Lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia complex

Journal of Endotoxin Research

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 201-213

  Vinion Dubiel, Arlene D ^a   Goldberg, Joanna B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; O ANTIGEN; POLYMYXIN; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL CELL; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BIOREMEDIATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA; CELL DAMAGE; CELL SURFACE; CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LUNG INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PLANT DISEASE; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SEROTYPE; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION;

ANIMALS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA COMPLEX; BURKHOLDERIA INFECTIONS; HUMANS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; O ANTIGENS; SEROTYPING;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BURKHOLDERIA; BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA; NEGIBACTERIA;

EID: 0038785886     PISSN: 09680519     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/096805103225001404     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. Burkholder WH. Sour skin, a bacterial rot of onion bulbs. Phytopathology 1950; 40: 115-117.
2. Yabuuchi E, Kosako Y, Oyaizu H et al. Proposal of Burkholderia gen. nov. and transfer of seven species of the genus Pseudomonas homology group II to the new genus, with the type species Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni and Holmes 1981) comb. nov. Microbiol Immunol 1992; 36: 1251-1275.
3. Vandamme P, Holmes B, Vancanneyt M et al. Occurrence of multiple genomovars of Burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis patients and proposal of Burkholderia multivorans sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47: 1188-1200.
4. Ursing JB, Rossellomora RA, Garciavaldes E et al. Taxonomic note - a pragmatic approach to the nomenclature of phenotypically similar genomic groups. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45: 604.
5. 2-fixing isolates from rice in Vietnam. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45: 274-289.
6. Vandamme P, Mahenthiralingam E, Holmes B et al. Identification and population structure of Burkholderia stabilis sp. nov. (formerly Burkholderia cepacia genomovar IV). J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 1042-1047.
7. Coenye T, LiPuma JJ, Henry D et al. Burkholderia cepacia genomovar VI, a new member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51: 271-279.
8. Coenye T, Mahenthiralingam E, Henry D et al. Burkholderia ambifaria sp. nov., a novel member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex including biocontrol and cystic fibrosis-related isolates. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51: 1481-1490.
9. Vandamme P, Henry D, Coenye T et al. Burkholderia anthina sp. nov. and Burkholderia pyrrocinia, two additional Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria, may confound results of new molecular diagnostic tools. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2002; 33: 143-149.
10. Coenye T, Vandamme P, Govan JR et al. Taxonomy and identification of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 3427-3436.
11. Parke JL. Population-dynamics of Pseudomonas cepacia in the pea spermosphere in relation to biocontrol of Pythium. Phytopathology 1990; 80: 1307-1311.
12. Heungens K, Parke JL. Zoospore homing and infection events: effects of the biocontrol bacterium Burkholderia cepacia AMMDR1 on two oomycete pathogens of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66: 5192-5200.
13. Kang Y, Carlson R, Tharpe W et al. Characterization of genes involved in biosynthesis of a novel antibiotic from Burkholderia cepacia BC11 and their role in biological control of Rhizoctonia solani. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64: 3939-3947.
14. Bowers JH, Parke JL. Epidemiology of Pythium damping-off and Aphanomyces root-rot of peas after seed treatment with bacterial agents for biological-control. Phytopathology 1993; 83: 1466-1473.
15. Janisiewicz WJ, Roitman J. Biological-control of blue mold and gray mold on apple and pear with Pseudomonas cepacia. Phytopathology 1988; 78: 1697-1700.
16. Bevivino A, Tabacchioni S, Chiarini L et al. Phenotypic comparison between rhizosphere and clinical isolates of Burkholderia cepacia. Microbiology 1994; 140: 1069-1077.
17. McLoughlin TJ, Quinn JP, Bettermann A et al. Pseudomonas cepacia suppression of sunflower wilt fungus and role of antifungal compounds in controlling the disease. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58: 1760-1763.
18. Van VT, Berge O, Ke SN et al. Repeated beneficial effects of rice inoculation with a strain of Burkholderia vietnamiensis on early and late yield components in low fertility sulphate acid soils of Vietnam. Plant Soil 2000; 218: 273-284.
19. Krumme ML, Timmis KN, Dwyer DF. Degradation of trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 and the constitutive mutant strain G4 5223 PR1 in aquifer microcosms. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59: 2746-2749.
20. Bhat MA, Tsuda M, Horiike K et al. Identification and characterization of a new plasmid carrying genes for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate from Pseudomonas cepacia CSV90. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60: 307-312.
21. Kellogg ST, Chatterjee DK, Chakrabarty AM. Plasmid-assisted molecular breeding: New technique for enhanced biodegradation of persistent toxic chemicals. Science 1981; 214: 1133-1135.
22. Sangodkar UM, Chapman PJ, Chakrabarty AM. Cloning, physical mapping and expression of chromosomal genes specifying degradation of the herbicide 2,4,5-T by Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100. Gene 1988; 71: 267-277.
23. Parke JL, Gurian-Sherman D. Diversity of the Burkholderia cepacia complex and implications for risk assessment of biological control strains. Annu Rev Phytopathol 2001; 39: 225-258.
24. Ederer GM, Matsen JM. Colonization and infection with Pseudomonas cepacia. J Infect Dis 1972; 125: 613-618.
25. Phillips I, Eykyn S, Curtis MA et al. Pseudomonas cepacia (multivorans) septicaemia in an intensive-care unit. Lancet 1971; 1: 375-377.
26. Geiszt M, Kapus A, Ligeti E. Chronic granulomatous disease: More than the lack of superoxide? J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69: 191-196.
27. Winkelstein JA, Marino MC, Johnston Jr RB et al. Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79: 155-169.
28. O'Neil KM, Herman JH, Modlin JF et al. Pseudomonas cepacia: an emerging pathogen in chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr 1986; 108: 940-942.
29. Bottone EJ, Douglas SD, Rausen AR et al. Association of Pseudomonas cepacia with chronic granulomatous disease. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 1: 425-428.
30. Taplin D, Bassett DC, Mertz PM. Foot lesions associated with Pseudomonas cepacia. Lancet 1971; 2: 568-571.
31. Isles A, Maclusky I, Corey M et al. Pseudomonas cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis: an emerging problem. J Pediatr 1984; 104: 206-210.
32. Greger R, Schreiber R, Mall M et al. Cystic fibrosis and CFTR. Pflügers Arch 2001; 443 (Suppl 1): S3-S7.
33. Pitt TL, Kaufmann ME, Patel PS et al. Type characterisation and antibiotic susceptibility of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. J Med Microbiol 1996; 44: 203-210.
34. Thomassen MJ, Demko CA, Klinger JD et al. Pseudomonas cepacia colonization among patients with cystic fibrosis. A new opportunist. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 131: 791-796.
35. Glass S, Govan JR. Pseudomonas cepacia - fatal pulmonary infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis. J Infect 1986; 13: 157-158.
36. Govan JR, Deretic V. Microbial pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis: mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Microbiol Rev 1996; 60: 539-574.
37. Lewin C, Doherty C, Govan J. In vitro activities of meropenem, PD 127391, PD 131628, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas cepacia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37: 123-125.
38. Prince A. Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas species. J Pediatr 1986; 108: 830-834.
39. Burns JL, Wadsworth CD, Barry JJ et al. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a gene from Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia encoding an outer membrane lipoprotein involved in multiple antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 307-313.
40. Beckman W, Lessie TG. Response of Pseudomonas cepacia to beta-lactam antibiotics: utilization of penicillin G as the carbon source. J Bacteriol 1979; 140: 1126-1128.
41. Parr Jr TR, Moore RA, Moore LV et al. Role of porins in intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas cepacia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987; 31: 121-123.
42. Govan JR, Brown PH, Maddison J et al. Evidence for transmission of Pseudomonas cepacia by social contact in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1993; 342: 15-19.
43. LiPuma JJ, Dasen SE, Nielson DW et al. Person-to-person transmission of Pseudomonas cepacia between patients with cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1990; 336: 1094-1096.
44. Pegues DA, Carson LA, Tablan OC et al. Acquisition of Pseudomonas cepacia at summer camps for patients with cystic fibrosis. Summer camp study group. J Pediatr 1994; 124: 694-702.
45. + Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) cepacia causing CF centre epidemics in North America and Britain. Nat Med 1995; 1: 661-666.
46. Balandreau J, Viallard V, Cournoyer B et al. Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III is a common plant-associated bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67: 982-985.
47. LiPuma JJ, Spilker T, Coenye T et al. An epidemic Burkholderia cepacia complex strain identified in soil. Lancet 2002; 359: 2002-2003.
48. Sajjan US, Sun L, Goldstein R et al. Cable (cbl) type II pili of cystic fibrosis-associated Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia: nucleotide sequence of the cblA major subunit pilin gene and novel morphology of the assembled appendage fibers. J Bacteriol 1995; 177: 1030-1038.
49. Mahenthiralingam E, Simpson DA, Speert DP. Identification and characterization of a novel DNA marker associated with epidemic Burkholderia cepacia strains recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 808-816.
50. Clode FE, Kaufmann ME, Malnick H et al. Distribution of genes encoding putative transmissibility factors among epidemic and nonepidemic strains of Burkholderia cepacia from cystic fibrosis patients in the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 1763-1766.
51. LiPuma JJ, Spilker T, Gill LH et al. Disproportionate distribution of Burkholderia cepacia complex species and transmissibility markers in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 92-96.
52. Straus DC, Woods DE, Lonon MK et al. The importance of extracellular antigens in Pseudomonas cepacia infections. J Med Microbiol 1988; 26: 269-280.
53. Jonsson V. Proposal of a new species Pseudomonas kingii. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1970; 20: 255-257.
54. Straus DC, Lonon MK, Woods DE et al. Production of an extracellular toxic complex by various strains of Pseudomonas cepacia. J Med Microbiol 1989; 30: 17-22.
55. Straus DC, Lonon MK, Woods DE et al. 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid in the lipopolysaccharide of various strains of Pseudomonas cepacia. J Med Microbiol 1990; 33: 265-269.
56. Shaw D, Poxton IR, Govan JR. Biological activity of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia lipopolysaccharide. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1995; 11: 99-106.
57. Hughes JE, Stewart J, Barclay GR et al. Priming of neutrophil respiratory burst activity by lipopolysaccharide from Burkholderia cepacia. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 4281-4287.
58. Shimomura H, Matsuura M, Saito S et al. Lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia and its unique character to stimulate murine macrophages with relative lack of interleukin-1beta-inducing ability. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 3663-3669.
59. Hutchison ML, Bonell EC, Poxton IR et al. Endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharides isolated from emergent potential cystic fibrosis pathogens. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 27: 73-77.
60. Zughaier SM, Ryley HC, Jackson SK. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Burkholderia cepacia is more active than LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in stimulating tumor necrosis factor alpha from human monocytes. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 1505-1507.
61. Palfreyman RW, Watson ML, Eden C et al. Induction of biologically active interleukin-8 from lung epithelial cells by Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia products. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 617-622.
62. Westphal O, Luderitz O, Bister F. Uber die extraction von bakterien mit phinol/wasser. Z Naturforsch Teil B 1952; 7: 148-155.
63. Poltorak A, He X, Smirnova I et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57b1/10ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 1998; 282: 2085-2088.
64. Manthey CL, Vogel SN. Elimination of trace endotoxin protein from rough chemotype LPS. J Endotoxin Res 1994; 1: 84-91.
65. Gronow S, Noah C, Blumenthal A et al. Construction of a deep-rough mutant of Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416 and characterization of its chemical and biological properties. J Biol Chem 2002; 278: 1647-1655.
66. Rajyaguru JM, Muszynski MJ. Association of resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and quinolones with changes in major outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide in Burkholderia cepacia. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40: 803-809.
67. Moore RA, Hancock RE. Involvement of outer membrane of Pseudomonas cepacia in aminoglycoside and polymyxin resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986; 30: 923-926.
68. Cox AD, Wilkinson SG. Ionizing groups in lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas cepacia in relation to antibiotic resistance. Mol Microbiol 1991; 5: 641-646.
69. Manniello JM, Heymann H, Adair FW. Isolation of atypical lipopolysaccharides from purified cell walls of Pseudomonas cepacia. J Gen Microbiol 1979; 112: 397-400.
70. Bhagya Lakshmi SK, Bhat UR, Wartenberg K et al. Temperature-dependent incorporation of 4-amino-L-arabinose in lipid A of distinct Gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989; 51: 317-322.
71. Nummila K, Kilpelainen I, Zahringer U et al. Lipopolysaccharides of polymyxin B-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli are extensively substituted by 2-aminoethyl pyrophosphate and contain aminoarabinose in lipid A. Mol Microbiol 1995; 16: 271-278.
72. Vaara M, Vaara T, Jensen M et al. Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from the polymyxin-resistant pmr A mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. FEBS Lett 1981; 129: 145-149.
73. Albrecht MT, Wang W, Shamova O et al. Binding of protegrin-1 to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Respir Res 2002; 3: 18-29.
74. Galbraith L, Jonsson MH, Rudhe LC et al. Lipids and fatty acids of Burkholderia and Ralstonia species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 173: 359-364.
75. Vinion-Dubiel A, Spilker T, Dean CR et al. Lack of correlation of serotype and genomovar in Burkholderia cepacia complex. In: International Burkholderia cepacia Working Group 7th Annual Meeting. San Antonio, TX, 2002.
76. Beynon LM, Cox AD, Taylor CJ et al. Characterization of a lipopolysaccharide O antigen containing two different trisaccharide repeating units from Burkholderia cepacia serotype E (O2). Carbohydr Res 1995; 272: 231-239.
77. Gaur D, Wilkinson SG. Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain LMG 6998. Carbohydr Res 1996; 295: 179-184.
78. Gaur D, Wilkinson SG. Lipopolysaccharide from Burkholderia vietnamiensis strain LMG 6999 contains two polymers identical to those present in the reference strain for Burkholderia cepacia serogroup, O4. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 157: 183-188.
79. Cox AD, Wilkinson SG. Structure of the putative O antigen containing 2-amino-2-deoxy-L-glucose in the reference strain for Pseudomonas cepacia serogroup O1. Carbohydr Res 1990; 195: 295-301.
80. Paramonov NA, Shashkov AS, Knirel'Iu A et al. Antigenic bacterial polysaccharides. Structure of O-specific polysaccharides from Pseudomonas cepacia serogroups C, I, O1, and O4. Bioorg Khim 1994; 20: 984-993.
81. Cox AD, Wilkinson SG. Structures of the O-specific polymers from the lipopolysaccharides of the reference strains for Pseudomonas cepacia serogroups O3 and O5. Carbohydr Res 1989; 195: 123-129.
82. Knirel'Iu A, Tanamar NV, Soldatkina MA et al. Antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria. 35. Establishment of the structure of polysaccharide chains of lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas cepacia IMV 4176 and IMV 4202 (serotype 3). Bioorg Khim 1988; 14: 1684-1689.
83. Cox AD, Taylor CJ, Anderson AJ et al. Structures of the two polymers present in the lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia serogroup O4. Eur J Biochem 1995; 231: 784-789.
84. Knirel'Iu A, Shashkov AS, Soldatkina MA et al. Antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria. 33. The structure of O-specific polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas cepacia serotype 6. Bioorg Khim 1988; 14: 1413-1418.
85. Cox AD, Wilkinson SG. Structure of the O-specific polymer for Pseudomonas cepacia serogroup O7. Carbohydr Res 1990; 198: 153-156.
86. Knirel'Iu A, Soldatkina MA, Shashkov AS et al. Antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria. 34. Structure of O-specific polysaccharide chains of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas cepacia strains IMV 4207 (serotype A) and IMV 598/2. Bioorg Khim 1988; 14: 1678-1683.
87. Taylor CJ, Anderson AJ, Wilkinson SG. Structure of the O9 antigen from Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994; 115: 201-204.
88. Knirel'Iu A, Shashkov AS, Soldatkina MA et al. Antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria. 32. The structure of O-specific polysaccharide chains of Pseudomonas cepacia serotype B and E lipopolysaccharides containing D-fucose. Bioorg Khim 1988; 14: 1208-1213.
89. Soldatkina A, Knirel'Iu A, Tanatar NV et al. Immunologic and structural studies of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas cepacia. Mikrobiol Zh 1989; 51: 32-38.
90. Lipkind GM, Shashkov AS, Knirel'Iu A et al. Experimental and theoretical conformation analysis of the O-antigenic polysaccharide from Pseudomonas cepacia strain 3181. II. The polysaccharide. Bioorg Khim 1986; 12: 780-788.
91. Knirel'Iu A, Tanatar NV, Soldatkina MA et al. Antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria. 25. Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of Pseudomonas cepacia 673/2 lipopolysaccharide containing L-glycero-D-manno-heptose. Bioorg Khim 1988; 14: 77-81.
92. Beynon LM, Perry MB. Structure of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Pseudomonas cepacia serotype A. Biochem Cell Biol 1993; 71: 417-420.
93. Knirel'Iu A, Dmitrieva BA, Kochetkov NK et al. Antigenic bacterial polysaccharides. 13. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas cepacia strain IMV 4137. Bioorg Khim 1985; 11: 536-538.
94. Cerantola S, Montrozier H. Structural elucidation of two polysaccharides present in the lipopolysaccharide of a clinical isolate of Burkholderia cepacia. Eur J Biochem 1997; 246: 360-366.
95. Cimino P, Corsaro MM, De Castro C et al. Structural determination of the O-deacetylated O-chain of lipopolysaccharide from Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia strain PVFi-5A. Carbohydr Res 1998; 307: 333-341.
96. Heidt A, Monteil H, Richard C. O and H serotyping of Pseudomonas cepacia. J Clin Microbiol 1983; 18: 738-740.
97. Werneburg B, Monteil H. New serotypes of Pseudomonas cepacia. Res Microbiol 1989; 140: 17-20.
98. Nakamura Y, Hyodo S, Chonan E et al. Serological classification of Pseudomonas cepacia by somatic antigen. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24: 152-154.
99. McKevitt AI, Retzer MD, Woods DE. Development and use of a serotyping scheme for Pseudomonas cepacia. Serodiagn Immunother 1987; 1: 177-184.
100. Isshiki Y, Kawahara K, Zahringer U. Isolation and characterisation of disodium (4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinopyranosyl)-(1→8 -(D-glycero-alpha-D-talo -oct-2-ulopyranosylonate)-(2→4)-(methyl 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosidonate from the lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia. Carbohydr Res 1998; 313: 21-27.
101. Anwar H, Brown MR, Cozens RM et al. Isolation and characterization of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of Pseudomonas cepacia. J Gen Microbiol 1983; 129: 499-507.
102. Vinogradov EV, Bock K, Petersen BO et al. The structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter strain ATCC 17905. Eur J Biochem 1997; 243: 122-127.
103. Vinogradov EV, Muller-Loennies S, Petersen BO et al. Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain NCTC 10305 (ATCC 17906, DNA group 4). Eur J Biochem 1997; 247: 82-90.
104. Vinogradov EV, Lindner B, Kocharova NA et al. The core structure of the lipopolysaccharide from the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337: 775-777.
105. de Kievit TR, Lam JS. Isolation and characterization of two genes, waaC (rfaC) and waaF (rfaF), involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5 inner-core biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 1997; 179: 3451-3457.
106. Nelson JW, Barclay GR, Micklem LR et al. Production and characterisation of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with the lipopolysaccharide core of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 1992; 36: 358-365.
107. Nelson JW, Butler SL, Brown PH et al. Serum IgG and sputum IgA antibody to core lipopolysaccharide antigen from Pseudomonas cepacia in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Med Microbiol 1993; 39: 39-47.
108. Evans E, Poxton IR, Govan JR. Lipopolysaccharide chemotypes of Burkholderia cepacia. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48: 825-832.
109. McKevitt AI, Woods DE. Characterization of Pseudomonas cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 1984; 19: 291-293.
110. Butler SL, Nelson JW, Poxton IR et al. Serum sensitivity of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1994; 8: 285-292.
111. Rabkin CS, Jarvis WR, Anderson RL et al. Pseudomonas cepacia typing systems: collaborative study to assess their potential in epidemiologic investigations. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 600-607.
112. Kenna DT, Barcus VA, Langley RJ et al. Lack of correlation between O-serotype, bacteriophage susceptibility and genomovar status in the Burkholderia cepacia complex. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2003; 35: 87-92.
113. Stanislavsky ES, Lam JS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens as potential vaccines. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1997; 21: 243-277.
114. Vinion-Dubiel AD, Dean CR, Goldberg JB. Cloning and partial characterization of the Burkholderia cepacia serotype O5 O antigen gene locus. In: 102nd General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. Salt Lake City, UT, 2002.
115. Whitfield C. Biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide O antigens. Trends Microbiol 1995; 3: 178-185.
116. Giraud MF, Naismith JH. The rhamnose pathway. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2000; 10: 687-696.
117. Burtnick MN, Brett PJ, Woods DE. Molecular and physical characterization of Burkholderia mallei O antigens. J Bacteriol 2002; 184: 849-852.
118. DeShazer D, Brett PJ, Woods DE. The type II O-antigenic polysaccharide moiety of Burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide is required for serum resistance and virulence. Mol Microbiol 1998; 30: 1081-1100.
119. Cerantola S, Bounery J, Segonds C et al. Exopolysaccharide production by mucoid and non-mucoid strains of Burkholderia cepacia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 185: 243-246.
120. Richau JA, Leitao JH, Correia M et al. Molecular typing and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of Burkholderia cepacia isolates from a Portuguese cystic fibrosis center. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 1651-1655.
121. Cerantola S, Marty N, Montrozier H. Structural studies of the acidic exopolysaccharide produced by a mucoid strain of Burkholderia cepacia, isolated from cystic fibrosis. Carbohydr Res 1996; 285: 59-67.
122. Cerantola S, Lemassu-Jacquier A, Montrozier H. Structural elucidation of a novel exopolysaccharide produced by a mucoid clinical isolate of Burkholderia cepacia. Characterization of a trisubstituted glucuronic acid residue in a heptasaccharide repeating unit. Eur J Biochem 1999; 260: 373-383.
123. Cescutti P, Bosco M, Picotti F et al. Structural study of the exopolysaccharide produced by a clinical isolate of Burkholderia cepacia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 273: 1088-1094.
124. Linker A, Evans LR, Impallomeni G. The structure of a polysaccharide from infectious strains of Burkholderia cepacia. Carbohydr Res 2001; 335: 45-54.
125. Lagatolla C, Skerlavaj S, Dolzani L et al. Microbiological characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia isolates from cystic fibrosis patients: investigation of the exopolysaccharides produced. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 209: 99-106.
126. Chung JW, Altman E, Beveridge TJ et al. Colonial morphology of Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar III: implications in exopolysaccharide production, pilus expression, and persistence in the mouse. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 904-909.