The illusion of union-management cooperation in postcommunist Central Eastern Europe

East European Politics and Societies

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 636-659

  Frege, Carola M ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0040955014     PISSN: 08883254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0888325400014003005     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. According to Freeman, a pluralistic labor relations system should "increase workers' tolerance for the costs of transition, they should be conducive to organizing mass protests by those who suffer from transition; and they should provide information flows to governments about program failures and pressure governments about potentially valuable changes in the direction of programs through worker 'voice'" (Richard Freeman, "What Directions for Labour Market Institutions in Eastern and Central Europe?" discussion paper n 157, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, 1993, 38.
2. David Ost, "Illusionary Corporatism in Eastern Europe: Tripartism in the Service of Neoliberalism," Sisyphus Social Studies (Warsaw) II (1998): 168-77. Anna Pollert, Debating Transformation: Labour and the Political Economy of Central Eastern Europe (London: Sage, in press); David Stark and László Bruszt, Postsocialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and Property in East Central Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
3. David Ost, "Illusionary Corporatism in Eastern Europe: Tripartism in the Service of Neoliberalism," Sisyphus Social Studies (Warsaw) II (1998): 168-77. Anna Pollert, Debating Transformation: Labour and the Political Economy of Central Eastern Europe (London: Sage, in press); David Stark and László Bruszt, Postsocialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and Property in East Central Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
4. David Ost, "Illusionary Corporatism in Eastern Europe: Tripartism in the Service of Neoliberalism," Sisyphus Social Studies (Warsaw) II (1998): 168-77. Anna Pollert, Debating Transformation: Labour and the Political Economy of Central Eastern Europe (London: Sage, in press); David Stark and László Bruszt, Postsocialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and Property in East Central Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
5. Elena A. Iankova, "The Transformative Corporatism of Eastern Europe," East European Politics and Societies 12:2 (1998): 222-64; David Ost, "Labor and Societal Transition," Problems of Communism, 41:3 (1992): 44-57.
6. Elena A. Iankova, "The Transformative Corporatism of Eastern Europe," East European Politics and Societies 12:2 (1998): 222-64; David Ost, "Labor and Societal Transition," Problems of Communism, 41:3 (1992): 44-57.
7. John Thirkell et al., The Transformation of Labour Relations, Restructuring and Privatization in Eastern Europe and Russia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 1.
8. Lajos Héthy, "Hungary," in John Thirkell et al., eds., Labour Relations and Political Change in Eastern Europe: A Comparative Perspective (London: UCL Press, 1995), 81-108; Pollert, Debating Transformation, ch. 7.
9. Lajos Héthy, "Hungary," in John Thirkell et al., eds., Labour Relations and Political Change in Eastern Europe: A Comparative Perspective (London: UCL Press, 1995), 81-108; Pollert, Debating Transformation, ch. 7.
10. For Hungary: Héthy, "Hungary," 96; Czabo Makó, "From Centralized Corporatism into Divided Unionism," working paper, Institute for Advanced Studies Vienna, 1993; Czabo Makó and Peter Novoszáth, "Employment Relations in Multinational Companies: the Hungarian Case," in Eckhard J. Dittrich et al., eds., Industrial Transformation in Europe (London: Sage, 1995), 255-76; László Neumann, "Circumventing Trade Unions in Hungary: Old and New Channels of Wage Bargaining," European Journal of Industrial Relations 3:2 (1997): 183-202; András Tóth, "Great Expectations - Fading Hopes, Trade Unions and System-Change," in M. Waller and M. Myant, eds., Parties, Trade Unions and Society in East-Central Europe (Ilford: Cass, 1994), 85-97.
11. For Hungary: Héthy, "Hungary," 96; Czabo Makó, "From Centralized Corporatism into Divided Unionism," working paper, Institute for Advanced Studies Vienna, 1993; Czabo Makó and Peter Novoszáth, "Employment Relations in Multinational Companies: the Hungarian Case," in Eckhard J. Dittrich et al., eds., Industrial Transformation in Europe (London: Sage, 1995), 255-76; László Neumann, "Circumventing Trade Unions in Hungary: Old and New Channels of Wage Bargaining," European Journal of Industrial Relations 3:2 (1997): 183-202; András Tóth, "Great Expectations - Fading Hopes, Trade Unions and System-Change," in M. Waller and M. Myant, eds., Parties, Trade Unions and Society in East-Central Europe (Ilford: Cass, 1994), 85-97.
12. For Hungary: Héthy, "Hungary," 96; Czabo Makó, "From Centralized Corporatism into Divided Unionism," working paper, Institute for Advanced Studies Vienna, 1993; Czabo Makó and Peter Novoszáth, "Employment Relations in Multinational Companies: the Hungarian Case," in Eckhard J. Dittrich et al., eds., Industrial Transformation in Europe (London: Sage, 1995), 255-76; László Neumann, "Circumventing Trade Unions in Hungary: Old and New Channels of Wage Bargaining," European Journal of Industrial Relations 3:2 (1997): 183-202; András Tóth, "Great Expectations - Fading Hopes, Trade Unions and System-Change," in M. Waller and M. Myant, eds., Parties, Trade Unions and Society in East-Central Europe (Ilford: Cass, 1994), 85-97.
13. For Hungary: Héthy, "Hungary," 96; Czabo Makó, "From Centralized Corporatism into Divided Unionism," working paper, Institute for Advanced Studies Vienna, 1993; Czabo Makó and Peter Novoszáth, "Employment Relations in Multinational Companies: the Hungarian Case," in Eckhard J. Dittrich et al., eds., Industrial Transformation in Europe (London: Sage, 1995), 255-76; László Neumann, "Circumventing Trade Unions in Hungary: Old and New Channels of Wage Bargaining," European Journal of Industrial Relations 3:2 (1997): 183-202; András Tóth, "Great Expectations - Fading Hopes, Trade Unions and System-Change," in M. Waller and M. Myant, eds., Parties, Trade Unions and Society in East-Central Europe (Ilford: Cass, 1994), 85-97.
14. For Hungary: Héthy, "Hungary," 96; Czabo Makó, "From Centralized Corporatism into Divided Unionism," working paper, Institute for Advanced Studies Vienna, 1993; Czabo Makó and Peter Novoszáth, "Employment Relations in Multinational Companies: the Hungarian Case," in Eckhard J. Dittrich et al., eds., Industrial Transformation in Europe (London: Sage, 1995), 255-76; László Neumann, "Circumventing Trade Unions in Hungary: Old and New Channels of Wage Bargaining," European Journal of Industrial Relations 3:2 (1997): 183-202; András Tóth, "Great Expectations - Fading Hopes, Trade Unions and System-Change," in M. Waller and M. Myant, eds., Parties, Trade Unions and Society in East-Central Europe (Ilford: Cass, 1994), 85-97.
15. Héthy, "Hungary," 105.
16. I. Kemény, "Trade Unions and Workers' Interests in Hungary," in A. Pravda and R. Blair, eds., Trade Unions in Communist States (Boston, Mass.: Allen and Unwin, 1986), 173-91.
17. Héthy, "Hungary," 96.
18. John Child et al., "Managerial Adaptation on Chinese and Hungarian Strategic Alliances with Culturally Distinct Foreign Partners," Advances in Chinese Industrial Studies 4 (1994): 211-31; László Czaban and Richard Whitley, "The Transformation of Work Processes in Emergent Capitalism: The Case of Hungary," Work, Employment and Society 12:1 (1998):47-72.
19. John Child et al., "Managerial Adaptation on Chinese and Hungarian Strategic Alliances with Culturally Distinct Foreign Partners," Advances in Chinese Industrial Studies 4 (1994): 211-31; László Czaban and Richard Whitley, "The Transformation of Work Processes in Emergent Capitalism: The Case of Hungary," Work, Employment and Society 12:1 (1998):47-72.
20. András Tóth, "The Invention of Works Councils in Hungary," European Journal of Industrial Relations 3:2 (1997a): 161-82.
21. Héthy, "Hungary," 97; Máko and Novoszáth, "Employment Relations," 260; Tóth, "Invention of Works Councils," 170; Richard Whitley et al., "Ownership, Control and the Management of Labour in an Emergent Capitalist Economy: the Case of Hungary," Organisation 4:3 (1997): 409-32.
22. Héthy, "Hungary," 97; Máko and Novoszáth, "Employment Relations," 260; Tóth, "Invention of Works Councils," 170; Richard Whitley et al., "Ownership, Control and the Management of Labour in an Emergent Capitalist Economy: the Case of Hungary," Organisation 4:3 (1997): 409-32.
23. Héthy, "Hungary," 97; Máko and Novoszáth, "Employment Relations," 260; Tóth, "Invention of Works Councils," 170; Richard Whitley et al., "Ownership, Control and the Management of Labour in an Emergent Capitalist Economy: the Case of Hungary," Organisation 4:3 (1997): 409-32.
24. Héthy, "Hungary," 97; Máko and Novoszáth, "Employment Relations," 260; Tóth, "Invention of Works Councils," 170; Richard Whitley et al., "Ownership, Control and the Management of Labour in an Emergent Capitalist Economy: the Case of Hungary," Organisation 4:3 (1997): 409-32.
25. For example Héthy, "Hungary"; Makó and Novoszáth "Employment Relations," using data from 1990-93.
26. For example Héthy, "Hungary"; Makó and Novoszáth "Employment Relations," using data from 1990-93.
27. P. Aro and P. Repo, Trade Union Experiences in Collective Bargaining in Central Europe (Geneva: ILO, 1997); Vasas Trade Union Federation Survey 1994 (see Pollert, Debating Transformation).
28. P. Aro and P. Repo, Trade Union Experiences in Collective Bargaining in Central Europe (Geneva: ILO, 1997); Vasas Trade Union Federation Survey 1994 (see Pollert, Debating Transformation).
29. P. Aro and P. Repo, Trade Union Experiences in Collective Bargaining in Central Europe (Geneva: ILO, 1997); Vasas Trade Union Federation Survey 1994 (see Pollert, Debating Transformation).
30. Neumann, "Circumventing," 191; Thirkell et al., Labour Relations, 1; Whitley et al., "Ownership," 411.
31. Neumann, "Circumventing," 191; Thirkell et al., Labour Relations, 1; Whitley et al., "Ownership," 411.
32. Neumann, "Circumventing," 191; Thirkell et al., Labour Relations, 1; Whitley et al., "Ownership," 411.
33. David Stark, "Path Dependence and Privatization Strategies in East Central Europe," East European Politics and Society 6:1 (1992): 117-54.
34. Beverly Crawford and A. Lijphart, "Old Legacies, New Institutions: Explaining Political and Economic Trajectones in Post-Communist Regime," in Beverly Crawford and A. Lijphart, eds., Liberalization and Leninist Legacies: Comparative Perspectives on Democratic Transitions (Berkeley: University of California, 1997), 1-39.
35. Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
36. Neumann, "Circumventing," 191; David Ost and Marc Weinstein, "Unionists Against Unions: Towards Hierachical Management in Postcommunist Poland," East European Politics and Societies 13:1(1999); Thirkell et al., "Labour Relations," 13.
37. Neumann, "Circumventing," 191; David Ost and Marc Weinstein, "Unionists Against Unions: Towards Hierachical Management in Postcommunist Poland," East European Politics and Societies 13:1(1999); Thirkell et al., "Labour Relations," 13.
38. Neumann, "Circumventing," 191; David Ost and Marc Weinstein, "Unionists Against Unions: Towards Hierachical Management in Postcommunist Poland," East European Politics and Societies 13:1(1999); Thirkell et al., "Labour Relations," 13.
39. Rainer Deppe and Melanie Tatur, "Transformation processes and trade union configurations in Poland and Hungary," Transfer 3:2 (1997): 242-69; Ost, "Illusionary"; Pollert, Debating; Anna Seleny, "Old Political Rationalities and New Democracies: Compromise and Confrontation in Hungary and Poland," World Politics 51 (1999): 484-519.
40. Rainer Deppe and Melanie Tatur, "Transformation processes and trade union configurations in Poland and Hungary," Transfer 3:2 (1997): 242-69; Ost, "Illusionary"; Pollert, Debating; Anna Seleny, "Old Political Rationalities and New Democracies: Compromise and Confrontation in Hungary and Poland," World Politics 51 (1999): 484-519.
41. Rainer Deppe and Melanie Tatur, "Transformation processes and trade union configurations in Poland and Hungary," Transfer 3:2 (1997): 242-69; Ost, "Illusionary"; Pollert, Debating; Anna Seleny, "Old Political Rationalities and New Democracies: Compromise and Confrontation in Hungary and Poland," World Politics 51 (1999): 484-519.
42. Rainer Deppe and Melanie Tatur, "Transformation processes and trade union configurations in Poland and Hungary," Transfer 3:2 (1997): 242-69; Ost, "Illusionary"; Pollert, Debating; Anna Seleny, "Old Political Rationalities and New Democracies: Compromise and Confrontation in Hungary and Poland," World Politics 51 (1999): 484-519.
43. Duncan Gallie, Roger Penn and Michael Rose, Trade Unionism in Recession (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 5.
44. Sabine Röbenack, "Betriebe und Belegschaftsvertretungen," in J. Bergmann and Rudi Schmidt, eds., Industrielle Beziehungen: Institutionalisierung und Praxis unter Krisenbedingungen (Opladen: Leske und Buderich: 1996), 161-212.
45. K. Nielsen, et al., introduction Strategic Choice and Path Dependency in Post-Communism. Institutional Dynamics in the Transformation Process, ed. by J. Hausner et al. (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1995), 3-46.
46. Hermann Kotthoff, Betriebsräte und betriebliche Herrschaft. (Frankfurt a.M.: Campus, 1981), 63; Richard E. Walton, R.E. and Robert B. McKersie, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations (Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press, 1993), 189.
47. Hermann Kotthoff, Betriebsräte und betriebliche Herrschaft. (Frankfurt a.M.: Campus, 1981), 63; Richard E. Walton, R.E. and Robert B. McKersie, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations (Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press, 1993), 189.
48. David Lewin and Daniel Mitchell, "Systems of Employee Voice: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives," conference paper (New Orleans: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the IRRA, 1992), 14.
49. Kotthoff, Betriebsräte, 42-44.
50. Deppe and Tatur, "Transformation"; Whitley et al., "Ownership," 412.
51. Deppe and Tatur, "Transformation"; Whitley et al., "Ownership," 412.
52. Guy Standing, "Labour Market Governance in Eastern Europe," European Journal of Industrial Relations 3:2 (1997): 133-60.
53. Csilla Kollonay-Lehoczky and Maria Lado, "Hungary," in Umberto Carabelli and Silvana Sciarra, eds., New Patterns of Collective Labour Law in Central Europe (Milano: Giuffre Editore, 1996), 103; Tóth, "Invention," 164.
54. Csilla Kollonay-Lehoczky and Maria Lado, "Hungary," in Umberto Carabelli and Silvana Sciarra, eds., New Patterns of Collective Labour Law in Central Europe (Milano: Giuffre Editore, 1996), 103; Tóth, "Invention," 164.
55. Andreas Tóth, "The role of multi-employer collective agreements in regulating terms and conditions of employment in Hungary," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 3:2 (1997b): 329-56.
56. For example Poland or Czech Republic, see Manfred Weiss, "The Transformation of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in Eastern Europe," conference paper presented at Eastern European Workshop (Berlin: Otto-Brenner-Stiftung, 1999).
57. Carola M. Frege and András Tóth, "Institutions Matter: Union Solidarity in Hungary and East German," British Journal of Industrial Relations 37:1 (1999): 117-40.
58. Deppe and Tatur, "Transformation," 258; Tóth, "Invention."
59. Deppe and Tatur, "Transformation," 258; Tóth, "Invention."
60. Héthy, "Hungary"; Máko and Novoszáth, "Employment," Whitley et al., "Ownership."
61. Héthy, "Hungary"; Máko and Novoszáth, "Employment," Whitley et al., "Ownership."
62. Héthy, "Hungary"; Máko and Novoszáth, "Employment," Whitley et al., "Ownership."
63. This industry was the second largest manufacturing industry in 1996. Its employment increased by 6 percent (in 1996) whereas total employment in Hungary decreased by 4 percent (Munkaeropiaci helyzetjelentés 1997: 81).
64. The average age was 31-35 years and workers were on average 70 percent female. Both figures are representative for the whole sector (RDS interview 12 / 1996).
65. Makó and Novoszáth, "Employment"; Whitley et al., "Ownership."
66. Makó and Novoszáth, "Employment"; Whitley et al., "Ownership."
67. Deppe and Tatur, "Transformation."
68. Average monthly wage of an operator at US-Jeans was 60,000 forints (∼$300), at German-Coats 40-50.000 forints (plus a thirteenth salary), which was about double the average wage in the industry.
69. Neumann, "Circumventing."
70. Whitley et al., "Ownership," 411.
71. John Kelly, Rethinking Industrial Relations: Mobilization, Collectivism and Long Waves (London: Routledge, 1998).
72. Ost and Weinstein, "Unionists," for a similar hypothesis for Poland.
73. Ost and Weinstein, "Unionists."
74. Frege and Tóth, "Institutions."