Scale as modifier in vegetation diversity experiments: Effects on herbivores and predators

Oikos

Volumn 102, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 440-448

  Bommarco, Riccardo ^a   Banks, John E ^b  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; HERBIVORE; META-ANALYSIS; PLANT COMMUNITY; PREDATOR; SCALE EFFECT; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

ANIMALIA; EMBRYOPHYTA; HEXAPODA;

EID: 0041410029     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0579.2003.12578.x     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Ali, A. D., Reagan, T. E. and Flynn, J. L. 1984. Influence of selected weedy and weed-free sugarcane habitats on diet composition and foraging acivity of the imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Environ. Entomol. 13: 1037-1041.
2. Andow, D. A. 1990. Population dynamics of an insect herbivore in simple and diverse habitats. - Ecology 71: 1006-1017.
3. Andow, D. A. 1991. Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response. - Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36: 561-586.
4. Andow, D. A., Nicholson, A. G., Wien, H. C. and Willson, H. R. 1986. Insect populations on cabbage grown with living mulches. - Environ. Entomol. 15: 293-299.
5. Bach, C. E. 1980a. Effects of plant diversity and time of colonization on an herbivore-plant interaction. - Oecologia 44: 319-326.
6. Bach, C. E. 1980b. Effects of plant density and diversity on the population dynamics of a specialist herbivore, the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittata (Fab.). - Oecologia 44: 319-326.
7. Bach, C. E. 1981. Host plant growth form and diversity: effects on abundance and feeding preference of a specialist herbivore, Acalymma vittata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). - Oecologia 50: 370-375.
8. Banks, C. J. 1955. An ecological study of Coccinellidae (Col.) associated with Aphis fabae Scop. on Vicia faba. - Bull. Entomol. Res. 46: 561-587.
9. Banks, J. E. 1998. The scale of landscape fragmentation influences herbivore response to vegetation heterogeneity. - Oecologia 117: 236-246.
10. Banks, J. E. and Ekbom, B. 1999. Modelling herbivore movement and colonization: pest management potential of intercropping and trap cropping. - Agric. For. Entomol. 1: 165-170.
11. Bengtsson, J., Engelhardt, K., Giller, P. et al. 2002. Slippin' and slidin' between the scales: the scaling components of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relations. - In: Loreau, M., Naeem, S. and Inchausti, P. (eds), Biodiversity and ecosystem function - synthesis and perpectives. Oxford Univ. Press, pp. 209-220.
12. Bergelson, J. and Kareiva, P. 1987. Barriers to movement and the response of herbivores to alternate cropping patterns. - Oecologia 71: 457-460.
13. Boiteau, G. 1986. Effect of planting date and plant spacing on field colonization by colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in New Brunswick. - Environ. Entomol. 15: 311-315.
14. Bonsall, M. B. and Hassell, M. P. 1997. Apparent competition structures ecological assemblages. - Nature 388: 371-373.
15. Brown, J. H., West, G. B. and Enquist, B.J. 2000. Scaling in biology: patterns and proceses, causes and consequences. - In: Brown, J. H. and West, G. B. (eds), Scaling in biology. Oxford Univ. Press, pp. 1-24.
16. Carpenter, S. R. 1996. Microcosm experiments have limited relevance for community and ecosystem ecology. - Ecology 77: 677-680.
17. Casas, J. 1990. Multidimensional host distribution and non-random parasitism: a case study and a stochastic model. - Ecology 71: 1893-1903.
18. Connor, E. F. and McCoy, E. D. 1979. The statistics and biology of the species-area relationship. - Am. Nat. 113: 791-833.
19. Cowley, M. J. R., Thomas, C. D., Roy, D. B. et al. 2001. Density-distribution relationships in British butterflies. I. The effect of mobility and spatial scale. - J. Anim. Ecol. 70: 410-425.
20. Crawley, M. J. 1983. Herbivory: the dynamics of animal-plant interactions. - Blackwell Scientific.
21. Elton, C. S. 1958. The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. - Methuen, London.
22. Flaherty, D. L. 1969. Ecosystem trophic complexity and williamette mite Eotetranynchus williamettei Ewing (Acarina: Tetranychidae). - Ecology 50: 911-916.
23. Gardner, R. H., Kemp, W. M., Kennedy, V. S. and Petersen, J. E. (eds) 2001. Scaling relations in experimental ecology. - Columbia Univ. Press.
24. Grevstad, F. S. and Klepetka, B. W. 1992. The influence of plant architecture on the foraging efficiencies of a suite of ladybird beetles on aphids. - Oecologia 92: 399-404.
25. Gurevitch, J., Morrow, L. L., Wallace, A. and Walsh, J. S. 1992. A meta-analysis of field experiments on competition. - Am. Nat. 140: 539-572.
26. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. - Academic Press.
27. Hedges, L. V., Gurevitch, J. and Curtis, P. S. 1999. The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology. - Ecology 80: 1150-1156.
28. Hjältén, J. K., Danell, K. and Lundberg, P. 1993. Herbivore avoidance by association: vole and hare utilization of woody plants. - Oikos 68: 125-131.
29. Holt, R. D. and Lawton, J. H. 1993. Apparent competition and enemy-free space in insect host-parasitoid communities. - Am. Nat. 142: 623-645.
30. Holt, R. D. and Lawton, J. H. 1994. The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25: 495-520.
31. Horn, D. J. 1981. Effect of weedy backgrounds on colonization of collards by green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and its major predators. - Environ. Entomol. 10: 285-289.
32. Horn, D. J. 1987. Vegetational background and parasitism of larval diamond-back moth on collards. - Entomol. Exp. Appl. 43: 300-303.
33. Horton, D. R. and Capinera, J. L. 1987. Effects of plant diversity, host density, and host size on population ecology of the colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). - Environ. Entomol. 16: 1019-1026.
34. Huston, M. A. 1999. Microcosm experiments have limited relevance for commuinty and ecosystem ecology: synthesis of comments. - Ecology 80: 1088-1089.
35. Karban, R., Hougen-Eitzmann, D. and English-Loeb, G. 1994. Predator-mediated apparent competition between two herbivores that feed on grapevines. - Oecologia 97: 508-511.
36. Kareiva, P. 1987. Habitat fragmentation and the stability of predator-prey interactions. - Nature 326: 388-390.
37. Kareiva, P. and Anderson, M. 1988. Spatial aspects of species interactions: the wedding of models and experiments. - In: Hastings, A. (ed.), Community ecology. Springer-Verlag.
38. Kareiva, P. and Perry, R. 1989. Leaf overlap and the ability of ladybird beetles to search among plants. - Ecol. Entomol. 14: 127-129.
39. Kemp, J. C. and Barrett, G. W. 1989. Spatial patterning: impact of uncultivated corridors on arthropod populations within soybean agroecosystems. - Ecology 70: 114-128.
40. Kinnunen, H., Tiainen, J. and Tukia, H. 2001. Farmland carabid beetle communities at multiple levels of spatial scale. - Ecography 24: 189-197.
41. Koricheva, J., Mulder, C. P. H., Schmid, B. et al. 2000. Numerical responses of different trophic groups of invertebrates to manipulations of plant diversity in grasslands. - Oecologia 125: 271-282.
42. Lawrence, W. S. and Bach, C. E. 1989. Chrysomelid beetle movements in relation to host-plant size and surrounding non-host vegetation. - Ecology 70: 1679-1690.
43. Letourneau, D. K. 1986. Associational resistance in squash monocultures and polycultures in tropical Mexico. - Environ. Entomol. 15: 285-292.
44. Letourneau, D. K. 1987. The enemies hypothesis: tritrophic interactions and vegetation diversity in tropical agroecosystems. - Ecology 68: 1616-1622.
45. Letourneau, D. K. 1990a. Mechanisms of predator accumulation in a mixed crop system. - Ecol. Entomol. 15: 63-69.
46. Letourneau, D. K. 1990b. Abundance patterns of leafhopper enemies in pure and mixed stands. - Environ. Entomol. 19: 505-509.
47. Letourneau, D. K. 1995. Associational susceptibility effects of cropping pattern and fertilizer on Malawian bean fly levels. - Ecol. Appl. 5: 823-829.
48. Letourneau, D. K. and Altieri, M. A. 1983. Abundance patterns of a predator, Orius tristicolor (Hemiptera: Anthcoridae), and its prey, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): habitat attraction in polycultures versus monocultures. - Environ. Entomol. 12: 1464-1469.
49. Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: the Robert H. MacArthur award lecture. - Ecology 73: 1943-1967.
50. Litsinger, J. A., Hasse, V., Barrion, A. T. and Schmutterer, H. 1991. Response of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to intercropping. - Environ. Entomol. 20: 988-1004.
51. Marino, P. C. and Landis, D. A. 1996. Effect of landscape structure on parasitoid diversity and parasitism in agroecosystems. - Ecol. Appl. 6: 276-284.
52. May, R. M. 1975. Stability and complexity in model ecosystems, 2nd edn. - Princeton Univ. Press.
53. Moyes, C. L. and Raybould, A. F. 2001. The role of spatial scale and intraspecific variation in secondary chemistry in host-plant location by Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 268: 1567-1573.
54. Müller, C. B. and Godfray, H. C. J. 1997. Apparent competition between two aphid species. - J. Anim. Ecol. 66: 57-64.
55. Osenberg, C. W., Sarnelle, O. and Cooper, S. D. 1997. Effect size in ecological experiments: the application of biological models in meta-analysis. - Am. Nat. 150: 798-812.
56. Palmgren, A. 1917. Studier öfver löfängsområdena på Åland. III Statistisk undersökning af floran. - Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 42: 475-634.
57. Pascual, M., Mazzega, P. and Levin, S. A. 2001. Oscillatory dynamics and spatial scale: the role of noise and unresolved pattern. - Ecology 82: 2357-2369.
58. Pavuk, D. M. and Stinner, B. R. 1991. Influence o weeds in corn plantings on population densities of and damage by second-generation Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). - Environ. Entomol. 20: 276-281.
59. Pavuk, D. M. and Barrett, G. W. 1993. Influence of successional and grassy corridors on parasitism of Plathypena scabra (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in soybean agroecosystems. - Environ. Entomol. 22: 541-546.
60. Perfecto, I. and Sediles, A. 1992. Vegetational diversity, ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and herbivorous pests in neotropical agroecosystems. - Environ. Entomol. 21: 61-67.
61. Polis, G. A., Anderson, W. B. and Holt, R. 1997. Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: the dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28: 289-316.
62. Risch, S. J., Andow, D. and Altieri, M. A. 1983. Agroecosystem diversity and pest control: data, tentative conclusions, and new research directions. - Environ. Entomol. 12: 625-629.
63. Ritchie, M. E. and Olff, H. 1999. Spatial scaling laws yield a synthetic theory of biodiversity. - Nature 400: 557-560.
64. Roda, A. L., Landis, D. A. and Coggins, M. L. 1997. Forage grasses elicit emigration of adult potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from alfalfa-grass mixtures. - Environ. Entomol. 26: 745-753.
65. Rose, G. A. and Leggett, W. C. 1990. The importance of scale to predator-prey spatial correlations: an example of atlantic fishes. - Ecology 71: 33-43.
66. Root, R. B. 1973. Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). - Ecol. Monogr. 43: 95-124.
67. Rosenberg, M. S., Adams, D. C. and Gurevitch, J. 1997. MetaWin. Statistical software for conducting meta-analysis: fixed effect models, mixed effect models, and resampling tests. Version 1.0. - Sinauer Associates.
68. SAS Institute Inc. 1999. Cary, NC, USA.
69. Schindler, D. W. 1998. Replication versus realism: the need for ecosystem-scale experiments. - Ecosystems 1: 323-334.
70. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1984. Scaling, why is animal size so important? - Cambridge Univ. Press.
71. Sheenan, W. 1986. Response by specialist and generalist natural enemies to agroecosystem diversification: a selective review. - Environ. Entomol. 15: 456-461.
72. Siemann, E., Tilman, D., Haarstad, J. and Ritchie, M. 1998. Experimental test of the dependence of arthropod diversity on plant diversity. - Am. Nat. 152: 738-750.
73. Theunissen, J., Booij, C. J. H. and Lotz, L. A. P. 1995. Effects of intercropping white cabbage with clovers on pest infestation and yield. - Entomol. Exp. Appl. 74: 7-16.
74. Thies, C. and Tscharntke, T. 1999. Landscape structure and biological control in agroecosystems. - Science 285: 893-895.
75. Tilman, D., Knops, J., Wedin, D. et al. 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. - Science 277: 1300-1302.
76. Tonhasca, A. 1993. Effects of agroecosystem diversification on natural enemies of soybean herbivores. - Entomol. Exp. Appl. 69: 83-90.
77. Tonhasca, A. and Byrne, D. N. 1994. The effects of crop diversification on herbivous insects: a meta-analysis approach. - Ecol. Entomol. 19: 239-244.
78. Tonhasca, A. and Stinner, R. 1991. Effects of strip intercropping an no-tillage on some pests and beneficial invertebrates of corn in Ohio. - Environ. Entomol. 20: 1251-1258.
79. Tukahirwa, E. M. and Coaker, T. H. 1982. Effects of mied cropping on some insect pests of brassicas: reduced Brevicoryne brassicae infestations and influences on epigeal predators and the disturbance of oviposition behaviour in Delia brassicae. - Entomol. Exp. Appl. 32: 129-140.
80. Vandermeer, J. H. 1988. The ecology of intercropping. - Cambridge Univ. Press.
81. Visser, J. H. 1986. Host odor perception in phytophagous insects. - Annu. Rev. Entomol. 13: 121-144.
82. Wahl, M. and Hay, M. E. 1995. Associational resistance and shared doom: effects of epibiosis on herbivory. - Oecologia 102: 329-340.
83. Watt, A. D. 1992. Insect pest population dynamics: effects of tree species diversity. - In: Cannell, M. G. R., Malcolm, D. C. and Robertson, P. A. (eds), The ecology of mixed species stands of trees. Blackwell Sci Publ, pp. 267-275.
84. Weiss, M. J., Schatz, B. G., Gardner, J. C. and Nead, B. A. 1994. Flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations and crop yield in a field pea and oilseed rape intercrops. - Environ. Entomol. 23: 654-658.
85. Wiens, J. A., Stenseth, N. C, van Horne, B. and Ims, R. A. 1993. Ecological mechanisms and landscape ecology. - Oikos 66: 369-380.