The impact of federal IRM on agency missions: Findings, issues, and recommendations

Government Information Quarterly

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 235-253

  Bertot, John Carlo ^a  

^a University of Marylandw Baltimore County   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038875405     PISSN: 0740624X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0740-624X(97)90003-4     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Commission on Federal Paperwork. A Report of the Commission on Federal Paperwork: Information Resources Management. 1977;Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
2. Owen Darrell E. IRM Concepts: Building Blocks for the 1990s. Information Management Review. 5:1989;19-28.
3. Trauth Eileen M., Kahn Beverly, Warden Francena. Information Literacy: An Introduction to Information Systems. 1991;Macmillan, New York.
4. Boaden Richard, Lockett George. Information Technology, Information Systems, and Information Management: Definition and Development. European Journal of Information Systems. 1:1991;23-32.
5. Horton Forrest W. Information Resources Management: An Overview. 44th FID Conference and Congress, August 28-September 1, 1988, Part 2. Koshiala S., Repo A. 44th FID Conference and Congress. 1988;Finish Society for Information Services, Finland.
6. Lytle Richard H. Information Resources Management: 1981-1986. Williams M.E. Annual Review of Information Sciences and Technology. Vol. 21:1986;303-336. White Plains, NY.
7. Owen Darrell E. IRM: Obstacles Toward Success. Journal of Systems Management. 38:1987;16.
8. Porter Michael E., Millar Victor E. How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage. Harvard Business Review. 63:July-August, 1985;149-160.
9. Wiseman Charles. Strategic Information Systems. Information Management Review. 4:1988;9-16.
10. General Accounting Office. Executive Guide: Improving Mission Performance Through Strategic Information Management and Technology. 1994;General Accounting Office, Washington, D.C. GAO/AIMD-94-115.
11. National Performance Review. Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less. September 7, 1993;Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
12. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, P.L. 104-13. 1995;Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
13. Marchand Donald A. Infotrends: A 1990s Outlook on Strategic Information Management. Information Management Review. 5:1990;23-32.
14. Marchand Donald A., Horton Forrest W. Infotrends: Profiting from Your Information Resources. 1986;Wiley, New York.
15. Horton Forrest W. Information Resources Management: Concept and Cases. 1979;Association for System Management, Cleveland, OH.
16. Marchand Donald A. Information Management: Strategies and Tools in Transition. Information Management Review. 1:1985;27-34.
17. Program and IRM manager interview protocols, as well as surveys, were pre-tested with both program and IRM managers within federal agencies. The author incorporated comments on these data collection instruments prior to final instrument development. Additional methodological information is available from the author upon request.
18. Caudle Sharon L. Federal Information Resources Management: Bridging Vision and Action. 1987;National Academy of Public Administration, Washington, D.C.
19. Holden Stephen H. Managing Information Technology in the Federal Government: Assessing the Development and Application of Agengy-wide Policies. Government Information Quarterly. 13:1996;65-82.
20. General Services Administration, Office of Information Technology Policy and Leadership, 1995 Federal IRM Directory (available: http://www.itpolicy.gsa.gov/irmdir/irmd/index.html).
21. See Sharon L. Caudle, Federal Information Resources Management: Bridging Vision and Action. Based on the 1986 President's Budget, she categorized bureaus into "large" and "small" based on budget allocations, with large bureaus having budgets of over $556,514,000 and small bureaus having budgets of under $556,514,000. This figure is the median budget allocation. Caudle only considered bureaus with over 500 direct full-time permanent authorized positions.
22. Fowler Floyd J. Survey Research Methods. 2nd ed. 1993;Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
23. Babbie Earl. Survey Research Methods. 2nd ed. 1990;Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA.
24. Leadership Directories. Federal Yellow Book. Fall 1996;Leadership Directories, Inc. Washington, D.C.
25. Earl J. Babbie, Survey Research Methods, 2nd ed.
26. A majority of both IRM and program managers (59.3% and 58.6%, respectively) possessed a graduate degree. IRM managers tended to have degrees in computer science/mathemtics (22.2%), social sciences (20.4%), and the natural sciences (20.4%). Program managers tended to have degrees in the social sciences (28.8%), business (24.3%), and the natural sciences (17.1%).
27. Detailed data analysis technique information is available from the author upon request.
28. Goodhue Dale L., Kirsh Laurie J., Quillard Judith A., Wibo Michel D. Strategic Data Planning: Lessons from the Field. MIS Quarterly. 16:1992;11-34.
29. Lind Mary R., Zmud Robert W., Fisher William A. Microcomputer Adoption - The Impact of Organizational Size and Structure. Information & Management. 16:1989;157-162.
30. Goodhue et al., "Strategic Data Planning: Lessons from the Field."
31. Bretschneider Stuart I., Wittmer Dennis. Organizational Adoption of Microcomputer Technology. Information Systems Research. 4:1993;88-108.
32. Nosek James T. Organization Design Strategies to Enhance Information Resources Management. Information & Management. 16:1989;81-91.
33. Donald A. Marchand & Forrest W. Horton, Infotrends: Profiting from Your Information Resources.
34. VanLengen Craig A., Morgan James N. Chargeback and Maturity of IS Use. Information & Management. 25:1993;155-163.
35. Tyre Marcie J., Orlikowski Wanda J. Exploiting Opportunities for Technological Improvement in Organizations. Sloan Management Review. 35:1993;13-26.
36. Rogers Everette M. Diffusion of Innovation. 3rd ed. 1983;Free Press, New York.
37. Mintzberg Henry. The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning: Reconceiving Roles for Planning, Plans, Planners. 1994;The Free Press, New York. A detailed discussion of this approach is beyond the scope of this article. See.
38. Mintzberg Henry. The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning: Reconceiving Roles for Planning, Plans, Planners. 1994;The Free Press, New York. A detailed discussion of this approach is beyond the scope of this article. See.
39. Premkumar G., King William R. In this study, the constructs of effectiveness and adequacy were multi-dimensional. The authors asked several survey questions to assess program area and IRM planning effectiveness (e.g, ability to achieve overall agency objectives and ability to improve communications between the IRM unit and program areas) and adequacy (e.g., expertise of planning activity participants and top management involvement). Organizational Characteristics and Information Systems Planning: An Empirical Study. Information Systems Research. 5:1994;75-109 Complete copies of the survey used for this study are available from the author upon request.
40. Mary R. Lind, Robert W. Zmud & Willaim A. Fisher, "Microcomputer Adoption - The Impact of Organizational Size and Structure," p. 158.
41. Goodhue et al. Make a similar argument for strategic planning processes. See Goodhue et al., "Strategic Data Planning: Lessons from the Field."
42. McClure Charles R. Promoting Education for Information Resources Management in the Federal Government. Government Information Quarterly. 12:1995;1-11.
43. Henry Mintzerg, The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning: Reconceiving Roles for Planning, Plans, Planners.
44. Brooks Frederick P. The Mythical Man-month: Essays on Software Engineering Anniversary Edition. 1995;Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
45. Goodhue et al., "Strategic Data Planning: Lessons from the Field."
46. Frederick P. Brooks, The Mythical Man-month: Essays on Software Engineering Anniversary Edition, p. 14.
47. Goodhue et al., "Strategic Data Planning: Lessons from the Field."
48. "Time out" is a GSA term for what are suspended and/or dramatically slowed agency IT-related projects. These are projects that GSA determines to be headed for financial disaster, and putting a project in "time out" is an attempt to avert project disaster.
49. Bozeman Barry, Straussman Jeffrey D. Public Management Strategies: Guidelines for Managerial Effectiveness. 1990;33 Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA.
50. Takahashi Dean. Intel Shifts Its Focus to Long-Term, Original Research. Wall Street Journal. August 26, 1996;B4.
51. Boynton Andrew C., Jacobs Gerry C., Zmud Robert W. Whose Responsibility is IT Management? Sloan Management Review. 33:1992;32-38.
52. Benjamin Robert I., Blunt Jon. Critical IT Issues: The Next Ten Years. Sloan Management Review. 33:1992;7-19.
53. LeBlau Ronald E., Sobkowiak Roger T. Resolving Paradoxes of Change: Achieving Purposeful Change in IS. Information Systems Management. 10:1993;7-12 This study did not specifically explore the issue of IRM unit centralization and decentralization.
54. National Performance Review, Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less; General Accounting Office, Executive Guide: Improving Mission Performance Through Strategic Information Management and Technology.
55. Office of Management and Budget. Memorandum for Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Funding Information Systems Investment. October 25, 1996;Office of Management and Budget, Washington, D.C. M-97-02.
56. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, P.L. 104-13.
57. Information Technology Management and Reform Act of 1996, P.L. 104-106.
58. Beachboard John C., McClure Charles R. Managing Federal Information Technology: Conflicting Policies and Competing Philosophies. Government Information Quarterly. 13:1996;15-33.
59. Lewin Katie, Sprehe J. Timothy. Information Management in Federal Agencies: The Neglected Piece of the IRM Puzzle. Government Information Quarterly. 13:1996;51-63.
60. Holden Stephen H. Managing Information Technology in the Federal Government: New Policies for an Information Age. 1994;Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
61. Plocher David. The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995: A Second Chance for Information Resources Management. Government Information Quarterly. 13:1996;35-50.
62. Charles R. McClure, "Promoting Education for Information Resources Management in the Federal Government."
63. Osborne David, Gaebler Ted. Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. 1992;Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
64. See John Carlo Bertot and Charles R. McClure, this issue.