Effects of patient and physician practice socioeconomic status on the health care of privately insured managed care patients

Medical Care

Volumn 41, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 842-852

  Franks, Peter ^a,b   Fiscella, Kevin ^c   Beckett, Laurel ^b   Zwanziger, Jack ^c   Mooney, Cathy ^c   Gorthy, Shihfanghuang ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Primary care; Socioeconomic status; Utilization

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ECONOMICS; FEMALE; HEALTH INSURANCE; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; MALE; SOCIAL CLASS; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES; HUMANS; MALE; MANAGED CARE PROGRAMS; NEW YORK; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; SOCIAL CLASS;

EID: 0038004646     PISSN: 00257079     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005650-200307000-00008     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet 1991;337:1387-1393.
2. Pappas G, Queen S, Hadden W, et al. The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986. N Engl J Med 1993;329:103-109.
3. Adler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, et al. Socioeconomic status and health: the challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol 1994;49:15-24.
4. Smith GD, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, et al. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, II: black men. Am J Public Health 1996;86:497-504.
5. Smith GD, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, et al. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, I: white men. Am J Public Health 1996;86:486-496.
6. Gornick ME, Eggers PW, Reilly TW, et al. Effects of race and income on mortality and use of services among Medicare beneficiaries. N Engl J Med 1996;335:791-799.
7. Lantz PM, House JS, Lepkowski JM, et al. Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: results from a nationally representative prospective study of US adults. JAMA 1998;279:1703-1708.
8. Potosky AL, Breen N, Graubard BI, et al. The association between health care coverage and the use of cancer screening tests: results from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey. Med Care 1998;36:257-270.
9. Brechner RJ, Cowie CC, Howie LJ, et al. Ophthalmic examination among adults with diagnosed diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1993;270:1714-1718.
10. Brook RH, Kamberg CJ, Lohr KN, et al. Quality of ambulatory care: epidemiology and comparison by insurance status and income. Med Care 1990;28:392-433.
11. Kahn KL, Pearson ML, Harrison ER, et al. Health care for black and poor hospitalized Medicare patients. JAMA 1994;271:1169-1174.
12. Weinick RM, Beauregard KM. Women's use of preventive screening services: a comparison of HMO versus fee-for-service enrollees. Med Care Res Rev 1997;54:176-199.
13. Zaslavsky AM, Hochheimer JN, Schneider EC, et al. Impact of sociodemographic case mix on the HEDIS measures of health plan quality. Med Care 2000;38:981-992.
14. Hofer TP. Adjustment of physician profiles for patient Socioeconomic status using aggregate geographic data. Med Care 2001;39:4-7.
15. Krieger N, Waterman P, Chen JT, et al. Zip code caveat: bias due to spatiotemporal mismatches between zip codes and US Census-defined geographic areas-the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. Am J Public Health 2002;92:1100-1102.
16. Fisher LD, Van Belle G. Biostatistics: A Methodology for the Health Sciences. New York: Wiley-Interscience; 1993.
17. Diez Roux AV, Merkin SS, Arnett D, et al. Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:99-106.
18. Weiner JP, Starfield BH, Steinwachs DM, et al. Development and application of a populationoriented measure of ambulatory care case-mix. Med Care 1991;29:452-472.
19. Franks P, Mooney C, Sorbero M. Physician referral rates: style without much substance? Med Care 2000;38:836-846.
20. Salem-Schatz S, Moore G, Rucker M, et al. The case for case-mix adjustment in practice profiling: when good apples look bad. JAMA 1994;272:871-874.
21. Zeger SL, Liang KY, Albert PS. Models for longitudinal data: a generalized estimating equation. Biometrics 1988;44:1049-1060.
22. Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN: Professional Software for SUrvey DAta Analysis [computer software]. Version 8.00. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 2001.
23. Schillinger D, Grumbach K, Piette J, et al. Association of health literacy with diabetes outcomes. JAMA 2002;288:475-482.
24. Scott TL, Gazmararian JA, Williams MV, et al. Health literacy and preventive health care use among Medicare enrollees in a managed care organization. Med Care 2002;40:395-404.
25. Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, et al. Health literacy and the risk of hospital admission. J Gen Intern Med 1998;13:791-798.
26. Van Der Pol MM, Cairns JA. Negative and zero time preference for health. Health Econ 2000;9:171-175.
27. Fiscella K. Is lower income associated with greater biopsychosocial morbidity? implications for physicians working with underserved patients. J Fam Pract 1999;48:372-377.
28. Rost K, Nutting P, Smith J, et al. The role of competing demands in the treatment provided primary care patients with major depression. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:150-154.
29. Redelmeier DA, Tan SH, Booth GL. The treatment of unrelated disorders in patients with chronic medical diseases. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1516-1520.
30. Jaen CR, Stange KC, Nutting PA. Competing demands of primary care: a model for the delivery of clinical preventive services. J Fam Pract 1994;38:166-171.
31. Fontana SA, Baumann LC, Helberg C, et al. The delivery of preventive services in primary care practices according to chronic disease status. Am J Public Health 1997;87:1190-1196.
32. Mulherin SA, Miller WC. Spectrum bias or spectrum effect? subgroup variation in diagnostic test evaluation. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:598-602.
33. Spirito P, Chiarella F, Carratino L, et al. Clinical course and prognosis of hypertrophie cardiomyopathy in an outpatient population. N Engl J Med 1989;320:749-755.
34. Franks P, Clancy CM, Nutting PA. Gatekeeping revisited-protecting patients from overtreatment. N Engl J Med 1992;327:424-429.
35. Solberg LI, Kottke TE, Brekke ML, et al. Using continuous quality improvement to increase preventive services in clinical practice-going beyond guidelines. Prev Med 1996;25:259-267.
36. Ramsey SD, Cheadle AD, Neighbor WE, et al. Relative impact of patient and clinic factors on adherence to primary care preventive service guidelines: an exploratory study. Med Care 2001;39:979-989.
37. Starfield B, Powe NR, Weiner JP, et al. Costs vs quality in different types of primary care settings. JAMA 1994;272:1903-1908.
38. Fairbrother G, DuMont KA, Friedman S, et al. New York City physicians serving high volumes of Medicaid children: who are they and how do they practice? Inquiry 1995;32:345-352.
39. Mick SS, Lee SY. The safety-net role of international medical graduates. Health Aff (Millwood) 1997;16:141-150.
40. Mick SS, Comfort ME. The quality of care of international medical graduates: how does it compare to that of U.S. medical graduates? Med Care Res Rev 1997;54:379-413.
41. Dievler A, Giovannini T. Community health centers: promise and performance. Med Care Res Rev 1998;55:405-431.
42. Politzer RM, Yoon J, Shi L, et al. Inequality in America: the contribution of health centers in reducing and eliminating disparities in access to care. Med Care Res Rev 2001;58:234-248.
43. Fiscella K, Franks P, Gold MR, et al. Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care. JAMA 2000;283:2579-2584.
44. Krieger N. Women and social class: a methodological study comparing individual, household, and census measures as predictors of black/white differences in reproductive history. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1991;45:35-42.
45. Krieger N. Overcoming the absence of socioeconomic data in medical records: validation and application of a census-based methodology. Am J Pub Health 1992;82:703-710.
46. Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE. Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 1997;18:341-378.
47. Greenwald HP, Polissar NL, Borgatta EF, et al. Detecting survival effects of socioeconomic status: problems in the use of aggregate measures. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47:903-909.
48. Geronimus AT, Bound J. Use of Census-based aggregate variables to proxy for socioeconomic group: evidence from national samples. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:475-486.
49. Soobader M, LeClere FB, Hadden W, et al. Using aggregate geographic data to proxy individual socioeconomic status: does size matter? Am J Public Health 2001;91:632-636.
50. Diez-Roux AV, Nieto FJ, Muntaner C, et al. Neighborhood environments and coronary heart disease: a multilevel analysis. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:48-63.
51. Duncan C, Jones K, Moon G. Context, composition and heterogeneity: using multilevel models in health research. Soc Sci Med 1998;46:97-117.
52. Phillips KA, Morrison KR, Andersen R, et al. Understanding the context of healthcare utilizationassessing environmental and provider-related variables in the behavioral model of utilization. Health Serv Res 1998;33:571-596.
53. Diezroux AV. Bringing context back into epidemiology - variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis. Am J Public Health 1998;88:216-222.
54. Wells BL, Horm JW. Targeting the underserved for breast and cervical cancer screening: the utility of ecological analysis using the National Health Interview Survey. Am J Public Health 1998;88:1484-1489.
55. Fiscella K, Franks P. Impact of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles: a comparison of census-derived and individual measures. Med Care 2001;39:8-14.
56. Epstein AM. Rolling down the runway: the challenges ahead for quality report cards. JAMA 1998;279:1691-1696.
57. Schneider EC, Riehl V, Courte-Wienecke S, et al. Enhancing performance measurement: NCQA's road map for a health information framework. National Committee for Quality Assurance. JAMA 1999;282: 1184-1190.