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note
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The thickness (H) of the cell is approximately the same as the thickness of the photoresist film, which can be easily changed from ∼0.5 to ∼50 μm by using different photoresists, different concentrations of solutions, and/or different speeds for spin-coating. The photoresist films used in the present study were ∼12 μm thick.
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85034483734
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A variety of monodispersed microsphes, including polystyrene beads, silica colloids, silver-coated polystyrene beads, and polycarbonate beads, have been successfully assembled using this procedure (see refs 12 and 13), and their sizes can vary from ∼0.1 to 10 μm Here we have only used 0.97-μm polystyrene beads to demonstrate the capability of the procedure.
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23
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85034473296
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2 gas increased When the packing is too fast, polycrystalline rather than single crystalline assemblies are formed. Since polycrystalline assemblies are still useful in fabricating thin film membranes, we used a rate of ∼3 mm/h (for a 12-μm-thick and 2-cm-wide cell) for generating all the assemblies of 0.97-μm polystyrene beads used in fabricating the membranes.
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85034460731
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note
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2) by injecting appropriate sol-gel precursors instead of organic prepolymers. See refs 10 and 11.
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26
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85034483387
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note
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2 in area; this result clearly demonstrates the sructural integrity of the polymer membrane. (20) The prosity should be greater than 74% if we consider the "windows" that connected the spherical pores into the three-dimensional network.
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