-9.
59. Durand M, Sardesai S, McEvoy C. Effect of early dexamethasone therapy on pulmonary mechanics and chronic lung disease in very low birthweight infants: A randomised controlled trial. Pediatrics 1995; 95:584-90.
60. Jobe A H. Glucocorticoids, inflammation and the perinatal lung. Semin Neonatol 2001; 6:331-42.
61. Jobe A H, Ikegami M. Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Curr Opin Pediatr 2001; 13:124-9.
62. Watterberg K L, Demers L M, Scott S M, Murphy S. Chorioamnionitis and early lung inflammation in infants in whom bronchopulmonary dysplasia develops. Pediatrics 1996; 97:210-15.
63. Shinwell E S, Karplus M, Zmora E, Reich D, Rothschild A, Blazer S, et al. Failure of early postnatal dexamethasone to prevent chronic lung disease in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74:F33-F37.
64. Garland J S, Alex C P, Pauly T H, Whitehead V L, Brard J, Winston J F, et al. A three-day course of dexamethasone therapy to prevent chronic lung disease in ventilated neonates: A randomised trial. Pediatrics 1999; 104:91-9.
65. Yeh T F, Lin Y J, Huang C C, Chen Y J, Tsai W F, Lien Y J. Early postnatal (<12 hours) dexamethasone therapy for prevention of BPD in preterm infants with RDS - a two-year follow-up study. Pediatrics 1998; 101:e7.
66. Watterberg K L, Gerdes J S, Gifford K L, Lin H M. Prophylaxis against early adrenal insufficiency to prevent chronic lung disease in premature infants. Pediatrics 1999; 104:1258-63.
67. Halliday H L, Patterson C C, Halahakoon C W, on behalf of the European Multicenter Steroid Study Group. A multicenter, randomised open study of early corticosteroid treatment (OSECT) in preterm infants with respiratory illness: comparison of early and late treatment and of dexamethasone and inhaled budesonide. Pediatrics 2001; 107:232-40.
68. Stark A R, Carlo W A, Tyson J E, Papile L A, Wright L L, Shankaram S, et al. Adverse effects of early dexamethasone treatment in extremely low birthweight infants. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:95-101.
69. Rastogi A, Akintorin S M, Bez M L, Morales P, Pilders R S. A controlled trial of dexamethasone to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in surfactant-treated infants. Pediatrics 1996; 98:204-10.
70. Bhuta T, Ohlsson A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of early postnatal dexamethasone for prevention of chronic lung disease. Arch Dis Child 1998; 79:F26-F33.
71. Kennedy K A. Controversies in the use of postnatal steroids. Semin Perinatol 2001; 25:397-405.
72. Shinwell E S, Karplus M, Reich D, Weintraubz, Blazer S, Bader D, et al. Early postnatal dexamethasone treatment and increased incidence of chronic lung. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000; 83: F177-F181.
73. Barrington K J. The adverse neurodevelopmental effects of postnatal steroids in the preterm infant: A systematic review of RCTs. BioMed Central Pediatr 2001; 1:1. Available at:http: //www.biomedcentral.com/ 1471-2431/1/1
74. Barrington K J. Postnatal steroids and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A problem in the making. Pediatrics 2001; 107:1425-6.
75. Theubaud, Lacaze-Masmontell T, Watterberg K. Postnatal glucocorticoids in very preterm infants: "The good, the bad and the ugly?" Pediatrics 2001; 107:413-5.
76. Murphy B, Inder T E, Huppi P S, Warfield S, Zientara G P, Kikinis R et al. Impaired cerebral cortical gray matter growth after treatment with dexamethasone for neonatal chronic lung disease. Pediatrics 2001; 107:217-21.
77. Halliday H L, Ehrenkranz R A, Doyle L W. Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; (1):CD001146.
78. Halliday H L, Ehrenkranz R A, Doyle L W. Moderately early (7-14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; (1):CD001144.
79. Halliday H L, Ehrenkranz R A, Doyle L W. Delayed (> 3 weeks) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; (1):CD001145.
80. Couser R J, Ferrara B, Falde B, Johnson K, Schilling C G, Hoekstra R E. Effectiveness of dexamethasone in preventing extubation failure in preterm infants at increased risk for airway edema. J Pediatr 1992; 121:591-6.
81. Markovitz B P, Randolph A G. Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of post-extubation stridor in neonates, children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (2):CD001000.
82. Davis P G, Henderson-Smart D J. Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; (4):CD000308.
83. Cole C H, Colton T, Shah B L, Abbasi S, MacKinnon B L, Demissie S, et al. Early inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:1005-10.
84. Fok T F, Lam K, Dolovich M, Ng P C, Wong W, Cheung K L, et al. Randomised controlled study of early use of inhaled corticosteroid in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999; 80:F203-F208.
85. Yong W S C, Carvey S, Pearse P G, Gibson A T. The effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) on premature babies at risk for developing chronic lung disease of prematurity. Arch Dis Child 1999; 80:(Suppl 1):G64.
86. Shah V, Ohlsson A, Halliday H L, Dunn M S. Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (2):CD001969.
87. Cole C H, Shah B, Abbasi S, Demissie S, MacKinnon B, Colton T, et al. Adrenal function in preterm infants during inhaled beclomethasone therapy. J Pediatr 1999; 135:65-70.
88. Ng P C, Fok T F, Wong G W K, Lam K, Ma K C. Pituitary-adrenal suppression in preterm very low birthweight infants after inhaled fluticasone propionate treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:2390-3.
89. Dimitriou G, Greenough A, Gliffin F J, Kavadia V. Inhaled vs systemic steroids in chronic oxygen dependency of preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156:51-5.
90. Dunn M, Pandit P, Magnani L, Anaka R, Kirpalani H. Inhaled corticosteroids for neonatal chronic lung disease: A randomised double-blind cross-over study. Pediatr Res 1992; 31:201A.
91. Laforce W R, Brundo D S. Controlled trial of beclomethasone dipropionate by nebulization in oxygen-and-ventilator-dependent infants. J Pediatr 1993; 122:285-8.
92. Lister P, Iles R, Shaw B, Ducharme F. Inhaled steroids for neonatal chronic lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (3):CD00231.
93. Jobe A H. Glucocorticoids in perinatal medicine: Misguided rockets? J Pediatr 2000; 137:1-3.
94. Andre P, Thebaud B, Odievre M H, Razafimahefa H, Zupan V, Dehan M, et al. Methyl prednisolone, an alternative to dexamethasone in very premature infants at risk for chronic lung disease. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:1496-500.
95. Bada H S, Korones S B, Perry E H, Arheart K L, Ray J D, Pourcyrous M, et al. Mean arterial blood pressure changes in premature infants and those at risk for intraventricular haemorrhage. J Pediatr 1990; 117:607-14.
96. Watkins A M C, West C R, Cooke R W I. Blood pressure and cerebral haemorrhage and ischemia in very low birthweight infants. Early Hum Dev 1989; 19:103-10.
97. Miall-Allen V M, De Vries L S, Whitelaw A G L. Mean arterial blood pressure and neonatal cerebral lesions [abstract]. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62:1068-9.
98. Bourchier D, Weston P J. Randomised trial of dopamine compared with hydrocortisone for the treatment of hypotensive very low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1997; 76:F174-F178.
99. Seri I, Tan R, Evans J. Cardiovascular effects of hydrocortisone in preterm infants with pressor-resistant hypotension. Pediatrics 2001; 107:1070-4.
100. Davies A O, Lefkowitz R J. Corticosteroid-induced differential regulation of β-adrenergic receptors in circulating human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear leukocytes [abstract]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 51:599-605.
101. Ng P C, Lam C W K, Fok T F, Lee C H, Ma K C, Chan I H S, et al. Refractory hypotension in preterm infants with adrenocortical insufficiency. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001; 84:F122-F124.
102. Helbock H J, Insoft R M, Conte F A. Glucocorticoid-responsive hypotensive in extremely low birthweight newborns. Pediatrics 1993; 92:715-7.
103. Fauser A, Pohlandt F, Bartmann P, Gortner L. Rapid increase of blood pressure in extremely low birth weight infants after a single dose of dexamethasone. Eur J Pediatr 1993; 152:354-6.
104. Gaissmaier R E, Pohlandt F. Single dose dexamethasone treatment of hypotension in preterm infants. J Pediatr 1999; 134:701-5.
105. Antenatal Corticosteroids to Prevent Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Clinical Green Top Guidelines. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. December 1999.