Biodiversity, invasion resistance, and marine ecosystem function: Reconciling pattern and process

Ecology

Volumn 83, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 2575-2590

  Stachowicz, John J ^a   Fried, Heather ^b   Osman, Richard W ^c   Whitlatch, Robert B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^c Estuarine Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Ascidians; Biodiversity; Bryozoans; Ecosystem function; Fouling community; Invasion resistance; Invasive species; Invertebrates; Marine ecology; Species richness; Temporal niche partitioning

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; NICHE PARTITIONING; SPECIES RICHNESS;

ASCIDIACEA; BRYOZOA; INVERTEBRATA;

EID: 0038477000     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2575:BIRAME]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Berman, J., L. Harris, W. Lambert, M. Buttrick, and M. Dufresne. 1992. Recent invasions of the Gulf of Maine: three contrasting ecological histories. Conservation Biology 6:435-441.
2. Binney, W. G. 1870. Mollusca. Figures 350-755 and Plates 14-27 in A. A. Gould Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusets. Second edition. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3. Burke, M. J. W., and J. P. Grime. 1996. An experimental study of plant community invasibility. Ecology 77:776-790.
4. Buss, L. W., and J. B. C. Jackson. 1979. Competitive networks: nontransitive competitive relationships in cryptic coral reef environments. American Naturalist 113:223-234.
5. Byers, J. E. 2000. Competition between two estuarine snails: implications for invasions of exotic species. Ecology 81:1225-1239.
6. Callaway, R. M., and E. T. Aschehoug. 2000. Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science 290:521-523.
7. Carlton, J. T. 1979. Introduced invertebrates of San Francisco Bay. Pages 427-444 in T. J. Conomos, editor. San Francisco Bay: the urbanized estuary. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA.
8. Carlton, J. T. 1996. Pattern, process, and prediction in marine invasion ecology. Biological Conservation 78:97-106.
9. Case, T. J. 1990. Invasion resistance arises in strongly interacting species-rich model competitive systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87:9610-9614.
10. Case, T. J. 1996. Global patterns in the establishment and distribution of exotic birds. Biological Conservation 78:69-96.
11. Case, T. J., and D. T. Bolger. 1991. The role of introduced species in shaping the distribution and abundance of island reptiles. Evolutionary Ecology 5:272-290.
12. Cohen, A. N., and J. T. Carlton. 1998. Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science 279:555-558.
13. Connell, J. H. 1972. Community interactions on marine rocky intertidal shores. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3:169-192.
14. Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Science 199:1302-1310.
15. Couthouy, J. T. 1838. Descriptions of new species of Mollusca and shells. Boston Journal of Natural History 2:53-111.
16. D'Antonio, C. M., and P. M. Vitousek. 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass-fire cycle, and global change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23:63-87.
17. Dayton, P. K. 1971. Competition, disturbance and community organization: the provision of and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 41:351-389.
18. DeKay, J. E. 1843. Zoology of New York, or the New York fauna. Part 5. Mollusca, Albany, New York, USA.
19. Drake, J. A. 1990. The mechanics of community assembly and succession. Journal of Theoretical Biology 147:213-233.
20. Duffy, J. E., K. S. Macdonald, J. M. Rhode, and J. D. Parker. 2001. Grazer diversity, functional redundancy, and productivity in seagrass beds: an experimental test. Ecology 82:2417-2434.
21. Elton, C. S. 1958. The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Methuen, London, UK.
22. Emmerson, M. C., M. Solan, C. Emes, D. M. Patterson, and D. G. Raffaelli. 2001. Consistent patterns and the idiosyncratic effects of biodiversity in marine ecosystems. Nature 411:73-77.
23. Grosberg, R. K. 1981. Competitive ability influences habitat choice in marine invertebrates. Nature 290:700-702.
24. Grosberg, R. K. 1988. Life-history variation within a population of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri. I. The genetic and environmental control of seasonal variation. Evolution 42:900-920.
25. Grosholz, E. D., G. M. Ruiz, C. A. Dean, K. A. Shirley, J. L. Maron, and P. G. Connors. 2000. The impacts of a non-indigenous marine predator in a California bay. Ecology 81:1206-1224.
26. Huston, M. A. 1997. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia 110:449-460.
27. Jackson, J. B. C. 1977. Competition on marine hard substrata: the adaptive significance of solitary and colonial strategies. American Naturalist 111:743-767.
28. Kareiva, P. 1996. Developing a predictive ecology for non-indigenous species and ecological invasions. Ecology 77:1651-1652.
29. Knops, J. M. H., J. R. Griffin, and A. C. Royalty. 1995. Introduced and native plants of the Hastings reservation, central coastal California, a comparison. Biological Conservation 71:115-123.
30. Knops, J. M. H., D. Tilman, N. M. Haddad, S. Naeem, C. E. Mitchell, J. Haarstad. M. E. Ritchie, K. M. Howe, P. B. Reich, E. Siemann, and J. Groth. 1999. Effects of plant species richness on invasion dynamics, disease outbreaks, insect abundances and diversity. Ecology Letters 2:286-293.
31. Lavorel, S., A.-H. Prieur-Richard, and K. Grigulis. 1999. Invasibility and diversity of plant communities: from patterns to processes. Diversity and Distributions 5:41-49.
32. Law, R., and R. D. Morton. 1996. Permanence and the assembly of ecological communities. Ecology 77:762-775.
33. Levine, J. M. 2000. Species diversity and biological invasions: relating local process to community pattern. Science 288:852-854.
34. Levine, J. M., and C. M. D'Antonio. 1999. Elton revisited: a review of evidence linking diversity and invasibility. Oikos 87:15-26.
35. Lonsdale, W. M. 1999. Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility. Ecology 80:1522-1536.
36. Loreau, M. 1998. Separating sampling effects and other effects in biodiversity experiments. Oikos 82:600-602.
37. Loreau, M. 2000. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: recent theoretical advances. Oikos 91:3-17.
38. Loreau, M., S. Naeem, P. Inchausti, J. Bengtsson, J. P. Grime, A. Hector, D. U. Hooper, M. A. Huston, D. Raffaelli, B. Schmid, D. Tilman, and D. A. Wardle. 2001. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges. Science 294:804-808.
39. Lyons, K. G., and M. W. Schwartz. 2001. Rare species loss alters ecosystem function - invasion resistance. Ecology Letters 4:358-365.
40. McGrady-Steed, J., P. M. Haris, and P. J. Morin. 1997. Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability. Nature 390:162-165.
41. Morgan, J. W. 1998. Patterns of invasion of an urban remnant of a species-rich grassland in southeastern Australia by non-native plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science 9:181-190.
42. Naeem, S., J. M. H. Knops, D. Tilman, K. M. Howe, T. Kennedy, and S. Gale. 2000. Plant diversity increases resistance to invasion in the absence of covarying extrinsic factors. Oikos 91:97-108.
43. Nichols, F. H., and M. M. Pamatmat. 1988. The ecology of the soft-bottom benthos of San Francisco Bay: a community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 85(7. 19).
44. Nichols, F. H., J. K. Thompson, and L. E. Schemel. 1990. Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA) by the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. II. Displacement of a former community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 66:95-101.
45. Niermann-Kerkenberg, E., and D. K. Hofmann. 1989. Fertilization and normal development in Ascidiella aspersa studied with Nomarski-optics. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen 43:245-258.
46. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). 1993. Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States. OTA, United States Congress, Washington, D.C., USA.
47. Osman, R. W. 1977. The establishment and development of a marine epifaunal community. Ecological Monographs 47:37-63.
48. Osman, R. W. 1978. The influence of seasonality and stability on the species equilibrium. Ecology 59:383-399.
49. Osman, R. W., and R. B. Whitlatch. 1995a. The influence of resident adults on settlement: experiments with four species of ascidians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 190:199-220.
50. Osman, R. W., and R. B. Whitlatch. 1995b. The influence of resident adults on recruitment: a comparison to settlement. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 190:169-198.
51. Osman, R. W., and R. B. Whitlatch. 1995c. Predation on early ontogenetic life-stages and its effect on recruitment into a marine community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 117:111-126.
52. Osman, R. W., and R. B. Whitlatch. 1996. Processes affecting newly-settled juveniles and the consequences to subsequent community development. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 30:217-225.
53. Osman, R. W., R. B. Whitlatch, and R. J. Malatesta. 1992. Potential role of micropredators in determining recruitment into a marine community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 83:35-43.
54. Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100:65-75.
55. Peterson, C. H. 1979. Predation, competitive exclusion, and diversity in the soft-sediment benthic communities of estuaries and lagoons. Pages 233-264 in R. J. Livingston, editor. Ecological processes in coastal and marine systems. Plenum, New York, New York, USA.
56. Planty-Tabacchi, A.-M., E. Tabacchi, R. J. Naiman, C. Deferrari, and H. Decamps. 1996. Invasibility of species-rich communities in riparian zones. Conservation Biology 10:598-607.
57. Post, W. M., and S. L. Pimm. 1983. Community assembly and food web stability. Mathematical Biosciences 64:169-192.
58. Reichard, S. H., and C. W. Hamilton. 1997. Predicting invasions of woody plants introduced into North America. Conservation Biology 11:193-203.
59. Rejmanek, M. 1996. Species richness and resistance to invasions. Pages 153-172 in G. H. Orians, R. Dirzo, and J. H. Cushman, editors. Biodiversity and ecosystemp Processes in tropical forests. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
60. Rejmanek, M., and D. M. Richardson. 1996. What attributes make some plant species more invasive. Ecology 77:1655-1661.
61. Robinson, G. R., J. F. Quinn, and M. L. Stanton. 1995. Invasibility of experimental habitat islands in a California winter annual grassland. Ecology 76:786-794.
62. Robinson, J. V., and W. D. Valentine. 1979. The concepts of elasticity, invulnerability, and invariability. Journal of Theoretical Biology 81:91-104.
63. Russ, G. R. 1982. Overgrowth in a marine epifaunal community: competitive hierarchies and competitive networks. Oecologia 53:12-19.
64. Sale, P. F. 1977. Maintenance of high diversity in coral reef fish communities. American Naturalist 111:337-359.
65. Schlapfer, F., and B. Schmid. 1999. Ecosystem effects of biodiversity: a classification of hypotheses and exploration of empirical results. Ecological Applications 9:893-912.
66. Schwartz, M. W., C. A. Brigham, J. D. Hoeksema, K. G. Lyons, M. H. Mills, and P. J. van Mantgem. 2000. Linking biodiversity to ecosystem function: implications for conservation ecology. Oecologia 122:297-305.
67. Sebens, K. P. 1986. Spatial relationships among encrusting marine organisms in the New England subtidal zone. Ecological Monographs 56:73-96.
68. Sousa, W. P. 2001. Natural disturbance and the dynamics of marine benthic communities. Pages 85-130 in M. D. Bertness, M. E. Hay, and S. D. Gaines, editors. Marine community ecology. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
69. Stachowicz, J. J., R. B. Whitlatch, and R. W. Osman. 1999. Species diversity and invasion resistance in a marine ecosystem. Science 286:1577-1579.
70. Stohlgren, T. J., D. Binkley, G. W. Chong, M. A. Kalkhan, L. D. Schnell, K. A. Bull, Y. Otsuki, G, Newman, M. Bashkin, and Y. Son. 1999. Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity. Ecological Monographs 69:25-46.
71. Sutherland, J. P. 1978. Functional roles of Schizoporella and Styela in the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecology 59:257-264.
72. Sutherland, J. P., and R. H. Karlson. 1977. Development and stability of the fouling community at Beaufort, N.C. Ecological Monographs 47:425-446.
73. Symstad, A. 2000. A test of the effects of functional group richness and composition on grassland invasibility. Ecology 81:99-109.
74. 15N in alpine plants: implications for the importance of competitive ability in predicting community structure in a stressful environment. Oikos 75:59-66.
75. Tilman, D., C. Lehman, and K. Thompson. 1997. Plant diversity and ecosystem productivity: theoretical considerations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 94:1857-1861.
76. Travis, J. 1993. Invader threatens Black. Azov Seas. Science 262:1366-1367.
77. Usher, M. B. 1988. Biological invasions of nature reserves: a search for generalizations. Biological Conservation 44:119-135.
78. Van Name, W. G. 1945. The north and south American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 84:1-475.
79. Vermeij, G. J. 1991. When biotas meet: understanding biotic interchange. Science 253:1099-1104.
80. Whitlatch, R., R. Osman, A. Frese, R. Malatesta, P. Mitchell, and L. Sedgewick. 1995. The ecology of two introduced marine ascidians and their effects on epifaunal organisms in Long Island Sound. Pages 29-48 in Proceedings of the Northeast Conference on Non-Indiginous Aquatic Nuisance Species. Connecticut Sea Grant Publication Number CT-SG-95-04.
81. Whittaker, R. H. 1975. Communities and ecosystems. Second edition. MacMillan, New York, New York, USA.
82. Wilcove, D. S., D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. Bioscience 48:607-615.
83. Wiser, S. K., R. B. Allen, P. W. Clinton, and K. H. Platt. 1998. Community structure and forest invasion by an exotic herb over 23 years. Ecology 79:2071-2081.
84. Witman, J. D., and P. K. Dayton. 2001. Rocky subtidal communities. Pages 339-366 in M. D. Bertness, M. E. Hay, and S. D. Gaines, editors. Marine community ecology. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
85. Woods, K. D. 1993. Effects on invasion by Lonicera tatarica L. on herbs and tree seedlings in four New England forests. American Midland Naturalist 130:62-74.
86. Worcester, S. E. 1994. Adult rafting versus larval swimming: dispersal and recruitment of a botryllid ascidian on eelgrass. Marine Biology 121:309-317.