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(S)-Tol-BINAP is the accepted abbreviation for (S)-(-)-2,2′-bis(di-p-tolylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, a commercially available diphosphine derivative.
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note
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The following list of amino alcohols examined is representative: 1-(dimethylamino)indan-2-ol, 2-(N, N-dimethylamino)-1,2-diphenylethanol, 2-(N, N-dimethylamino)-1, 1-diphenylpropanol, (1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-methanol, 2′-(dimethylamino)-1,1′-binaphthalenyl-2-ol, 2-dibutylamino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol, and 1-phenyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropan-1-ol.
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92
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note
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In preliminary studies we have observed that the process displays positive nonlinear behavior. Thus, when 4-phenyl-1-butyne was added to cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde in the presence of N-methylephedrine (20% ee), the resulting propargylic alcohol was isolated in 39% ee.
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95
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(b) Merino, P.; Franco, S.; Merchan, F. L.; Tejero, T. Asymmetric Addition Reactions of Lithium (Trimethylsilyl) Acetylide with Chiral α-Amino Nitrones. Synthesis of Diastereomerically Pure N-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acids. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 5627.
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Ready access to enantiopure 5-substituted-3-pyrrolin-2-ones from N-benzyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-glyceraldehyde nitrone (BIGN)
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For a recent report of the addition of silyl ketene acetals to nitrones, see: Ohtake, H.; Imada, Y.; Murahashi, S. I. Highly Diastereoselective Addition of a Chiral Ketene Silyl Acetal to Nitrones: Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Amino Acids and Key Intermediates of β-Lactam Antibiotics. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 3790.
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Asymmetric synthesis of α,α-dibranched amines by the trimethylaluminum-mediated 1,2-addition of organolithiums to tert-butanesulfinyl ketimines
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For highly diastereoselective additions to chiral ketimines, see: (a) Cogan, D. A.; Ellman, J. A. Asymmetric Synthesis of α,α-Dibranched Amines by the Trimethylaluminum-Mediated 1,2-Addition of Organolithiums to Tert-Butanesulfinyl Ketimines. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 727, 268.
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(c) Cogan, D. A.; Liu, G.; Kim, K.; Backes, B. J.; Ellman, J. A. Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidation of Tert-Butyl Disulfide. Synthesis of Tert-Butanesulfinamides, Tert-Butyl Sulfoxides, and Tert-Butanesulfinimines. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 720, 8011.
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(d) Davis, F. A.; Zhou, P.; Chen, B.-C. Asymmetric Synthesis of Amino Acids Using Sulfinimines (Thiooxime S-Oxides). Chem. Soc. Rev. 1998, 27, 13.
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Asymmetric addition reaction of organozinc reagents to nitrones using a catalytic amount of external chiral auxiliary
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For recent reports of additions to nitrones, see: (e) Ukaji, Y.; Kenmoku, Y.; Inomata, K. Asymmetric Addition Reaction of Organozinc Reagents to Nitrones Using a Catalytic Amount of External Chiral Auxiliary. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 53.
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Catalytic asymmetric addition reaction of dialkylzinc to nitrone utilizing tartaric acid ester as a chiral auxiliary
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(f) Ukaji, Y.; Shimizu, Y.; Kenmoku, Y.; Ahmed, A.; Inomata, K. Catalytic Asymmetric Addition Reaction of Dialkylzinc to Nitrone Utilizing Tartaric Acid Ester as a Chiral Auxiliary. Chem. Lett. 1997, 57.
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Catalytic asymmetric addition of dialkylzinc to 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxides utilizing tartaric acid ester as a chiral auxiliary
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Frantz, D. E.; Fässler, R.; Carreira, E. M. Catalytic In Situ Generation of Zn(II)-Alkynilides under Mild Conditions: A Novel C=N Addition Process Utilizing Terminal Acetylenes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11245.
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The use of (S)-O-(1-phenylbutyl)carboxaldehyde aldoximes for highly diastereoselective nucleophilic additions of organolithiums been reported by Moody, see Moody, C. J.; Hunt, J. C. A. Addition of 2-Lithiothiazoles to Rophy/Sophy Aldoximes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 1-(2-Thiazolyl) Ethylamines. Synlett 1999, S1, 984.
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