Persistent amenorrhoea in weight-recovered anorexics: Psychological and biological aspects

Psychiatry Research

Volumn 118, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 249-257

  Brambilla, Francesca ^a,e   Monteleone, Palmiero ^a   Bortolotti, Francesca ^a   Dalle Grave, Riccardo ^b   Todisco, Patrizia ^b   Favaro, Angela ^c   Santonastaso, Paolo ^c   Ramacciotti, Carla ^d   Paoli, Roberto ^d   Maj, Mario ^a  

^a SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

^b Villa Garda Hospital   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PADUA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^e Centro di Psiconeuroendocrinologia   (Italy)

Author keywords

Amenorrhoea; Anorexia nervosa; Eating Disorder Inventory; Estradiol; Leptin

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; FOLLITROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE; LEPTIN; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; THYROTROPIN;

ADULT; AMENORRHEA; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; EATING DISORDER; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; ESTRADIOL BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; FOLLITROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE URINE LEVEL; IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERSONALITY TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGESTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; PROLACTIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL BALANCE; RATING SCALE; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 0038771184     PISSN: 01651781     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00074-X     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. DSM IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. fourth ed. 1994;American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC.
2. Audi L., Mantzoros C.S., Vidal-Puig A., Vargas D., Gussinye M., Carrascosa A. Leptin in relation to resumption of menses in women with anorexia nervosa. Molecular Psychiatry. 3:1998;544-547.
3. Balligand J.L., Brichard S.M., Brichard V., Desager J.P., Lambert M. Hypoleptinemia in patients with anorexia nervosa: loss of circadian rhythm and unresponsiveness to short-term refeeding. European Journal of Endocrinology. 138:1998;415-420.
4. Baranowska B., Wasileska-Dziubinska E., Radzikowska M., Plonowski A., Roguski K. Neuropeptide Y, galanin, and leptin release in obese women and in women with anorexia nervosa. Metabolism. 46:1997;1384-1389.
5. Bell E.T., Harkness R.A., Loraine J.A., Russell G.F.M. Hormone assay studies in patients with anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinologica. 51:1966;140-148.
6. Beumont P.J.V., George G.C.W., Pimstone B.L., Vinik A. Body weight and pituitary response to hypothalamic releasing hormones in patients with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 43:1976;487-496.
7. Buvat J., Buvat-Herbaut M., Lemaire A., Racadot A., Fourlinnie J.C. Comparison of estrogen priming effects with body weight restoration effects on the gonadotropin pattern of patients with anorexia nervosa. Hormone Research. 20:1984;224-230.
8. Casper R.C. Personality features of women with good outcome from restricting anorexia. Psychosomatic Medicine. 52:1990;156-170.
9. Ceci L., Covezzi R., Orlandi E., Guaraldi G.P. Correlazione della concentrazione serica di leptina con variabili antropometriche, neuroendocrine, psicopatologiche in soggetti con disturbi dell'alimentazione. Eating and Weight Disorders. 6:2001;12.
10. Cloninger C.R., Przybeck T.R., Svrakic D.M., Wetzel R.D. The Temperament and Character Inventory: A Guide to its Development and Use. 1994;Center for Psychobiology of Personality, St. Louis, MO.
11. Crisp A.H., Stonehill E. Relation between aspects of nutritional disturbance and menstrual activity in primary anorexia nervosa. British Medical Journal. 3:1971;149-151.
12. Dally P.J., Sargant W. Treatment and outcome of anorexia nervosa. British Medical Journal. ii:1966;793-795.
13. Eckert E.D., Pomeroy C., Raymond N., Kohler P.F., Thuras P., Bowers C.Y. Leptin in anorexia nervosa. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 83:1998;791-795.
14. Falk R.M., Halmi K.A. Amenorrhea in anorexia nervosa: examination of the critical body weight hypothesis. Biological Psychiatry. 17:1982;799-806.
15. Frisch R.E., McArthur J.W. Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset. Science. 185:1974;949-951.
16. Frisch R.E. Food intake, fatness and reproductive ability. Vigersky R. Anorexia Nervosa. 1977;149-161 New York, Raven Press.
17. Garner D.M., Olmstead M.A., Polivy J. Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2:1983;15-34.
18. Gendal K.A., Kaye W.H., Altemus M., McConaha C., La Via M.C. Leptin, neuropeptide Y, and peptide YY in long-term recovered eating disorders patients. Biological Psychiatry. 46:1999;292-299.
19. Greenspoon S., Gulick T., Askari H., Landt M., Lee K., Anderson E., Ma Z., Vignati L., Bowsher R., Herzog D., Klibanski A. Serum leptin levels in women with anorexia nervosa. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 81:1996;3861-3863.
20. Hebebrand J., Blum W.F., Barth N., Coners H., Englarop Juul A., Ziegler A., Warnke A., Rascher W., Remschmidt H. Leptin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa are reduced in the acute stage and elevated upon short-term weight restoration. Molecular Psychiatry. 2:1997;330-334.
21. Henderson M., Freeman C.P.L. Bulimic Investigation Test Edinburgh (B.I.T.E.). A self-rating scale for bulimia: the BITE. British Journal of Psychiatry. 150:1987;18-24.
22. Herpertz S., Wagner R., Albers N., Blum W.F., Pelz B., Langkafel M., Kopp W., Henning A., Oberste-Berghaus C., Mann K., Senf W., Hebebrand J. Circadian plasma leptin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa: relation to insulin and cortisol. Hormone Research. 50:1998;197-204.
23. Herpertz S., Albers N., Wagner R., Pelz B., Kopp W., Mann K., Blum W.F., Senf W., Hebebrand J. Longitudinal changes of circadian leptin, insulin and cortisol plasma levels and their correlation during refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa. European Journal of Endocrinology. 142:2000;373-379.
24. Jamrozik, S., Dumoulin, S., Saint-Martin, F., de Glisezinski, I., Barbe, P., Plantavid, M., Thouvenot, J.P., Bennet, A., Louvet, J.P. 1995. LH secretion in anorectic women who remain amenorrheic after partial or total recovery of body weight. 15th Congress of the International Federation Fertility Society, Montpellier, France (abstract).
25. Katz J.L., Boyar R., Roffwarg H., Hellman L., Weiner H. Weight and circadian luteinizing hormone secretory pattern in anorexia nervosa. Psychosomatic Medicine. 40:1978;549-567.
26. Kerruish K.P., O'Connor J., Humphries J.R.J., Kohn M.R., Clarke S.D., Briody J.N., Thomson E.J., Wright K.A., Gaskin K.J., Baur L.A. Body composition in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 75:2002;31-37.
27. Kohmura H., Miyake A., Aono T., Tanizawa O. Recovery of reproductive functions in patients with anorexia nervosa: a 10-year follow-up study. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 22:1986;293-296.
28. Kopp W., Blum W.F., von Prittwitz S., Ziegler A., Lubbert H., Emons G., Herzog W., Herpertz S., Deter H.C., Remschmidt H., Hebebrand J. Low leptin levels predict amenorrhea in underweight and eating disordered females. Molecular Psychiatry. 2:1997;335-340.
29. Kristensens K., Pedersen S.B., Richelsen B. Regulation of leptin by steroid hormones in rat adipose tissue. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication. 259:1999;624-630.
30. Lecomte P., Kabir-Gros N., Lansac J. La fonction gonadique des anorexies nerveuse à la phase post critique. Annales d'Endocrinologie (Paris). 45:1984;397-401.
31. Letiexhe M.R., Scheen A.J., Lefèbvre P.J. Plasma leptin levels, insulin secretion, clearance and action on glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating and Weight Disorders. 2:1997;79-86.
32. Licinio J. Leptin in anorexia nervosa and amenorrhea. Molecular Psychiatry. 2:1997;267-269.
33. Mannucci E., Ognibene A., Becorpi A., Cremasco F., Pellegrini S., Ottanelli S., Rizzello S.M., Massi G., Messeri G., Rotella C.M. Relationship between leptin and oestrogens in healthy women. European Journal of Endocrinology. 139:1998;198-201.
34. Mantzoros C., Flier J.S., Lesem M.D., Brewerton T.D., Jimerson D.C. Cerebrospinal fluid leptin in anorexia nervosa: correlation with nutritional status and potential role in resistance to weight gain. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 82:1997;1845-1851.
35. Mathiak K., Gowin W., Hebebrand J., Ziegler A., Blum F.W., Felsenberg D., Lubbert H., Kopp W. Serum leptin levels, body fat disposition, and weight in females with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 31:1999;274-277.
36. Mazure C.M., Halmi K.A., Sunday S.R., Romano S.J., Einborn A.M. The Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale: development, use, reliability and validity. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 28:1994;425-445.
37. Meyer A.E., von Holtzapfel B., Deffner G., Engel K., Klick M. Amenorrhea and predictors of remenorrhea in anorexia nervosa: a psychoendocrinological study in inpatients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 45:1986a;149-160.
38. Meyer A.E., von Holtzapfel B., Deffner G., Engel K., Klick M. Psychoendocrinology of remenorrhea in the late outcome of anorexia nervosa. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 45:1986b;174-185.
39. Morgan J.F., Bollon J., Sedwick P.M., Patel S., Lacey J.H., Conway G.S. Changes in plasma concentrations of leptin and body fat composition during weight restoration in anorexia nervosa. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 84:1999;1999-2107.
40. Mystowski P., Schwartz M.W. Gonadal steroids and energy homeostasis in the leptin era. Nutrition. 16:2000;937-946.
41. Nakamura Y., Yoshimura Y., Oda T., Katayama E., Kamey K., Tanabe K., Iizuka R. Clinical and endocrine studies on patients with amenorrhoea associated with weight loss. Clinical Endocrinology. 23:1985;643-651.
42. Russell G.F.M. Psychological and nutritional factors in disturbance of menstrual function and ovulation. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 48:1972;10-13.
43. Shimizu H., Shimomura Y., Nakanishi Y., Futawatari T., Ohtani K., Sato N., Mori M. Estrogen increases in vivo leptin production in rats and human subjects. Journal of Endocrinology. 154:1997;285-292.
44. Spitzer R.L. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. 1994;American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
45. Treasure J.L., Wheeler M., King E.A., Gordon P.A.L., Russell G.F.M. Weight gain and reproductive function: ultrasonographic and endocrine features in anorexia nervosa. Clinical Endocrinology. 29:1988;607-616.
46. Valcke J.C., Mahoudeau J.A., Thieblot P.H., Pique L., Luton J.P., Franchilont P., Moreau L., Bricaire H. Critères d'interprétation du test utilisant l'hormone de libération de la lutéostimuline (LHRH). Annales d'Endocrinologie (Paris). 35:1974;423-443.
47. von Prittwitz S., Blum W.F., Ziegler A., Scharmann S., Remschmidt H., Hebebrand J. Restrained eating is associated with low leptin levels in underweight females. Molecular Psychiatry. 2:1997;420-422.
48. Wabitsch M., Ballauff A., Holl R., Blum W.F., Heinze E., Remschmidt H., Hebebrand J. Serum leptin, gonadotropin, and testosterone concentrations in male patients with anorexia nervosa during weight gain. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86:2001;2982-2984.
49. Wackeling A., Marshall J.C., Beardwood C.J., De Souza V.A., Russell G.F.M. The effects of clomiphene citrate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine. 6:1976;371-380.
50. Wackeling A., De Souza V.A., Beardwood C.J. Assessment of the negative and positive effects of administered oestrogen on gonadotropin release in patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine. 7:1977;397-405.
51. Warren M.P., Jewelewicz R., Dyrenfurth I., Ans R., Khalaf S., Vande Wiele R.L. The significance of weight loss in the evaluation of pituitary response to LHRH in women with secondary amenorrhoea. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 40:1975;601-611.
52. Wauters M., Considine R.W., Van Gaal L.F. Human leptin: from an adipocyte hormone to an endocrine mediator. European Journal of Endocrinology. 143:2000;293-311.
53. Wentz A.C. Body weight and amenorrhoea. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 56:1982;482-487.