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Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 179-214

Negotiating cold war paradise: U.S. tourism, economic planning, and cultural modernity in twentieth-century Puerto Rico

(1)  Merrill, Dennis a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0039624777     PISSN: 01452096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0145-2096.00259     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (20)

References (303)
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    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
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    • Cambridge, England
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1973) Tourism and Development: A Case Study of He Commonwealth Caribbean
    • Bryden, J.M.1
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    • Hanover, NH
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1983) Tourism and Caribbean Development
    • Conway, D.1
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    • Oxford
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
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    • DeKadt, E.1
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    • October
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1994) American Studies International , vol.32 , pp. 3-31
    • Engerman, D.1
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    • London
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1987) The Holiday Makers
    • Krippendorf, J.1
  • 13
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    • London
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1995) International Tourism: Identity and Change
    • Lanfant, M.-F.1    Allcock, J.B.2    Bruner, E.M.3
  • 14
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    • London
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1988) Tourism and Development in the Third World
    • Lea, J.1
  • 15
    • 0003969338 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1995) Tourism Economics
    • Lundberg, D.E.1
  • 16
    • 0004080701 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1976) The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class
    • MacCannell, D.1
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    • 0004212688 scopus 로고
    • Honolulu
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1989) The Politics of Tourism in Asia
    • Richter, L.1
  • 18
    • 0005892264 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1982) Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact
    • Seward, S.B.1    Spinard, B.K.2
  • 19
    • 0003681858 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1994) Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective
    • Shaw, G.1    Williams, A.M.2
  • 20
    • 0003467021 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1977) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism
    • Smith, V.L.1
  • 21
    • 0003617112 scopus 로고
    • London
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1990) The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society
    • Urry, J.1
  • 22
    • 0003479129 scopus 로고
    • Ithaca
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1984) Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933
    • Costigliola, F.1
  • 23
    • 0039806477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Travel and world power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917
    • Fall
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1998) Diplomatic History , vol.22 , pp. 365-394
    • Endy, C.1
  • 24
    • 0040993113 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1985) Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present
    • Fieffer, M.1
  • 25
    • 0003677546 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1980) Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars
    • Fussell, P.1
  • 26
    • 0001775190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1998) Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age
    • Levenstein, H.1
  • 27
    • 0009429126 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1994) Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution , pp. 51-57
    • Paterson, T.G.1
  • 28
    • 0003837662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1999) On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture , pp. 165-218
    • Pérez, L.A.1
  • 29
    • 0003824081 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1993) Culture and Imperialism
    • Said, E.1
  • 30
    • 0004114561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lincoln
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York, 1993), xv, xviii, 75, 99, 187, 189, 265; Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (Lincoln, 1997); and William W. Stowe, European Travel in Nineteenth Century America (Princeton, 1994).
    • (1997) Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba
    • Schwartz, R.1
  • 31
    • 0010995647 scopus 로고
    • Princeton
    • The leading scholarly journal on tourism studies is The Annals of Tourism Research. A partial list of important works includes John M. Bryden, Tourism and Development: A Case Study of he Commonwealth Caribbean (Cambridge, England, 1973); Dennis Conway, Tourism and Caribbean Development (Hanover, NH, 1983); E. DeKadt, ed., Tourism: Passport to Development (Oxford, 1979); David Engerman, "Research Agenda for the History of Tourism: Towards an International Social History," American Studies International 32 (October 1994): 3-31; J. Krippendorf, The Holiday Makers (London, 1987); Marie-Françoise Lanfant, John B. Allcock, and Edward M. Bruner, eds., International Tourism: Identity and Change (London, 1995); J. Lea, Tourism and Development in the Third World (London, 1988); Donald E. Lundberg et al., Tourism Economics (New York, 1995); Dean MacCannell, The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class (New York, 1976); Linda Richter, The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu, 1989); Shirley B. Seward and Bernard K. Spinard, eds., Tourism in the Caribbean: The Economic Impact (Ottawa, 1982); Gareth Shaw and Allan M. Williams, Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geographical Perspective (Cambridge, MA, 1994); Valen L. Smith, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Philadelphia, 1977); and J. Urry, The Tourist Gaze in Contemporary Society (London, 1990). Historical studies dealing with international tourism include Frank Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, 1984); Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890-1917," Diplomatic History 22 (Fall 1998): 365-94; Maxine Fieffer, Tourism in History: From Imperial Rome to the Present (New York, 1985); Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling between the Wars (New York, 1980); Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American Tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1994), 51-57, 100, 146, 220; Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture (Chapel Hill, 1999), 165-218; Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism
    • (1994) European Travel in Nineteenth Century America
    • Stowe, W.W.1
  • 32
    • 0003706271 scopus 로고
    • Minneapolis
    • Examples of the new scholarship include David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, 1992); Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, 1998); Michelle Mart, "Tough Guys and American Cold War Policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996): 357-80; Frank Ninkovich, "No Postmordems for Postmodernism, Please," Diplomatic History 22 (Summer 1998): 451-66; Emily Rosenberg, "Cultural Interactions," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, ed. Stanley Kutler (New York, 1996), 2:695-716; Emily Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness," Diplomatic History 22 (Spring 1998): 155-76; and Andrew Rotter, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1205-17.
    • (1992) Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity
    • Campbell, D.1
  • 33
    • 0004306621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Haven
    • Examples of the new scholarship include David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, 1992); Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, 1998); Michelle Mart, "Tough Guys and American Cold War Policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996): 357-80; Frank Ninkovich, "No Postmordems for Postmodernism, Please," Diplomatic History 22 (Summer 1998): 451-66; Emily Rosenberg, "Cultural Interactions," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, ed. Stanley Kutler (New York, 1996), 2:695-716; Emily Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness," Diplomatic History 22 (Spring 1998): 155-76; and Andrew Rotter, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1205-17.
    • (1998) Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars
    • Hoganson, K.1
  • 34
    • 0040398931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tough guys and American Cold War policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960
    • Summer
    • Examples of the new scholarship include David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, 1992); Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, 1998); Michelle Mart, "Tough Guys and American Cold War Policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996): 357-80; Frank Ninkovich, "No Postmordems for Postmodernism, Please," Diplomatic History 22 (Summer 1998): 451-66; Emily Rosenberg, "Cultural Interactions," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, ed. Stanley Kutler (New York, 1996), 2:695-716; Emily Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness," Diplomatic History 22 (Spring 1998): 155-76; and Andrew Rotter, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1205-17.
    • (1996) Diplomatic History , vol.20 , pp. 357-380
    • Mart, M.1
  • 35
    • 0039806469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No postmordems for postmodernism, please
    • Summer
    • Examples of the new scholarship include David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, 1992); Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, 1998); Michelle Mart, "Tough Guys and American Cold War Policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996): 357-80; Frank Ninkovich, "No Postmordems for Postmodernism, Please," Diplomatic History 22 (Summer 1998): 451-66; Emily Rosenberg, "Cultural Interactions," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, ed. Stanley Kutler (New York, 1996), 2:695-716; Emily Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness," Diplomatic History 22 (Spring 1998): 155-76; and Andrew Rotter, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1205-17.
    • (1998) Diplomatic History , vol.22 , pp. 451-466
    • Ninkovich, F.1
  • 36
    • 0039806467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural interactions
    • ed. Stanley Kutler New York
    • Examples of the new scholarship include David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, 1992); Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, 1998); Michelle Mart, "Tough Guys and American Cold War Policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996): 357-80; Frank Ninkovich, "No Postmordems for Postmodernism, Please," Diplomatic History 22 (Summer 1998): 451-66; Emily Rosenberg, "Cultural Interactions," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, ed. Stanley Kutler (New York, 1996), 2:695-716; Emily Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness," Diplomatic History 22 (Spring 1998): 155-76; and Andrew Rotter, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1205-17.
    • (1996) Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century , vol.2 , pp. 695-716
    • Rosenberg, E.1
  • 37
    • 0012336992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting Dollar diplomacy: Narratives of money and manliness
    • Spring
    • Examples of the new scholarship include David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, 1992); Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, 1998); Michelle Mart, "Tough Guys and American Cold War Policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996): 357-80; Frank Ninkovich, "No Postmordems for Postmodernism, Please," Diplomatic History 22 (Summer 1998): 451-66; Emily Rosenberg, "Cultural Interactions," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, ed. Stanley Kutler (New York, 1996), 2:695-716; Emily Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness," Diplomatic History 22 (Spring 1998): 155-76; and Andrew Rotter, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1205-17.
    • (1998) Diplomatic History , vol.22 , pp. 155-176
    • Rosenberg, E.1
  • 38
    • 0040993104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saidism without said: Orientalism and U.S. diplomatic history
    • October
    • Examples of the new scholarship include David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, 1992); Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (New Haven, 1998); Michelle Mart, "Tough Guys and American Cold War Policy: Images of Israel, 1948-1960," Diplomatic History 20 (Summer 1996): 357-80; Frank Ninkovich, "No Postmordems for Postmodernism, Please," Diplomatic History 22 (Summer 1998): 451-66; Emily Rosenberg, "Cultural Interactions," in Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, ed. Stanley Kutler (New York, 1996), 2:695-716; Emily Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness," Diplomatic History 22 (Spring 1998): 155-76; and Andrew Rotter, "Saidism without Said: Orientalism and U.S. Diplomatic History," American Historical Review 105 (October 2000): 1205-17.
    • (2000) American Historical Review , vol.105 , pp. 1205-1217
    • Rotter, A.1
  • 39
    • 0039806470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For a discussion of the term "frontier" see Gregory H. Nobles, American Frontiers: Cultural Encounters and Continental Conquest (New York, 1997). On cultural constructions of the "Third World" see Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton, 1995).
    • (1997) American Frontiers: Cultural Encounters and Continental Conquest
    • Nobles, G.H.1
  • 40
    • 84879019389 scopus 로고
    • Princeton
    • For a discussion of the term "frontier" see Gregory H. Nobles, American Frontiers: Cultural Encounters and Continental Conquest (New York, 1997). On cultural constructions of the "Third World" see Arturo Escobar, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton, 1995).
    • (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World
    • Escobar, A.1
  • 41
    • 0003393582 scopus 로고
    • London
    • W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-Communist Manifesto (London, 1959) is perhaps the most standard modernization text. For discussions of modernization theory and U.S. foreign relations see Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy (New Haven, 1987); Michael E. Latham, Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s (Chapel Hill, 1999); Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963 (Chapel Hill, 1990); Frank Ninkovich, Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1994); Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science (Princeton, 1973); and Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1999).
    • (1959) The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-communist Manifesto
    • Rostow, W.W.1
  • 42
    • 0003946927 scopus 로고
    • New Haven
    • W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-Communist Manifesto (London, 1959) is perhaps the most standard modernization text. For discussions of modernization theory and U.S. foreign relations see Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy (New Haven, 1987); Michael E. Latham, Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s (Chapel Hill, 1999); Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963 (Chapel Hill, 1990); Frank Ninkovich, Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1994); Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science (Princeton, 1973); and Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1999).
    • (1987) Ideology and US Foreign Policy
    • Hunt, M.H.1
  • 43
    • 0039214464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill
    • W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-Communist Manifesto (London, 1959) is perhaps the most standard modernization text. For discussions of modernization theory and U.S. foreign relations see Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy (New Haven, 1987); Michael E. Latham, Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s (Chapel Hill, 1999); Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963 (Chapel Hill, 1990); Frank Ninkovich, Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1994); Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science (Princeton, 1973); and Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1999).
    • (1999) Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s
    • Latham, M.E.1
  • 44
    • 0040993105 scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill
    • W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-Communist Manifesto (London, 1959) is perhaps the most standard modernization text. For discussions of modernization theory and U.S. foreign relations see Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy (New Haven, 1987); Michael E. Latham, Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s (Chapel Hill, 1999); Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963 (Chapel Hill, 1990); Frank Ninkovich, Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1994); Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science (Princeton, 1973); and Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1999).
    • (1990) Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963
    • Merrill, D.1
  • 45
    • 0003793689 scopus 로고
    • Chicago
    • W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-Communist Manifesto (London, 1959) is perhaps the most standard modernization text. For discussions of modernization theory and U.S. foreign relations see Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy (New Haven, 1987); Michael E. Latham, Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s (Chapel Hill, 1999); Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963 (Chapel Hill, 1990); Frank Ninkovich, Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1994); Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science (Princeton, 1973); and Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1999).
    • (1994) Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century
    • Ninkovich, F.1
  • 46
    • 85011842171 scopus 로고
    • Princeton
    • W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-Communist Manifesto (London, 1959) is perhaps the most standard modernization text. For discussions of modernization theory and U.S. foreign relations see Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy (New Haven, 1987); Michael E. Latham, Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s (Chapel Hill, 1999); Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963 (Chapel Hill, 1990); Frank Ninkovich, Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1994); Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science (Princeton, 1973); and Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1999).
    • (1973) Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science
    • Packenham, R.A.1
  • 47
    • 0011412264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill
    • W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Development: A Non-Communist Manifesto (London, 1959) is perhaps the most standard modernization text. For discussions of modernization theory and U.S. foreign relations see Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and US Foreign Policy (New Haven, 1987); Michael E. Latham, Modernization: Social Scientists and U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1960s (Chapel Hill, 1999); Dennis Merrill, Bread and the Ballot: The United States and India's Economic Development, 1947-1963 (Chapel Hill, 1990); Frank Ninkovich, Modernity and Power: A History of the Domino Theory in the Twentieth Century (Chicago, 1994); Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World: Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science (Princeton, 1973); and Stephen Rabe, The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1999).
    • (1999) The Most Dangerous Area in the World: John F. Kennedy Confronts Communist Revolution in Latin America
    • Rabe, S.1
  • 48
    • 0039214465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of travel
    • 6 October
    • For a popular critique of international tourism see the thought-provoking special issue of Nation, "The Politics of Travel," 6 October 1997. For an understanding of dependency theory and its application to tourism see Tom Berry, Beth Wood, and Deb Preusch, The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean (New York, 1984); Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Relations (Berkeley, 1990), 1-3, 19-41, 125, 157, 170, 186; and most recently Polly Pattullo, Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean (New York, 1999). For an application of dependency theory to Puerto Rico and elsewhere see Morris Morely, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society, ed. Adalberto López (Cambridge, MA, 1980), 171-211; and Louis A. Pérez, Jr., "Dependency," in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (New York, 1991), 99-110.
    • (1997) Nation
  • 49
    • 0003614624 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For a popular critique of international tourism see the thought-provoking special issue of Nation, "The Politics of Travel," 6 October 1997. For an understanding of dependency theory and its application to tourism see Tom Berry, Beth Wood, and Deb Preusch, The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean (New York, 1984); Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Relations (Berkeley, 1990), 1-3, 19-41, 125, 157, 170, 186; and most recently Polly Pattullo, Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean (New York, 1999). For an application of dependency theory to Puerto Rico and elsewhere see Morris Morely, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society, ed. Adalberto López (Cambridge, MA, 1980), 171-211; and Louis A. Pérez, Jr., "Dependency," in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (New York, 1991), 99-110.
    • (1984) The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean
    • Berry, T.1    Wood, B.2    Preusch, D.3
  • 50
    • 0003766344 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley
    • For a popular critique of international tourism see the thought-provoking special issue of Nation, "The Politics of Travel," 6 October 1997. For an understanding of dependency theory and its application to tourism see Tom Berry, Beth Wood, and Deb Preusch, The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean (New York, 1984); Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Relations (Berkeley, 1990), 1-3, 19-41, 125, 157, 170, 186; and most recently Polly Pattullo, Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean (New York, 1999). For an application of dependency theory to Puerto Rico and elsewhere see Morris Morely, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society, ed. Adalberto López (Cambridge, MA, 1980), 171-211; and Louis A. Pérez, Jr., "Dependency," in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (New York, 1991), 99-110.
    • (1990) Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Relations , pp. 1-3
    • Enloe, C.1
  • 51
    • 0039214453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For a popular critique of international tourism see the thought-provoking special issue of Nation, "The Politics of Travel," 6 October 1997. For an understanding of dependency theory and its application to tourism see Tom Berry, Beth Wood, and Deb Preusch, The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean (New York, 1984); Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Relations (Berkeley, 1990), 1-3, 19-41, 125, 157, 170, 186; and most recently Polly Pattullo, Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean (New York, 1999). For an application of dependency theory to Puerto Rico and elsewhere see Morris Morely, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society, ed. Adalberto López (Cambridge, MA, 1980), 171-211; and Louis A. Pérez, Jr., "Dependency," in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (New York, 1991), 99-110.
    • (1999) Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean
    • Pattullo, P.1
  • 52
    • 84917043722 scopus 로고
    • Dependence and development in Puerto Rico
    • ed. Adalberto López Cambridge, MA
    • For a popular critique of international tourism see the thought-provoking special issue of Nation, "The Politics of Travel," 6 October 1997. For an understanding of dependency theory and its application to tourism see Tom Berry, Beth Wood, and Deb Preusch, The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean (New York, 1984); Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Relations (Berkeley, 1990), 1-3, 19-41, 125, 157, 170, 186; and most recently Polly Pattullo, Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean (New York, 1999). For an application of dependency theory to Puerto Rico and elsewhere see Morris Morely, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society, ed. Adalberto López (Cambridge, MA, 1980), 171-211; and Louis A. Pérez, Jr., "Dependency," in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (New York, 1991), 99-110.
    • (1980) The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society , pp. 171-211
    • Morely, M.1
  • 53
    • 84960228869 scopus 로고
    • Dependency
    • ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson New York
    • For a popular critique of international tourism see the thought-provoking special issue of Nation, "The Politics of Travel," 6 October 1997. For an understanding of dependency theory and its application to tourism see Tom Berry, Beth Wood, and Deb Preusch, The Other Side of Paradise: Foreign Control in the Caribbean (New York, 1984); Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Relations (Berkeley, 1990), 1-3, 19-41, 125, 157, 170, 186; and most recently Polly Pattullo, Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean (New York, 1999). For an application of dependency theory to Puerto Rico and elsewhere see Morris Morely, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society, ed. Adalberto López (Cambridge, MA, 1980), 171-211; and Louis A. Pérez, Jr., "Dependency," in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (New York, 1991), 99-110.
    • (1991) Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations , pp. 99-110
    • Pérez L.A., Jr.1
  • 54
    • 0003515314 scopus 로고
    • Berkeley
    • See, for example, Richard F. Kuisel, Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization (Berkeley, 1993); Geir Lundestad, The American "Empire" and Other Studies of U.S. Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective (London, 1990); Richard Pells, Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture Since World II (New York, 1997); and Uta G. Poiger, "Beyond 'Modernization' and 'Colonization,'" Diplomatic History 23 (Winter 1999): 45-56.
    • (1993) Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization
    • Kuisel, R.F.1
  • 55
    • 0038925425 scopus 로고
    • London
    • See, for example, Richard F. Kuisel, Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization (Berkeley, 1993); Geir Lundestad, The American "Empire" and Other Studies of U.S. Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective (London, 1990); Richard Pells, Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture Since World II (New York, 1997); and Uta G. Poiger, "Beyond 'Modernization' and 'Colonization,'" Diplomatic History 23 (Winter 1999): 45-56.
    • (1990) The American "Empire" and Other Studies of U.S. Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective
    • Lundestad, G.1
  • 56
    • 0004247613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York
    • See, for example, Richard F. Kuisel, Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization (Berkeley, 1993); Geir Lundestad, The American "Empire" and Other Studies of U.S. Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective (London, 1990); Richard Pells, Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture Since World II (New York, 1997); and Uta G. Poiger, "Beyond 'Modernization' and 'Colonization,'" Diplomatic History 23 (Winter 1999): 45-56.
    • (1997) Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture Since World II
    • Pells, R.1
  • 57
    • 0007295595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond 'modernization' and 'colonization,'
    • Winter
    • See, for example, Richard F. Kuisel, Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization (Berkeley, 1993); Geir Lundestad, The American "Empire" and Other Studies of U.S. Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective (London, 1990); Richard Pells, Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture Since World II (New York, 1997); and Uta G. Poiger, "Beyond 'Modernization' and 'Colonization,'" Diplomatic History 23 (Winter 1999): 45-56.
    • (1999) Diplomatic History , vol.23 , pp. 45-56
    • Poiger, U.G.1
  • 59
    • 0004228715 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1983) Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History
    • Carrión, A.M.1
  • 60
    • 0003488113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1997) Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico
    • Davila, A.M.1
  • 61
    • 0003692771 scopus 로고
    • Houston
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1993) Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity
    • Flores, J.1
  • 62
    • 0039806455 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1982) Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction
    • Gordon, R.1
  • 63
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    • Westport
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1983) From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948
    • Sánchez Korrol, V.E.1
  • 64
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    • New York
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1963) Freedom and Power in the Caribbean , pp. 291-317
    • Lewis, G.K.1
  • 65
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    • Cambridge, MA
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1980) The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society
    • López, A.1
  • 66
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    • New Haven
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1960) Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History
    • Mintz, S.1
  • 67
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    • Westport
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1995) Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity
    • Morris, N.1
  • 68
    • 0040398892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Armonk, NY
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1998) Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives
    • Matos Rodríguez, F.V.1    Delgado, L.C.2
  • 69
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    • Río Piedras
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1988) Historia General de Puerto Rico [General History of Puerto Rico]
    • Pico, F.1
  • 70
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    • Rio Piedras
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1985) Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and Social Classes]
    • Scarano, F.1
  • 71
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    • New York
    • For an introduction to Puerto Rican culture see Arturo Morales Carrión, Puerto Rico: A Political and Cultural History (New York, 1983); Arlene M. Davila, Sponsored Identities: Cultural Politics in Puerto Rico (Philadelphia, 1997); Juan Flores, Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity (Houston, 1993); Raoul Gordon, Puerto Rican Culture: An Introduction (New York, 1982); Virginia E. Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917-1948 (Westport, 1983); Gordon K. Lewis, Freedom and Power in the Caribbean (New York, 1963), 291-317; Adalberto López, ed., The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture, and Society (Cambridge, MA, 1980); Sidney Mintz, Workers in the Cane: A Puerto Rico Life History (New Haven, 1960); Nancy Morris, Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, 1995); Félix V. Matos Rodríguez and Linda C. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women's History: New Perspectives (Armonk, NY, 1998); Fernando Pico, Historia General de Puerto Rico [General history of Puerto Rico] (Río Piedras, 1988); Francisco Scarano, ed., Immigración y Classes Sociale [Immigration and social classes] (Rio Piedras, 1985); and Kal Wagenhiem, Puerto Rico: A Profile (New York, 1975).
    • (1975) Puerto Rico: A Profile
    • Wagenhiem, K.1
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    • Ibid., 146-47. For an excellent historiography on modernity and cultural imperialism see Jessica C.E. Gienow-Hecht, "Shame on US? Academics, Cultural Transfer, and the Cold War - A Critical Review," Diplomatic History 24 (Summer 2000): 465-94.
    • Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction , pp. 146-147
  • 74
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    • Shame on US? academics, cultural transfer, and the Cold War - A critical review
    • Summer
    • Ibid., 146-47. For an excellent historiography on modernity and cultural imperialism see Jessica C.E. Gienow-Hecht, "Shame on US? Academics, Cultural Transfer, and the Cold War - A Critical Review," Diplomatic History 24 (Summer 2000): 465-94.
    • (2000) Diplomatic History , vol.24 , pp. 465-494
    • Gienow-Hecht, J.C.E.1
  • 76
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    • New York
    • John F. Sears, Sacred Places: American Tourist Attractions in the Nineteenth Century (New York, 1989), 72-122. See also Cindy S. Aron, Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States (New York, 1999); and Richard V. Smith, "Travel and Vacations," in Encyclopedia of American Social History, ed. Mary Kupiec Cayton et al. (New York, 1993), 3:1677-88.
    • (1989) Sacred Places: American Tourist Attractions in the Nineteenth Century , pp. 72-122
    • Sears, J.F.1
  • 77
    • 0004042190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York
    • John F. Sears, Sacred Places: American Tourist Attractions in the Nineteenth Century (New York, 1989), 72-122. See also Cindy S. Aron, Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States (New York, 1999); and Richard V. Smith, "Travel and Vacations," in Encyclopedia of American Social History, ed. Mary Kupiec Cayton et al. (New York, 1993), 3:1677-88.
    • (1999) Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States
    • Aron, C.S.1
  • 78
    • 0039806410 scopus 로고
    • Travel and vacations
    • ed. Mary Kupiec Cayton et al. New York
    • John F. Sears, Sacred Places: American Tourist Attractions in the Nineteenth Century (New York, 1989), 72-122. See also Cindy S. Aron, Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States (New York, 1999); and Richard V. Smith, "Travel and Vacations," in Encyclopedia of American Social History, ed. Mary Kupiec Cayton et al. (New York, 1993), 3:1677-88.
    • (1993) Encyclopedia of American Social History , vol.3 , pp. 1677-1688
    • Smith, R.V.1
  • 79
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    • Said, Culture and Imperialism, 75, 99; Harry A. Franck, Roaming Through the West Indies (New York, 1920); John E. Jennings, Jr., Our American Tropics (New York, 1938).
    • Culture and Imperialism , vol.75 , pp. 99
    • Said1
  • 80
    • 0039214408 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Said, Culture and Imperialism, 75, 99; Harry A. Franck, Roaming Through the West Indies (New York, 1920); John E. Jennings, Jr., Our American Tropics (New York, 1938).
    • (1920) Roaming Through the West Indies
    • Franck, H.A.1
  • 81
    • 0040993058 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Said, Culture and Imperialism, 75, 99; Harry A. Franck, Roaming Through the West Indies (New York, 1920); John E. Jennings, Jr., Our American Tropics (New York, 1938).
    • (1938) Our American Tropics
    • Jennings J.E., Jr.1
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    • I am the other: Puerto Rico in the eyes of North Americans
    • June
    • For a thoughtful analysis of early U.S. cultural constructions of Puerto Rico see Gervasio Luis García, "I Am the Other: Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans," Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 39-64. In addition to previously cited works, a partial list of early travel guides and commentary on Puerto Rico includes William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities (New York, 1899); Margherita Hamm, Puerto Rico and the West Indies (London and New York, 1899); Charles H. Rector, The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera (Chicago, 1899); Albert G. Robinson, The Porto Rico of Today (New York, 1899); Joseph B. Seaburg, Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York, 1903); and A. Hyatt Verrill, Porto Rico: Past and Present (New York, 1914).
    • (2000) Journal of American History , vol.87 , pp. 39-64
    • García, G.L.1
  • 86
    • 0040398866 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For a thoughtful analysis of early U.S. cultural constructions of Puerto Rico see Gervasio Luis García, "I Am the Other: Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans," Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 39-64. In addition to previously cited works, a partial list of early travel guides and commentary on Puerto Rico includes William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities (New York, 1899); Margherita Hamm, Puerto Rico and the West Indies (London and New York, 1899); Charles H. Rector, The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera (Chicago, 1899); Albert G. Robinson, The Porto Rico of Today (New York, 1899); Joseph B. Seaburg, Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York, 1903); and A. Hyatt Verrill, Porto Rico: Past and Present (New York, 1914).
    • (1899) Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities
    • Dinwiddie, W.1
  • 87
    • 0039806378 scopus 로고
    • London and New York
    • For a thoughtful analysis of early U.S. cultural constructions of Puerto Rico see Gervasio Luis García, "I Am the Other: Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans," Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 39-64. In addition to previously cited works, a partial list of early travel guides and commentary on Puerto Rico includes William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities (New York, 1899); Margherita Hamm, Puerto Rico and the West Indies (London and New York, 1899); Charles H. Rector, The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera (Chicago, 1899); Albert G. Robinson, The Porto Rico of Today (New York, 1899); Joseph B. Seaburg, Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York, 1903); and A. Hyatt Verrill, Porto Rico: Past and Present (New York, 1914).
    • (1899) Puerto Rico and the West Indies
    • Hamm, M.1
  • 88
    • 0039806407 scopus 로고
    • Chicago
    • For a thoughtful analysis of early U.S. cultural constructions of Puerto Rico see Gervasio Luis García, "I Am the Other: Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans," Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 39-64. In addition to previously cited works, a partial list of early travel guides and commentary on Puerto Rico includes William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities (New York, 1899); Margherita Hamm, Puerto Rico and the West Indies (London and New York, 1899); Charles H. Rector, The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera (Chicago, 1899); Albert G. Robinson, The Porto Rico of Today (New York, 1899); Joseph B. Seaburg, Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York, 1903); and A. Hyatt Verrill, Porto Rico: Past and Present (New York, 1914).
    • (1899) The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera
    • Rector, C.H.1
  • 89
    • 0039806376 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For a thoughtful analysis of early U.S. cultural constructions of Puerto Rico see Gervasio Luis García, "I Am the Other: Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans," Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 39-64. In addition to previously cited works, a partial list of early travel guides and commentary on Puerto Rico includes William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities (New York, 1899); Margherita Hamm, Puerto Rico and the West Indies (London and New York, 1899); Charles H. Rector, The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera (Chicago, 1899); Albert G. Robinson, The Porto Rico of Today (New York, 1899); Joseph B. Seaburg, Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York, 1903); and A. Hyatt Verrill, Porto Rico: Past and Present (New York, 1914).
    • (1899) The Porto Rico of Today
    • Robinson, A.G.1
  • 90
    • 84898219479 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For a thoughtful analysis of early U.S. cultural constructions of Puerto Rico see Gervasio Luis García, "I Am the Other: Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans," Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 39-64. In addition to previously cited works, a partial list of early travel guides and commentary on Puerto Rico includes William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities (New York, 1899); Margherita Hamm, Puerto Rico and the West Indies (London and New York, 1899); Charles H. Rector, The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera (Chicago, 1899); Albert G. Robinson, The Porto Rico of Today (New York, 1899); Joseph B. Seaburg, Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York, 1903); and A. Hyatt Verrill, Porto Rico: Past and Present (New York, 1914).
    • (1903) Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port
    • Seaburg, J.B.1
  • 91
    • 84898112507 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • For a thoughtful analysis of early U.S. cultural constructions of Puerto Rico see Gervasio Luis García, "I Am the Other: Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans," Journal of American History 87 (June 2000): 39-64. In addition to previously cited works, a partial list of early travel guides and commentary on Puerto Rico includes William Dinwiddie, Puerto Rico: Its Conditions and Possibilities (New York, 1899); Margherita Hamm, Puerto Rico and the West Indies (London and New York, 1899); Charles H. Rector, The Story of Beautiful Puerto Rico: A Graphic Description of the Garden Spot of the World By Pen and Camera (Chicago, 1899); Albert G. Robinson, The Porto Rico of Today (New York, 1899); Joseph B. Seaburg, Puerto Rico: The Land of the Rich Port (New York, 1903); and A. Hyatt Verrill, Porto Rico: Past and Present (New York, 1914).
    • (1914) Porto Rico: Past and Present
    • Verrill, A.H.1
  • 92
    • 0039214407 scopus 로고
    • 30 June Oficina del Gobernador, box 702, Archivo General de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
    • Institute of Tourism, Annual Report of the Institute of Tourism, 15-17, 34-52, 30 June 1938, Oficina del Gobernador, box 702, Archivo General de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
    • (1938) Annual Report of the Institute of Tourism , pp. 15-17
  • 93
    • 0040993053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • Annual Report of the Institute of Tourism , vol.44 , pp. 52
  • 94
    • 0001915241 scopus 로고
    • Chicago
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • (1995) Manliness and Civilization
    • Bederman, G.1
  • 95
    • 0040993004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Unceasing pressure for penetration': Gender, pathology, and emotion in George Kennan's formation of the Cold War
    • March
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • (1997) Journal of American History , vol.83 , pp. 1309-1339
    • Costigliola, F.1
  • 96
    • 84875825002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • Bananas
    • Enloe1
  • 97
    • 0004306621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • Fighting for American Manhood
    • Hoganson1
  • 98
    • 84905796262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • Ideology
    • Hunt1
  • 99
    • 0003516315 scopus 로고
    • New Haven
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • (1984) The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China
    • Hunter, J.1
  • 100
    • 84963034974 scopus 로고
    • Gender relations, foreign relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965
    • September
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • (1994) Journal of American History , vol.81 , pp. 518-542
    • Rotter, A.J.1
  • 101
    • 0040993035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., 44, 52. On gender and the nonwestern world see, for example, Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago, 1995); Frank Costigliola, "'Unceasing Pressure for Penetration': Gender, Pathology, and Emotion in George Kennan's Formation of the Cold War," Journal of American History 83 (March 1997): 1309-39; Enloe, Bananas; Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood; Hunt, Ideology; Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, 1984); Andrew J. Rotter, "Gender Relations, Foreign Relations: The U.S. and South Asia, 1947-1965," Journal of American History 81 (September 1994): 518-42; Rosenberg, "Gender," 27-39.
    • Gender , pp. 27-39
    • Rosenberg1
  • 103
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión, Puerto Rico, 221-38; Ronald Fernandez, The Disenchanted Island: The United States and Puerto Rico in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1992), 94-98.
    • Puerto Rico , pp. 221-238
    • Carrión1
  • 105
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión, Puerto Rico, 334-35; Lewis, Freedom and Power, 294-96.
    • Puerto Rico , pp. 334-335
    • Carrión1
  • 106
  • 107
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión, Puerto Rico, 232-34; Fernandez, Disenchanted, 118, 121; A. W. Maldonado, Teodoro Moscoso and Puerto Rico's Operation Bootstrap (Gainesville, 1997), 12-36.
    • Puerto Rico , pp. 232-234
    • Carrión1
  • 108
    • 0039806387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión, Puerto Rico, 232-34; Fernandez, Disenchanted, 118, 121; A. W. Maldonado, Teodoro Moscoso and Puerto Rico's Operation Bootstrap (Gainesville, 1997), 12-36.
    • Disenchanted , vol.118 , pp. 121
    • Fernandez1
  • 110
    • 0039806386 scopus 로고
    • 15 September Catapacio XI, document #196, Centro de Investigacionnes Histórica, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras
    • Ruby Black, despatch to La Democracia, 15 September 1937, Catapacio XI, document #196, Centro de Investigacionnes Histórica, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras.
    • (1937) La Democracia
    • Black, R.1
  • 113
    • 0040993027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the salt tax, Tom Ferris to Governor Leahy, 13 March 1940, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; on the slot machines, interview with Dr. Ricardo Alegría, 9 June 1999, San Juan, Puerto Rico
    • On the salt tax, Tom Ferris to Governor Leahy, 13 March 1940, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; on the slot machines, Maldonado, Moscoso, 119-20; interview with Dr. Ricardo Alegría, 9 June 1999, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
    • Moscoso , pp. 119-120
    • Maldonado1
  • 114
  • 115
    • 0040992951 scopus 로고
    • 23 June
    • Knight, The Caribbean, 269-70; Time, 23 June 1958, 32.
    • (1958) Time , pp. 32
  • 116
    • 0040398890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • (1964) Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín
    • Aitken T., Jr.1
  • 117
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • Puerto Rico
    • Carrión1    2
  • 118
    • 0003648271 scopus 로고
    • Princeton
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • (1986) Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development
    • Dietz, J.L.1
  • 119
    • 0040993055 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • (1960) Puerto Rico: Island of Promise
    • Gruber, R.1
  • 120
    • 0040398891 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • (1960) Puerto Rico: A Success Story
    • Hancock, R.1
  • 121
    • 0040398871 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • (1955) Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico
    • Hanson, E.P.1
  • 122
    • 0040993027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • Moscoso
    • Maldonado1
  • 123
    • 0003482830 scopus 로고
    • Baltimore
    • Thomas Aitken, Jr., Poet in the Fortress: The Story of Luis Muñoz Marín (New York, 1964); Carrión; Puerto Rico; James L. Dietz, Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalistic Development (Princeton, 1986); Ruth Gruber, Puerto Rico: Island of Promise (New York, 1960); Ralph Hancock, Puerto Rico: A Success Story (New York, 1960); Earl Parker Hanson, Transformation: The Story of Modern Puerto Rico (New York, 1955); Maldonado, Moscoso; Richard Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development (Baltimore, 1985).
    • (1985) Factories and Foodstamps: The Puerto Rican Model of Development
    • Weisskoff, R.1
  • 124
    • 0039214403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fernandez, Disenchanted, 182-83, 212-14; John Henry Baker, "The Relationship of Student Activism at the University of Puerto Rico to the Struggle for Political Independence in Puerto Rico, 1923-1971" (Ph.D. diss., Boston College, 1973). On the FBI see New York Times, 2 August 2000.
    • Disenchanted , pp. 182-183
    • Fernandez1
  • 126
    • 0004047063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 August
    • Fernandez, Disenchanted, 182-83, 212-14; John Henry Baker, "The Relationship of Student Activism at the University of Puerto Rico to the Struggle for Political Independence in Puerto Rico, 1923-1971" (Ph.D. diss., Boston College, 1973). On the FBI see New York Times, 2 August 2000.
    • (2000) New York Times
  • 127
    • 0039806403 scopus 로고
    • 7 vols. Pasadena
    • On tourism as percentage of GNP see Stanford Research Institute (for the Puerto Rican Economic Development Administration), Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 7 vols. (Pasadena, 1968), 2:12.
    • (1968) Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , vol.2 , pp. 12
  • 128
    • 0040993042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For projections on expenditures and income see Summary of 1949-1950 Budget, Office of Tourism, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037
    • For projections on expenditures and income see Summary of 1949-1950 Budget, Office of Tourism, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037.
  • 129
    • 0039806399 scopus 로고
    • 'Mr. Bootstrap' becomes 'Mr. Ambassador,'
    • 15 June Moscoso Papers, box 9, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts; Teodoro Moscoso to Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador), 25 de febrero de 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036
    • Quoted in Harold Underhill, "'Mr. Bootstrap' Becomes 'Mr. Ambassador,'" The Diplomat, 15 June 1961, Moscoso Papers, box 9, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts; Teodoro Moscoso to Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador), 25 de febrero de 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036.
    • (1961) The Diplomat
    • Underhill, H.1
  • 130
    • 0039806393 scopus 로고
    • Pan American clipper
    • 10 July Pan Am Records, box 20, Pan American Archives, Coral Gables, Florida
    • Pan American Clipper, 10 July 1946, Pan Am Records, box 20, Pan American Archives, Coral Gables, Florida; Fiftieth Annual Report of the Governor of Puerto Rico, Fiscal Year 1949-1950, 96-97.
    • (1946) Fiftieth Annual Report of the Governor of Puerto Rico, Fiscal Year 1949-1950 , pp. 96-97
  • 131
    • 0039214405 scopus 로고
    • 18 October On rates also see Panamerican press release, 11 May 1950, Pan Am Records, box 342
    • Saturday Review, 18 October 1952, 39-41. On rates also see Panamerican press release, 11 May 1950, Pan Am Records, box 342; and "Synopsis: Pam American's Operations to Puerto Rico," 2 June 1953, Pan Am Records, box 64.
    • (1952) Saturday Review , pp. 39-41
  • 132
    • 0040398880 scopus 로고
    • 2 June Pan Am Records, box 64
    • Saturday Review, 18 October 1952, 39-41. On rates also see Panamerican press release, 11 May 1950, Pan Am Records, box 342; and "Synopsis: Pam American's Operations to Puerto Rico," 2 June 1953, Pan Am Records, box 64.
    • (1953) Synopsis: Pam American's Operations to Puerto Rico
  • 133
    • 0039806315 scopus 로고
    • 1 December
    • Time, 1 December 1958, 31.
    • (1958) Time , pp. 31
  • 134
    • 0040819625 scopus 로고
    • 6 December
    • New York Times, 6 December 1959.
    • (1959) New York Times
  • 135
    • 0039806392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Tourist Advisory Board, 16 September 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Tourist Advisory Board, 16 September 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037.
  • 137
    • 0040993036 scopus 로고
    • San Juan: Department of Tourism, December Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037
    • "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan: Department of Tourism, December 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037.
    • (1956) Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter
  • 138
    • 0040993036 scopus 로고
    • San Juan, September Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037
    • "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, September 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, December 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; Tourist Information from a Postcard Survey of Hotel Guests (San Juan, 1962); Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
    • (1956) Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter
  • 139
    • 0040993036 scopus 로고
    • San Juan, December Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037
    • "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, September 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, December 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; Tourist Information from a Postcard Survey of Hotel Guests (San Juan, 1962); Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
    • (1956) Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter
  • 140
    • 0040993049 scopus 로고
    • San Juan
    • "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, September 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, December 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; Tourist Information from a Postcard Survey of Hotel Guests (San Juan, 1962); Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
    • (1962) Tourist Information from a Postcard Survey of Hotel Guests
  • 141
    • 0039214388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, September 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, December 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037; Tourist Information from a Postcard Survey of Hotel Guests (San Juan, 1962); Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
    • Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
  • 142
    • 0040398872 scopus 로고
    • 14 May Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038
    • "Report on Nevada Legalized Gambling," 14 May 1950, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038.
    • (1950) Report on Nevada Legalized Gambling
  • 143
    • 0039214398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hanson, Transformation, 203; Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2:106-9; Bruce Rogers Carpenter, "Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism" (Ph.D. diss., American University 1964), 145-48. On the concerns of smaller hoteliers see El Imparcial, 15 de Agoste 1949.
    • Transformation , pp. 203
    • Hanson1
  • 144
    • 0039214399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hanson, Transformation, 203; Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2:106-9; Bruce Rogers Carpenter, "Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism" (Ph.D. diss., American University 1964), 145-48. On the concerns of smaller hoteliers see El Imparcial, 15 de Agoste 1949.
    • Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , vol.2 , pp. 106-109
  • 145
    • 0040398886 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. diss., American University
    • Hanson, Transformation, 203; Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2:106-9; Bruce Rogers Carpenter, "Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism" (Ph.D. diss., American University 1964), 145-48. On the concerns of smaller hoteliers see El Imparcial, 15 de Agoste 1949.
    • (1964) Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism , pp. 145-148
    • Carpenter, B.R.1
  • 146
    • 0039806391 scopus 로고
    • 15 de Agoste
    • Hanson, Transformation, 203; Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2:106-9; Bruce Rogers Carpenter, "Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism" (Ph.D. diss., American University 1964), 145-48. On the concerns of smaller hoteliers see El Imparcial, 15 de Agoste 1949.
    • (1949) El Imparcial
  • 147
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión Puerto Rico, 269-313; Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community, 3-4, 132; Maldonado, Moscoso, 106-7; Knight, The Caribbean, 271-73; Bonnie Urciuoli, Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class (Boulder, 1996).
    • Puerto Rico , pp. 269-313
    • Carrión1
  • 148
    • 4243838504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión Puerto Rico, 269-313; Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community, 3-4, 132; Maldonado, Moscoso, 106-7; Knight, The Caribbean, 271-73; Bonnie Urciuoli, Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class (Boulder, 1996).
    • From Colonia to Community , vol.3-4 , pp. 132
    • Korrol, S.1
  • 149
    • 0040993027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión Puerto Rico, 269-313; Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community, 3-4, 132; Maldonado, Moscoso, 106-7; Knight, The Caribbean, 271-73; Bonnie Urciuoli, Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class (Boulder, 1996).
    • Moscoso , pp. 106-107
    • Maldonado1
  • 150
    • 0039214404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrión Puerto Rico, 269-313; Sánchez Korrol, From Colonia to Community, 3-4, 132; Maldonado, Moscoso, 106-7; Knight, The Caribbean, 271-73; Bonnie Urciuoli, Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class (Boulder, 1996).
    • The Caribbean , pp. 271-273
    • Knight1
  • 152
    • 0040993052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hamilton Wright to Governor Piñero, 7 May 1948, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1456; Hamilton Wright to Governor Piñero, 17 May 1948, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1436
    • Hamilton Wright to Governor Piñero, 7 May 1948, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1456; Hamilton Wright to Governor Piñero, 17 May 1948, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1436.
  • 153
    • 0040993051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hamilton Wright to Arthur Hays Sulzburger, 30 November 1950, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1435; Hamilton Wright to Teodoro Moscoso, 6 December 1948, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1436
    • Hamilton Wright to Arthur Hays Sulzburger, 30 November 1950, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1435; Hamilton Wright to Teodoro Moscoso, 6 December 1948, Oficina del Gobernador, box 1436.
  • 154
    • 0039806402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • William Ludlow to Rafael Picó, 1 enero 1947, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037
    • William Ludlow to Rafael Picó, 1 enero 1947, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; Fiftieth Annual Report of the Governor of Puerto Rico, Fiscal Year 1949-1950, 90, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037.
    • Fiftieth Annual Report of the Governor of Puerto Rico, Fiscal Year 1949-1950 , pp. 90
  • 156
    • 0040398887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teodoro Moscoso to Governor Piñero, 20 November 1947, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; Teodoro Moscoso to Fomento Board, 14 October 1946, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; Moscoso Papers, box 9
    • Teodoro Moscoso to Governor Piñero, 20 November 1947, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; Teodoro Moscoso to Fomento Board, 14 October 1946, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2003; "Puerto Rico: Showcase for Development," Moscoso Papers, box 9.
    • Puerto Rico: Showcase for Development
  • 157
    • 0040993016 scopus 로고
    • Teodoro Moscoso to Junta de Directores, Compañia de Fomento Industrial de Puerto Rico, 16 Octubre de 1946, Oficina de Gobernador, box 2003; 9 December, Hilton Hotel Corporation Collection (HCC), box 17, Conrad N. Hilton Archives, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
    • Teodoro Moscoso to Junta de Directores, Compañia de Fomento Industrial de Puerto Rico, 16 Octubre de 1946, Oficina de Gobernador, box 2003; Caribe News, 9 December, 1949, Hilton Hotel Corporation Collection (HCC), box 17, Conrad N. Hilton Archives, University of Houston, Houston, Texas. Also see Maldonado, Moscoso, 121-22.
    • (1949) Caribe News
  • 158
    • 0040993027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teodoro Moscoso to Junta de Directores, Compañia de Fomento Industrial de Puerto Rico, 16 Octubre de 1946, Oficina de Gobernador, box 2003; Caribe News, 9 December, 1949, Hilton Hotel Corporation Collection (HCC), box 17, Conrad N. Hilton Archives, University of Houston, Houston, Texas. Also see Maldonado, Moscoso, 121-22.
    • Moscoso , pp. 121-122
    • Maldonado1
  • 159
    • 0040993031 scopus 로고
    • February
    • The Hotel Monthly, February 1950; Time, 12 December 1949, 87-95; Life, 26 December 1949, 72-74; Caribe News, 9 December 1949, HHC, box 17.
    • (1950) The Hotel Monthly
  • 160
    • 0040992934 scopus 로고
    • 12 December
    • The Hotel Monthly, February 1950; Time, 12 December 1949, 87-95; Life, 26 December 1949, 72-74; Caribe News, 9 December 1949, HHC, box 17.
    • (1949) Time , pp. 87-95
  • 161
    • 0040398868 scopus 로고
    • 26 December
    • The Hotel Monthly, February 1950; Time, 12 December 1949, 87-95; Life, 26 December 1949, 72-74; Caribe News, 9 December 1949, HHC, box 17.
    • (1949) Life , pp. 72-74
  • 162
    • 0040993016 scopus 로고
    • 9 December HHC, box 17
    • The Hotel Monthly, February 1950; Time, 12 December 1949, 87-95; Life, 26 December 1949, 72-74; Caribe News, 9 December 1949, HHC, box 17.
    • (1949) Caribe News
  • 163
    • 0040993014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luis Muñoz Marín to Vice President Alben Barkely, 28 October 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039
    • Luis Muñoz Marín to Vice President Alben Barkely, 28 October 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039.
  • 164
    • 0039806377 scopus 로고
    • 26 December
    • Life, 26 December 1949, 72-74.
    • (1949) Life , pp. 72-74
  • 166
    • 0040993013 scopus 로고
    • April
    • Fiftieth Annual Report of the Governor of Puerto Rico, 90; on the Condado Beach Hotel see National Geographic, April 1951, 423.
    • (1951) National Geographic , pp. 423
  • 167
    • 0039214405 scopus 로고
    • 18 October
    • Saturday Review, 18 October 1952, 48-51.
    • (1952) Saturday Review , pp. 48-51
  • 168
    • 0010789940 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Conrad Hilton, Be My Guest (New York, 1957), 267, 265, 262.
    • (1957) Be My Guest , pp. 267
    • Hilton, C.1
  • 169
    • 0039806367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral history interview with Frank G. Wangeman, conducted by Director and Archivist Cathleen D. Baird, 28 October 1993, and 27-28 April 1996, 222, HHC
    • Oral history interview with Frank G. Wangeman, conducted by Director and Archivist Cathleen D. Baird, 28 October 1993, and 27-28 April 1996, 222, HHC.
  • 170
    • 0040993027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • V. R. Esteves to Roberto Sanchez Vilella (executive secretary, governor's staff), 25 February 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036
    • V. R. Esteves to Roberto Sanchez Vilella (executive secretary, governor's staff), 25 February 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036; Maldonado, Moscoso, 128-32.
    • Moscoso , pp. 128-132
    • Maldonado1
  • 172
    • 0039214365 scopus 로고
    • 8, 9, 16, 17 Octubre
    • El Mundo, 8, 9, 16, 17 Octubre 1952.
    • (1952) El Mundo
  • 175
    • 0040993027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maldonado, Moscoso, 124. To identify the local contractors on the Caribe Hilton examine the daily El Mundo, especially for the week of 20 December 1949.
    • Moscoso , pp. 124
    • Maldonado1
  • 176
    • 85027803985 scopus 로고
    • 20 December
    • Maldonado, Moscoso, 124. To identify the local contractors on the Caribe Hilton examine the daily El Mundo, especially for the week of 20 December 1949.
    • (1949) El Mundo
  • 179
    • 0039214363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frank T. Martocci to Carlos M. Passalacqua (president, Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company), 22 July 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038; H.C. Barton to Teodoro Moscoso and attached report, 15 February 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036
    • Frank T. Martocci to Carlos M. Passalacqua (president, Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company), 22 July 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038; H.C. Barton to Teodoro Moscoso and attached report, 15 February 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036.
  • 180
    • 0039806368 scopus 로고
    • November
    • Travel, November 1967, 52-57; Saturday Review, 12 May 1962, 52.
    • (1967) Travel , pp. 52-57
  • 181
    • 0039806312 scopus 로고
    • 12 May
    • Travel, November 1967, 52-57; Saturday Review, 12 May 1962, 52.
    • (1962) Saturday Review , pp. 52
  • 182
    • 0040992990 scopus 로고
    • 2 February
    • Saturday Review, 2 February 1963, 25.
    • (1963) Saturday Review , pp. 25
  • 183
    • 0039806317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Roberto Sanchez Vilella, 26 April 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Roberto Sanchez Vilella, 26 April 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036.
  • 184
    • 0003568452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Roberto Sanchez Vilella, 26 April 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036. On the intersection of history, memory, and commerce at Williamsburg see Durham
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Roberto Sanchez Vilella, 26 April 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036. On the intersection of history, memory, and commerce at Williamsburg see Richard Handler and Eric Gable, The New History in an Old Museum: Creating the Past at Colonial Williamsburg (Durham, 1997); and Michael Kammen, Mystic Chords of Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture (New York, 1991), 356-58.
    • (1997) The New History in an Old Museum: Creating the Past at Colonial Williamsburg
    • Handler, R.1    Gable, E.2
  • 185
    • 0003967749 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Roberto Sanchez Vilella, 26 April 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036. On the intersection of history, memory, and commerce at Williamsburg see Richard Handler and Eric Gable, The New History in an Old Museum: Creating the Past at Colonial Williamsburg (Durham, 1997); and Michael Kammen, Mystic Chords of Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture (New York, 1991), 356-58.
    • (1991) Mystic Chords of Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture , pp. 356-358
    • Kammen, M.1
  • 187
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 1 January
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 188
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 15 January
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 189
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 29 January
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 190
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 26 February
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 191
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 3 March
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 192
    • 0009315911 scopus 로고
    • 3 December
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1961) New York Times
  • 193
    • 0040992957 scopus 로고
    • 14 September
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1968) Saturday Review , pp. 50
  • 194
    • 0040992955 scopus 로고
    • April
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • (1969) Travel , pp. 30
  • 195
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • Puerto Rico , pp. 339-341
    • Carrión1
  • 196
    • 0040992952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Island Times, 1 January 1960; Island Times, 15 January 1960; Island Times, 29 January 1960; Island Times, 26 February 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960; New York Times, 3 December 1961; Saturday Review, 14 September 1968, 50; Travel, April 1969, 30; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 339-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 145-60.
    • Island of Promise , pp. 145-160
    • Gruber1
  • 201
    • 0040993036 scopus 로고
    • San Juan, September Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037
    • "Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter" (San Juan, September 1956), Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037.
    • (1956) Puerto Rican Travel Newsletter
  • 202
    • 0009341734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For an introduction to the history of Cuban tourism see Schwartz, Pleasure Island. An excellent discussion of the history of Cuban tourism can be found in Pérez, On Becoming Cuban, 165-218. Also see New York Times, 12 June 1960; and Michael M. Lafever and Cathleen Baird, "The Expropriation of the Habana Hilton: A Timely Reminder," Hospitality Industry Hall of Honor and Archives, Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management.
    • Pleasure Island
    • Schwartz1
  • 203
    • 4243308131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For an introduction to the history of Cuban tourism see Schwartz, Pleasure Island. An excellent discussion of the history of Cuban tourism can be found in Pérez, On Becoming Cuban, 165-218. Also see New York Times, 12 June 1960; and Michael M. Lafever and Cathleen Baird, "The Expropriation of the Habana Hilton: A Timely Reminder," Hospitality Industry Hall of Honor and Archives, Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management.
    • On Becoming Cuban , pp. 165-218
    • Pérez1
  • 204
    • 0038425077 scopus 로고
    • 12 June
    • For an introduction to the history of Cuban tourism see Schwartz, Pleasure Island. An excellent discussion of the history of Cuban tourism can be found in Pérez, On Becoming Cuban, 165-218. Also see New York Times, 12 June 1960; and Michael M. Lafever and Cathleen Baird, "The Expropriation of the Habana Hilton: A Timely Reminder," Hospitality Industry Hall of Honor and Archives, Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management.
    • (1960) New York Times
  • 205
    • 0040992949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospitality Industry Hall of Honor and Archives, Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management
    • For an introduction to the history of Cuban tourism see Schwartz, Pleasure Island. An excellent discussion of the history of Cuban tourism can be found in Pérez, On Becoming Cuban, 165-218. Also see New York Times, 12 June 1960; and Michael M. Lafever and Cathleen Baird, "The Expropriation of the Habana Hilton: A Timely Reminder," Hospitality Industry Hall of Honor and Archives, Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management.
    • The Expropriation of the Habana Hilton: A Timely Reminder
    • Lafever, M.M.1    Baird, C.2
  • 206
    • 0039806312 scopus 로고
    • 13 October
    • Saturday Review, 13 October 1962.
    • (1962) Saturday Review
  • 207
    • 0039214300 scopus 로고
    • 28 March
    • US News and World Report, 28 March 1960, 55; Time, 23 June 1958, 34.
    • (1960) US News and World Report , pp. 55
  • 208
    • 0039214234 scopus 로고
    • 23 June
    • US News and World Report, 28 March 1960, 55; Time, 23 June 1958, 34.
    • (1958) Time , pp. 34
  • 209
    • 0039806220 scopus 로고
    • 2 May
    • Time, 2 May 1949; Time, 23 June 1958.
    • (1949) Time
  • 210
    • 0039806221 scopus 로고
    • 23 June
    • Time, 2 May 1949; Time, 23 June 1958.
    • (1958) Time
  • 211
    • 0040992946 scopus 로고
    • April
    • Travel, April 1961, 22-25; Hanson, Transformation; Hancock, Puerto Rico; Aitken, Poet in the Fortress; Adolph Berle, "Polity By the Sea," Saturday Review, 17 October 1964, 40-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 205-14, Gruber's book, published as both a journalistic account and a travel guide, articulated as well as any Puerto Rico's special attraction. The Herald Tribune writer described Puerto Rico as a nation with which the United States shared a spiritual bond. Its political system was based on constitutional principles and a respect for human dignity. Its social programs, such as the rural housing program where the government provided materials and the recipients the labor, were based on self-help. One chapter drew analogies between Puerto Rico and Israel: "new democracies on old soil, pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, with strong and emotional ties to the United States."
    • (1961) Travel , pp. 22-25
  • 212
    • 0039214398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Travel, April 1961, 22-25; Hanson, Transformation; Hancock, Puerto Rico; Aitken, Poet in the Fortress; Adolph Berle, "Polity By the Sea," Saturday Review, 17 October 1964, 40-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 205-14, Gruber's book, published as both a journalistic account and a travel guide, articulated as well as any Puerto Rico's special attraction. The Herald Tribune writer described Puerto Rico as a nation with which the United States shared a spiritual bond. Its political system was based on constitutional principles and a respect for human dignity. Its social programs, such as the rural housing program where the government provided materials and the recipients the labor, were based on self-help. One chapter drew analogies between Puerto Rico and Israel: "new democracies on old soil, pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, with strong and emotional ties to the United States."
    • Transformation
    • Hanson1
  • 213
    • 84974113393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Travel, April 1961, 22-25; Hanson, Transformation; Hancock, Puerto Rico; Aitken, Poet in the Fortress; Adolph Berle, "Polity By the Sea," Saturday Review, 17 October 1964, 40-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 205-14, Gruber's book, published as both a journalistic account and a travel guide, articulated as well as any Puerto Rico's special attraction. The Herald Tribune writer described Puerto Rico as a nation with which the United States shared a spiritual bond. Its political system was based on constitutional principles and a respect for human dignity. Its social programs, such as the rural housing program where the government provided materials and the recipients the labor, were based on self-help. One chapter drew analogies between Puerto Rico and Israel: "new democracies on old soil, pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, with strong and emotional ties to the United States."
    • Puerto Rico
    • Hancock1
  • 214
    • 0040398890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Travel, April 1961, 22-25; Hanson, Transformation; Hancock, Puerto Rico; Aitken, Poet in the Fortress; Adolph Berle, "Polity By the Sea," Saturday Review, 17 October 1964, 40-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 205-14, Gruber's book, published as both a journalistic account and a travel guide, articulated as well as any Puerto Rico's special attraction. The Herald Tribune writer described Puerto Rico as a nation with which the United States shared a spiritual bond. Its political system was based on constitutional principles and a respect for human dignity. Its social programs, such as the rural housing program where the government provided materials and the recipients the labor, were based on self-help. One chapter drew analogies between Puerto Rico and Israel: "new democracies on old soil, pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, with strong and emotional ties to the United States."
    • Poet in the Fortress
    • Aitken1
  • 215
    • 0040398800 scopus 로고
    • Polity by the Sea
    • 17 October
    • Travel, April 1961, 22-25; Hanson, Transformation; Hancock, Puerto Rico; Aitken, Poet in the Fortress; Adolph Berle, "Polity By the Sea," Saturday Review, 17 October 1964, 40-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 205-14, Gruber's book, published as both a journalistic account and a travel guide, articulated as well as any Puerto Rico's special attraction. The Herald Tribune writer described Puerto Rico as a nation with which the United States shared a spiritual bond. Its political system was based on constitutional principles and a respect for human dignity. Its social programs, such as the rural housing program where the government provided materials and the recipients the labor, were based on self-help. One chapter drew analogies between Puerto Rico and Israel: "new democracies on old soil, pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, with strong and emotional ties to the United States."
    • (1964) Saturday Review , pp. 40-41
    • Berle, A.1
  • 216
    • 0040992952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gruber's book, published as both a journalistic account and a travel guide, articulated as well as any Puerto Rico's special attraction. The Herald Tribune writer described Puerto Rico as a nation with which the United States shared a spiritual bond. Its political system was based on constitutional principles and a respect for human dignity. Its social programs, such as the rural housing program where the government provided materials and the recipients the labor, were based on self-help. One chapter drew analogies between Puerto Rico and Israel: "new democracies on old soil, pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, with strong and emotional ties to the United States."
    • Travel, April 1961, 22-25; Hanson, Transformation; Hancock, Puerto Rico; Aitken, Poet in the Fortress; Adolph Berle, "Polity By the Sea," Saturday Review, 17 October 1964, 40-41; Gruber, Island of Promise, 205-14, Gruber's book, published as both a journalistic account and a travel guide, articulated as well as any Puerto Rico's special attraction. The Herald Tribune writer described Puerto Rico as a nation with which the United States shared a spiritual bond. Its political system was based on constitutional principles and a respect for human dignity. Its social programs, such as the rural housing program where the government provided materials and the recipients the labor, were based on self-help. One chapter drew analogies between Puerto Rico and Israel: "new democracies on old soil, pulling themselves up by their bootstraps, with strong and emotional ties to the United States."
    • Island of Promise , pp. 205-214
    • Gruber1
  • 217
    • 0039806312 scopus 로고
    • 13 October
    • Saturday Review, 13 October 1962; "The Executive Life in Puerto Rico," Moscoso Papers, box 7; Harold Underhill, "New U.S Envoy to Venezuela is Man of Vision and Vigor," June 1961, Moscoso Papers, box 8.
    • (1962) Saturday Review
  • 218
    • 0039806306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moscoso Papers, box 7
    • Saturday Review, 13 October 1962; "The Executive Life in Puerto Rico," Moscoso Papers, box 7; Harold Underhill, "New U.S Envoy to Venezuela is Man of Vision and Vigor," June 1961, Moscoso Papers, box 8.
    • The Executive Life in Puerto Rico
  • 220
    • 0040819625 scopus 로고
    • 3 December
    • New York Times, 3 December 1959.
    • (1959) New York Times
  • 221
    • 0038425077 scopus 로고
    • 3 March
    • New York Times, 3 March 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960.
    • (1960) New York Times
  • 222
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 3 March
    • New York Times, 3 March 1960; Island Times, 3 March 1960.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 223
    • 0039806301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moscoso Papers, box 9
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems, Moscoso Papers, box 9; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 299; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), 195, 764-65, 790-91; Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onís, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (Chicago, 1970); Latham, Modernization as Ideology; Stephen G. Rabe, "The Caribbean Triangle," Diplomatic History 20 (Winter 1996): 55-78; idem, The Most Dangerous Area in the World.
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems
  • 224
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems, Moscoso Papers, box 9; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 299; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), 195, 764-65, 790-91; Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onís, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (Chicago, 1970); Latham, Modernization as Ideology; Stephen G. Rabe, "The Caribbean Triangle," Diplomatic History 20 (Winter 1996): 55-78; idem, The Most Dangerous Area in the World.
    • Puerto Rico , pp. 299
    • Carrión1
  • 225
    • 0003434603 scopus 로고
    • Boston
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems, Moscoso Papers, box 9; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 299; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), 195, 764-65, 790-91; Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onís, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (Chicago, 1970); Latham, Modernization as Ideology; Stephen G. Rabe, "The Caribbean Triangle," Diplomatic History 20 (Winter 1996): 55-78; idem, The Most Dangerous Area in the World.
    • (1965) A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House , pp. 195
    • Schlesinger A., Jr.1
  • 226
    • 0004203284 scopus 로고
    • Chicago
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems, Moscoso Papers, box 9; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 299; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), 195, 764-65, 790-91; Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onís, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (Chicago, 1970); Latham, Modernization as Ideology; Stephen G. Rabe, "The Caribbean Triangle," Diplomatic History 20 (Winter 1996): 55-78; idem, The Most Dangerous Area in the World.
    • (1970) The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress
    • Levinson, J.1    De Onís, J.2
  • 227
    • 0039214319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems, Moscoso Papers, box 9; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 299; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), 195, 764-65, 790-91; Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onís, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (Chicago, 1970); Latham, Modernization as Ideology; Stephen G. Rabe, "The Caribbean Triangle," Diplomatic History 20 (Winter 1996): 55-78; idem, The Most Dangerous Area in the World.
    • Modernization As Ideology
    • Latham1
  • 228
    • 0039806308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Caribbean triangle
    • Winter
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems, Moscoso Papers, box 9; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 299; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), 195, 764-65, 790-91; Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onís, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (Chicago, 1970); Latham, Modernization as Ideology; Stephen G. Rabe, "The Caribbean Triangle," Diplomatic History 20 (Winter 1996): 55-78; idem, The Most Dangerous Area in the World.
    • (1996) Diplomatic History , vol.20 , pp. 55-78
    • Rabe, S.G.1
  • 229
    • 0011412264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the Task Force on Immediate Latin American Problems, Moscoso Papers, box 9; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 299; Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), 195, 764-65, 790-91; Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onís, The Alliance That Lost Its Way: A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress (Chicago, 1970); Latham, Modernization as Ideology; Stephen G. Rabe, "The Caribbean Triangle," Diplomatic History 20 (Winter 1996): 55-78; idem, The Most Dangerous Area in the World.
    • The Most Dangerous Area in the World
    • Rabe, S.G.1
  • 231
    • 4243855957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • oral history interview, 15, Kennedy Library
    • Luis Muñoz Marín, oral history interview, 15, Kennedy Library.
    • Marín, L.M.1
  • 232
    • 0039806219 scopus 로고
    • 23 June
    • On the La Concha see Time, 23 June 1958; and on the El San Juan see Puerto Rico World Journal, 17 July 1956, 1 August 1956. On hotel building outside of San Juan see Puerto Rican Economic Development Administration, Selected Statistics on the Visitors and Hotel Industry in Puerto Rico, October 1963, 13-14.
    • (1958) Time
  • 233
    • 0039806307 scopus 로고
    • 17 July 1956, 1 August
    • On the La Concha see Time, 23 June 1958; and on the El San Juan see Puerto Rico World Journal, 17 July 1956, 1 August 1956. On hotel building outside of San Juan see Puerto Rican Economic Development Administration, Selected Statistics on the Visitors and Hotel Industry in Puerto Rico, October 1963, 13-14.
    • (1956) Puerto Rico World Journal
  • 234
    • 0039806215 scopus 로고
    • October
    • On the La Concha see Time, 23 June 1958; and on the El San Juan see Puerto Rico World Journal, 17 July 1956, 1 August 1956. On hotel building outside of San Juan see Puerto Rican Economic Development Administration, Selected Statistics on the Visitors and Hotel Industry in Puerto Rico, October 1963, 13-14.
    • (1963) Selected Statistics on the Visitors and Hotel Industry in Puerto Rico , pp. 13-14
  • 235
    • 0040398675 scopus 로고
    • 1 December
    • Time, 1 December 1958, 31.
    • (1958) Time , pp. 31
  • 237
    • 0039806222 scopus 로고
    • 8 January
    • Time, 8 January 1965, 24; San Juan Star, 27 June 1971; Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2:13-21; Krause and Jud, International Tourism, 6.
    • (1965) Time , pp. 24
  • 238
    • 0040398721 scopus 로고
    • 27 June
    • Time, 8 January 1965, 24; San Juan Star, 27 June 1971; Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2:13-21; Krause and Jud, International Tourism, 6.
    • (1971) San Juan Star
  • 240
    • 0040398796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time, 8 January 1965, 24; San Juan Star, 27 June 1971; Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 2:13-21; Krause and Jud, International Tourism, 6.
    • International Tourism , pp. 6
    • Krause1    Jud2
  • 241
    • 77949844712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compelling critiques of Operation Bootstrap can be found in Dietz, Economic History, 340-410; Morley, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in López, ed., The Puerto Ricans, 171-211; and Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps. On the incomes of the U.S. tourists see Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador) a Sra. Belen C. Brown (Fomento), 10 Febrero 1953, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037, APGR; "The Effectiveness of Travel Advertising," The Puerto Rican Visitor's Bureau, 31 January 1952, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038; and "The Tourism Industry of Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, 1978, box 143.
    • Economic History , pp. 340-410
    • Dietz1
  • 242
    • 0039806300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence and development in Puerto Rico
    • López, ed.
    • Compelling critiques of Operation Bootstrap can be found in Dietz, Economic History, 340-410; Morley, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in López, ed., The Puerto Ricans, 171-211; and Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps. On the incomes of the U.S. tourists see Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador) a Sra. Belen C. Brown (Fomento), 10 Febrero 1953, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037, APGR; "The Effectiveness of Travel Advertising," The Puerto Rican Visitor's Bureau, 31 January 1952, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038; and "The Tourism Industry of Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, 1978, box 143.
    • The Puerto Ricans , pp. 171-211
    • Morley1
  • 243
    • 0039214298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the incomes of the U.S. tourists see Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador) a Sra. Belen C. Brown (Fomento), 10 Febrero 1953, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037, APGR
    • Compelling critiques of Operation Bootstrap can be found in Dietz, Economic History, 340-410; Morley, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in López, ed., The Puerto Ricans, 171-211; and Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps. On the incomes of the U.S. tourists see Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador) a Sra. Belen C. Brown (Fomento), 10 Febrero 1953, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037, APGR; "The Effectiveness of Travel Advertising," The Puerto Rican Visitor's Bureau, 31 January 1952, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038; and "The Tourism Industry of Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, 1978, box 143.
    • Factories and Foodstamps
    • Weisskoff1
  • 244
    • 0040992936 scopus 로고
    • The Puerto Rican Visitor's Bureau, 31 January Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038
    • Compelling critiques of Operation Bootstrap can be found in Dietz, Economic History, 340-410; Morley, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in López, ed., The Puerto Ricans, 171-211; and Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps. On the incomes of the U.S. tourists see Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador) a Sra. Belen C. Brown (Fomento), 10 Febrero 1953, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037, APGR; "The Effectiveness of Travel Advertising," The Puerto Rican Visitor's Bureau, 31 January 1952, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038; and "The Tourism Industry of Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, 1978, box 143.
    • (1952) The Effectiveness of Travel Advertising
  • 245
    • 0040397668 scopus 로고
    • Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, box 143
    • Compelling critiques of Operation Bootstrap can be found in Dietz, Economic History, 340-410; Morley, "Dependence and Development in Puerto Rico," in López, ed., The Puerto Ricans, 171-211; and Weisskoff, Factories and Foodstamps. On the incomes of the U.S. tourists see Marco A. Rigau (Ayudante Ejecutivo del Gobernador) a Sra. Belen C. Brown (Fomento), 10 Febrero 1953, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2037, APGR; "The Effectiveness of Travel Advertising," The Puerto Rican Visitor's Bureau, 31 January 1952, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2038; and "The Tourism Industry of Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, 1978, box 143.
    • (1978) The Tourism Industry of Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978
  • 246
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Muñoz Marín, 8 July 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036; 22 January
    • J. Stanton Robbins to Muñoz Marín, 8 July 1949, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036; Island Times, 22 January 1960.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 248
    • 0039214274 scopus 로고
    • 26 Avril
    • El Mundo, 26 Avril 1960.
    • (1960) El Mundo
  • 249
    • 0040992957 scopus 로고
    • 6 January
    • Saturday Review, 6 January 1968, 52-54.
    • (1968) Saturday Review , pp. 52-54
  • 250
    • 0040398758 scopus 로고
    • Enero March 1960, January
    • For example, see Claridad, Enero 1959, March 1960, January 1960.
    • (1959) Claridad
  • 252
    • 0039214313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carlos M. Passalacqua (general manager, Fomento) to William Land (general manager, Caribe Hilton), 6 October 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039
    • Carlos M. Passalacqua (general manager, Fomento) to William Land (general manager, Caribe Hilton), 6 October 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039.
  • 254
  • 256
    • 0040398774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carl Hilton to Conrad Hilton, 16 January 1950, HHC, box 3
    • Carl Hilton to Conrad Hilton, 16 January 1950, HHC, box 3.
  • 257
    • 0040398791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carlos M. Passalacqua (Fomento) to Laurence Rockefeller, 4 March 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039
    • Carlos M. Passalacqua (Fomento) to Laurence Rockefeller, 4 March 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039.
  • 258
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 26 February 8 July 1960
    • The Island Times, 26 February 1960; 8 July 1960.
    • (1960) The Island Times
  • 261
    • 0039214365 scopus 로고
    • 9 de octubre de
    • El Mundo, 9 de octubre de 1952.
    • (1952) El Mundo
  • 262
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 11 March
    • The Island Times, 11 March 1960. Background on San Juan's gay subculture can be found in the tourist guidebook Access: Gay U.S.A. (New York, 1998). On the challenges facing the contemporary gay community in San Juan see Peggy Ann Bliss, "A Cloud over the Gayest Little Island," San Juan Star, 20 February 1995; and San Juan Star, 13 February, 5 June, 6 June 1995.
    • (1960) The Island Times
  • 263
    • 0040992906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The Island Times, 11 March 1960. Background on San Juan's gay subculture can be found in the tourist guidebook Access: Gay U.S.A. (New York, 1998). On the challenges facing the contemporary gay community in San Juan see Peggy Ann Bliss, "A Cloud over the Gayest Little Island," San Juan Star, 20 February 1995; and San Juan Star, 13 February, 5 June, 6 June 1995.
    • (1998) Access: Gay U.S.A.
  • 264
    • 0039806262 scopus 로고
    • A cloud over the Gayest Little Island
    • 20 February
    • The Island Times, 11 March 1960. Background on San Juan's gay subculture can be found in the tourist guidebook Access: Gay U.S.A. (New York, 1998). On the challenges facing the contemporary gay community in San Juan see Peggy Ann Bliss, "A Cloud over the Gayest Little Island," San Juan Star, 20 February 1995; and San Juan Star, 13 February, 5 June, 6 June 1995.
    • (1995) San Juan Star
    • Bliss, P.A.1
  • 265
    • 0039214286 scopus 로고
    • 13 February, 5 June, 6 June
    • The Island Times, 11 March 1960. Background on San Juan's gay subculture can be found in the tourist guidebook Access: Gay U.S.A. (New York, 1998). On the challenges facing the contemporary gay community in San Juan see Peggy Ann Bliss, "A Cloud over the Gayest Little Island," San Juan Star, 20 February 1995; and San Juan Star, 13 February, 5 June, 6 June 1995.
    • (1995) San Juan Star
  • 266
    • 0039806278 scopus 로고
    • November
    • Claridad, November 1960.
    • (1960) Claridad
  • 268
    • 0039806280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • José Raúl Cancío (legal consel) to Gustavo Agrait (executive assistant to the governor), 9 de enero de 1950, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039
    • José Raúl Cancío (legal consel) to Gustavo Agrait (executive assistant to the governor), 9 de enero de 1950, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039.
  • 269
    • 0040398720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral history interview with Frank G. Wangeman, 27, HHC; Conrad Hilton to Frank Wangeman, 7 May 1951, HHC, box 4; Conrad Hilton to Guillermo Rodriguez (Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company) 16 March 1951, HHC, box 4
    • Oral history interview with Frank G. Wangeman, 27, HHC; Conrad Hilton to Frank Wangeman, 7 May 1951, HHC, box 4; Conrad Hilton to Guillermo Rodriguez (Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company) 16 March 1951, HHC, box 4.
  • 270
    • 0039806287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Esteban Bird to Teodoro Moscoso, 19 February 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039
    • Esteban Bird to Teodoro Moscoso, 19 February 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039.
  • 271
    • 0040398767 scopus 로고
    • 22, 24, 26, 29 de enero de
    • The strike was reported extensively in San Juan's newspapers including, El Mundo, 22, 24, 26, 29 de enero de 1955; Imparcial 25, 28, 29 de enero de 1955.
    • (1955) El Mundo
  • 272
    • 0039806279 scopus 로고
    • 25, 28, 29 de enero de
    • The strike was reported extensively in San Juan's newspapers including, El Mundo, 22, 24, 26, 29 de enero de 1955; Imparcial 25, 28, 29 de enero de 1955.
    • (1955) Imparcial
  • 273
    • 0040398775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memorandum to Gobernador Luis Muñoz Marín, 26 de enero de 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039; Teodoro Moscoso to Luis Muñoz Marín, 28 de enero de 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039
    • Memorandum to Gobernador Luis Muñoz Marín, 26 de enero de 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039; Teodoro Moscoso to Luis Muñoz Marín, 28 de enero de 1955, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2039.
  • 276
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 8 April
    • The rising crime rate is lamented in Island Times, 8 April 1960; and Puerto Rico World Journal, 12 May 1956 and 16 May 1960.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 277
    • 0040398797 scopus 로고
    • 12 May and 16 May
    • The rising crime rate is lamented in Island Times, 8 April 1960; and Puerto Rico World Journal, 12 May 1956 and 16 May 1960.
    • (1956) Puerto Rico World Journal
  • 278
    • 0039806314 scopus 로고
    • 5 February
    • Island Times, 5 February 1960.
    • (1960) Island Times
  • 279
    • 0039214230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. Vidal a Gobernador, 23 de noviembre 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036
    • T. Vidal a Gobernador, 23 de noviembre 1954, Oficina del Gobernador, box 2036.
  • 280
    • 0040992905 scopus 로고
    • 16 February
    • Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1962) Island Times
  • 281
    • 0040992905 scopus 로고
    • 30 March
    • Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1962) Island Times
  • 282
    • 0039214299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 April
    • Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1996) San Juan Star
  • 283
    • 0009315911 scopus 로고
    • 3 December
    • Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1961) New York Times
  • 284
  • 285
    • 0039806388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quoted in Gruber, Island of Promise, 167; Carrión, Puerto Rico, 338-43.
    • Puerto Rico , pp. 338-343
    • Carrión1
  • 286
    • 0003488113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 41; Puerto Rico World Journal, 21 June 1956, 7 July 1956; interview with Ricardo Alegría.
    • Sponsored Identities , pp. 41
    • Davila1
  • 287
    • 0039214301 scopus 로고
    • 21 June 1956, 7 July interview with Ricardo Alegría
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 41; Puerto Rico World Journal, 21 June 1956, 7 July 1956; interview with Ricardo Alegría.
    • (1956) Puerto Rico World Journal
  • 288
    • 0003488113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 40; Margarita Flores Collazo, "La Lucha For La Nación: El Debate En Torno A La Creación Del Institute De Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1955," Op. Cit., 10 (1998): 175-200; interview with Ricardo Alegría; Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times, 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • Sponsored Identities , pp. 40
    • Davila1
  • 289
    • 0039806223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La Lucha For La Nación: El Debate En Torno A La Creación Del Institute De Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1955
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 40; Margarita Flores Collazo, "La Lucha For La Nación: El Debate En Torno A La Creación Del Institute De Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1955," Op. Cit., 10 (1998): 175-200; interview with Ricardo Alegría; Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times, 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1998) Sponsored Identities , vol.10 , pp. 175-200
    • Collazo, M.F.1
  • 290
    • 0040992905 scopus 로고
    • 16 February
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 40; Margarita Flores Collazo, "La Lucha For La Nación: El Debate En Torno A La Creación Del Institute De Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1955," Op. Cit., 10 (1998): 175-200; interview with Ricardo Alegría; Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times, 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1962) Island Times
    • Alegría1    , R.2
  • 291
    • 0040992905 scopus 로고
    • 30 March
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 40; Margarita Flores Collazo, "La Lucha For La Nación: El Debate En Torno A La Creación Del Institute De Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1955," Op. Cit., 10 (1998): 175-200; interview with Ricardo Alegría; Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times, 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1962) Island Times
  • 292
    • 0039214299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 April
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 40; Margarita Flores Collazo, "La Lucha For La Nación: El Debate En Torno A La Creación Del Institute De Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1955," Op. Cit., 10 (1998): 175-200; interview with Ricardo Alegría; Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times, 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1996) San Juan Star
  • 293
    • 0009315911 scopus 로고
    • 3 December
    • Davila, Sponsored Identities, 40; Margarita Flores Collazo, "La Lucha For La Nación: El Debate En Torno A La Creación Del Institute De Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1955," Op. Cit., 10 (1998): 175-200; interview with Ricardo Alegría; Island Times, 16 February 1962; Island Times, 30 March 1962; San Juan Star, 15 April 1996; New York Times, 3 December 1961.
    • (1961) New York Times
  • 295
    • 0040398719 scopus 로고
    • 1 December
    • Time, 1 December 1958, 57.
    • (1958) Time , pp. 57
  • 297
    • 0039214302 scopus 로고
    • Office of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Washington, DC
    • On GNP see "Puerto Rico, U.S.A.," Office of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Washington, DC, 1969. On job creation see "The Tourism Industry in Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, box 143; and Carpenter, "Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism," 5.
    • (1969) Puerto Rico, U.S.A.
  • 298
    • 0040992851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, box 143
    • On GNP see "Puerto Rico, U.S.A.," Office of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Washington, DC, 1969. On job creation see "The Tourism Industry in Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, box 143; and Carpenter, "Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism," 5.
    • The Tourism Industry in Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978
  • 299
    • 0040398782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On GNP see "Puerto Rico, U.S.A.," Office of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Washington, DC, 1969. On job creation see "The Tourism Industry in Puerto Rico: Selected Statistics, 1977-1978," Tourism Company of Puerto Rico, box 143; and Carpenter, "Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism," 5.
    • Puerto Rico's Planned Development of Tourism , pp. 5
    • Carpenter1
  • 300
    • 0040398790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 3:51-52; 7:49-53; San Juan Star, 12 May 1971; interview with Carlos Diago, former Puerto Rican Tourism Bureau official and Professor of Business at Sacred Heart University, Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 10 June 1999.
    • The Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , vol.3 , pp. 51-52
  • 301
    • 0040398783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 3:51-52; 7:49-53; San Juan Star, 12 May 1971; interview with Carlos Diago, former Puerto Rican Tourism Bureau official and Professor of Business at Sacred Heart University, Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 10 June 1999.
    • The Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , vol.7 , pp. 49-53
  • 302
    • 0040398721 scopus 로고
    • 12 May interview with Carlos Diago, former Puerto Rican Tourism Bureau official and Professor of Business at Sacred Heart University, Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 10 June 1999
    • The Development of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 3:51-52; 7:49-53; San Juan Star, 12 May 1971; interview with Carlos Diago, former Puerto Rican Tourism Bureau official and Professor of Business at Sacred Heart University, Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 10 June 1999.
    • (1971) San Juan Star
  • 303
    • 0040992903 scopus 로고
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.