메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 479-492

Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: Past, present and future

Author keywords

Biosphere atmosphere interactions; Carbon dioxide; Ecosystem physiology; Micrometeorology

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; ATMOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE INTERACTION; CARBON BALANCE; CARBON DIOXIDE; EDDY COVARIANCE; GAS EXCHANGE;

EID: 0037995440     PISSN: 13541013     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00629.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1932)

References (127)
  • 1
    • 0032502972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Footprint climatologies for evapotranspiration in a boreal catchment
    • Amiro BD (1998) Footprint climatologies for evapotranspiration in a boreal catchment. Agriculture For Meteorology, 90, 195-201.
    • (1998) Agriculture For Meteorology , vol.90 , pp. 195-201
    • Amiro, B.D.1
  • 3
    • 0022853922 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide, water vapor and sensible heat exchanges of a grain sorghum canopy
    • Anderson DE, Verma SB (1986) Carbon dioxide, water vapor and sensible heat exchanges of a grain sorghum canopy. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 34, 317-331.
    • (1986) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.34 , pp. 317-331
    • Anderson, D.E.1    Verma, S.B.2
  • 6
    • 0033597532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon and water vapor exchange of an open-canopied ponderosa pine ecosystem
    • Anthoni PM, Law BE, Unsworth MH (1999) Carbon and water vapor exchange of an open-canopied ponderosa pine ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 95, 115-168.
    • (1999) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.95 , pp. 115-168
    • Anthoni, P.M.1    Law, B.E.2    Unsworth, M.H.3
  • 7
    • 0037204863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal differences in carbon and water vapor exchange in young and old-growth ponderosa pine ecosystems
    • Anthoni PM, Unsworth MH, Law BE et al. (2002) Seasonal differences in carbon and water vapor exchange in young and old-growth ponderosa pine ecosystems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 111 (3), 203-222.
    • (2002) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-222
    • Anthoni, P.M.1    Unsworth, M.H.2    Law, B.E.3
  • 8
    • 0035797088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longterm carbon dioxide exchange above a mixed forest in the Belgian Ardennes
    • Aubinet M, Chermanne B, Vandenhaute M et al. (2001) Longterm carbon dioxide exchange above a mixed forest in the Belgian Ardennes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 108, 293-315.
    • (2001) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.108 , pp. 293-315
    • Aubinet, M.1    Chermanne, B.2    Vandenhaute, M.3
  • 9
    • 77956781377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of European forests: The EUROFLUX methodology
    • Aubinet M, Grelle A, Ibrom A et al. (2000) Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of European forests: the EUROFLUX methodology. Advances in Ecological Research, 30, 113-175.
    • (2000) Advances in Ecological Research , vol.30 , pp. 113-175
    • Aubinet, M.1    Grelle, A.2    Ibrom, A.3
  • 10
    • 0001633245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystemscale carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy flux densities
    • Baldocchi DD, Falge E, Gu L et al. (2001a) FLUXNET: a new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystemscale carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy flux densities. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82, 2415-2434.
    • (2001) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , vol.82 , pp. 2415-2434
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Falge, E.2    Gu, L.3
  • 11
    • 0035282879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spectral analysis of biosphere-atmosphere trace gas flux densities and meteorological variables across hour to multi-year time scales
    • Baldocchi DD, Falge E, Wilson KW (2001b) A spectral analysis of biosphere-atmosphere trace gas flux densities and meteorological variables across hour to multi-year time scales. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 107, 1-27.
    • (2001) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.107 , pp. 1-27
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Falge, E.2    Wilson, K.W.3
  • 12
    • 0033929533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On measuring net ecosystem carbon exchange in complex terrain over tall vegetation
    • Baldocchi DD, Finnigan JJ, Wilson KW et al. (2000) On measuring net ecosystem carbon exchange in complex terrain over tall vegetation. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 96, 257-291.
    • (2000) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.96 , pp. 257-291
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Finnigan, J.J.2    Wilson, K.W.3
  • 13
    • 0024256247 scopus 로고
    • Measuring biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of biologically related gases with micrometeorological methods
    • Baldocchi DD, Hicks BB, Meyers TP (1988) Measuring biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of biologically related gases with micrometeorological methods. Ecology, 69, 1331-1340.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1331-1340
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Hicks, B.B.2    Meyers, T.P.3
  • 14
    • 0028992604 scopus 로고
    • Intra-field variability of scalar flux densities across a transition between a desert and an irrigated potato field
    • Baldocchi DD, Rao KS (1995) Intra-field variability of scalar flux densities across a transition between a desert and an irrigated potato field. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 76, 109-136.
    • (1995) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.76 , pp. 109-136
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Rao, K.S.2
  • 15
    • 0003090805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 flux densities above and below a temperate broadleaf and a boreal pine forest
    • 2 flux densities above and below a temperate broadleaf and a boreal pine forest. Tree Physiology, 16, 5-16.
    • (1996) Tree Physiology , vol.16 , pp. 5-16
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Vogel, C.2
  • 17
    • 0034724961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the moisture balance of a boreal aspen forest using a deep groundwater piezometer
    • Barr AG, van der Kamp G, Schmidt R et al. (2000) Monitoring the moisture balance of a boreal aspen forest using a deep groundwater piezometer. Agriculture For Meteorology, 102, 13-24.
    • (2000) Agriculture For Meteorology , vol.102 , pp. 13-24
    • Barr, A.G.1    van der Kamp, G.2    Schmidt, R.3
  • 18
    • 0038514515 scopus 로고
    • 2 between atmosphere and vegetation, particularly forests stands
    • 2 between atmosphere and vegetation, particularly forests stands. Photosynthetica, 3, 127-149.
    • (1969) Photosynthetica , vol.3 , pp. 127-149
    • Baumgartner, A.1
  • 19
    • 0035303338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term carbon dioxide fluxes from a very tall tower in a northern forest: Flux measurement methodology
    • Berger BW, Davis KJ, Yi C et al. (2001) Long-term carbon dioxide fluxes from a very tall tower in a northern forest: flux measurement methodology. Journal of Atmosphere and Ocean Technology, 18, 529-542.
    • (2001) Journal of Atmosphere and Ocean Technology , vol.18 , pp. 529-542
    • Berger, B.W.1    Davis, K.J.2    Yi, C.3
  • 23
    • 0034031508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere
    • Canadell J, Mooney H, Baldocchi D et al. (2000) Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere. Ecosystems, 3, 115-130.
    • (2000) Ecosystems , vol.3 , pp. 115-130
    • Canadell, J.1    Mooney, H.2    Baldocchi, D.3
  • 24
    • 0035014936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are old forests underestimated as global carbon sinks?
    • Carey EV, Sala A, Keane R et al. (2001) Are old forests underestimated as global carbon sinks? Global Change Biology, 7, 339-344.
    • (2001) Global Change Biology , vol.7 , pp. 339-344
    • Carey, E.V.1    Sala, A.2    Keane, R.3
  • 25
    • 0036010315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biophysical controls of carbon flows in three successional Douglas-fir stands based on eddy-covariance measurements
    • Chen J, Falk M, Euskirchen E et al. (2002) Biophysical controls of carbon flows in three successional Douglas-fir stands based on eddy-covariance measurements. Tree Physiology, 22, 169-177.
    • (2002) Tree Physiology , vol.22 , pp. 169-177
    • Chen, J.1    Falk, M.2    Euskirchen, E.3
  • 26
    • 0035068983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring net primary production in forests: Concepts and field measurements
    • Clark DA, Brown S, Kicklighter DW et al. (2001) Measuring net primary production in forests: concepts and field measurements. Ecological Applications, 11, 356-370.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 356-370
    • Clark, D.A.1    Brown, S.2    Kicklighter, D.W.3
  • 27
    • 33847504748 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of stomatal conductance and transpiration: A physiological model of canopy processes
    • Collatz GJ, Ball JT, Grivet C et al. (1991) Regulation of stomatal conductance and transpiration: a physiological model of canopy processes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54, 107-136.
    • (1991) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.54 , pp. 107-136
    • Collatz, G.J.1    Ball, J.T.2    Grivet, C.3
  • 28
    • 0000504281 scopus 로고
    • 2 exchange over the Alaskan arctic tundra: Meteorological assessment by an aerodynamic method
    • 2 exchange over the Alaskan arctic tundra: meteorological assessment by an aerodynamic method. Journal of Applied Ecology, 12, 587-611.
    • (1975) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 587-611
    • Coyne, P.I.1    Kelly, J.J.2
  • 29
    • 0037010668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biometric and eddy covariance based estimates of annual carbon storage in five eastern North American deciduous forests
    • Curtis PS, Hanson PJ, Bolstad P et al. (2002) Biometric and eddy covariance based estimates of annual carbon storage in five eastern North American deciduous forests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113, 3-19.
    • (2002) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.113 , pp. 3-19
    • Curtis, P.S.1    Hanson, P.J.2    Bolstad, P.3
  • 30
    • 0037010658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimizing artifacts and biases in chamber-based measurements of soil respiration
    • Davidson EA, Savage K, Verchot LV et al. (2002) Minimizing artifacts and biases in chamber-based measurements of soil respiration. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113, 21-37.
    • (2002) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.113 , pp. 21-37
    • Davidson, E.A.1    Savage, K.2    Verchot, L.V.3
  • 31
    • 0001357385 scopus 로고
    • Comparative micrometeorology of a wheat field and a forest of Pinus radiata
    • Denmead OT (1969) Comparative micrometeorology of a wheat field and a forest of Pinus radiata. Agricultural Meteorology, 6, 357-371.
    • (1969) Agricultural Meteorology , vol.6 , pp. 357-371
    • Denmead, O.T.1
  • 32
    • 0027790028 scopus 로고
    • Measuring water use efficiency of Eucalpyt trees with chambers and micrometeorological techniques
    • Denmead OT, Dunin FX, Wong SC et al. (1993) Measuring water use efficiency of Eucalpyt trees with chambers and micrometeorological techniques. Journal of Hydrology, 150, 649-664.
    • (1993) Journal of Hydrology , vol.150 , pp. 649-664
    • Denmead, O.T.1    Dunin, F.X.2    Wong, S.C.3
  • 35
    • 0010595103 scopus 로고
    • 2 flux densities from surface and airborne sensors
    • Springer, Berlin
    • 2 flux densities from surface and airborne sensors. In: Advances in Bioclimatology, pp. 2-23. Springer, Berlin.
    • (1991) Advances in Bioclimatology , pp. 2-23
    • Desjardins, R.L.1
  • 36
    • 0038514514 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of an eddy covariance technique for the determination of the carbon dioxide and sensible heat fluxes
    • Desjardins RL, Lemon ER (1974) Limitations of an eddy covariance technique for the determination of the carbon dioxide and sensible heat fluxes. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 5, 475-488.
    • (1974) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.5 , pp. 475-488
    • Desjardins, R.L.1    Lemon, E.R.2
  • 37
    • 0036296419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An initial intercomparison of micrometeorological and ecological inventory estimates of carbon exchange in a mid-latitude deciduous forest
    • Ehman JL, Schmid HP, Grimmond CSB et al. (2002) An initial intercomparison of micrometeorological and ecological inventory estimates of carbon exchange in a mid-latitude deciduous forest. Global Change Biology, 8, 575-589.
    • (2002) Global Change Biology , vol.8 , pp. 575-589
    • Ehman, J.L.1    Schmid, H.P.2    Grimmond, C.S.B.3
  • 38
    • 0000908255 scopus 로고
    • Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest
    • Ellsworth DS, Reich PB (1993) Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest. Oecologia, 96, 169-178.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.96 , pp. 169-178
    • Ellsworth, D.S.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 40
    • 0035283089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange
    • Falge E, Baldocchi DD, Olson R et al. (2001) Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 107, 43-69.
    • (2001) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.107 , pp. 43-69
    • Falge, E.1    Baldocchi, D.D.2    Olson, R.3
  • 41
    • 0037010666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FLUXNET measurements
    • Falge E, Baldocchi D, Tenhunen J et al. (2002) Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FLUXNET measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113, 53-74.
    • (2002) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.113 , pp. 53-74
    • Falge, E.1    Baldocchi, D.2    Tenhunen, J.3
  • 43
    • 0002192930 scopus 로고
    • A portable system for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapor exchanges of leaves
    • Field CB, Berry JA, Mooney HA (1982) A portable system for measuring carbon dioxide and water vapor exchanges of leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment, 5, 179-186.
    • (1982) Plant, Cell and Environment , vol.5 , pp. 179-186
    • Field, C.B.1    Berry, J.A.2    Mooney, H.A.3
  • 44
    • 0033613138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comment on the paper by Lee (1998): On micrometeorological observations of surface-air exchange over tall vegetation
    • Finnigan JJ (1999) A comment on the paper by Lee (1998): On micrometeorological observations of surface-air exchange over tall vegetation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97, 55-64.
    • (1999) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.97 , pp. 55-64
    • Finnigan, J.J.1
  • 45
    • 0029729108 scopus 로고
    • Tools for quality assessment of surface-based flux measurements
    • Foken Th, Wichura B (1995) Tools for quality assessment of surface-based flux measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 78, 83-105.
    • (1995) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.78 , pp. 83-105
    • Foken, Th.1    Wichura, B.2
  • 47
    • 0010401228 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of the eddy correlation technique for determination of turbulent fluxes near the surface
    • Garratt JR (1975) Limitations of the eddy correlation technique for determination of turbulent fluxes near the surface. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 8, 255-259.
    • (1975) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.8 , pp. 255-259
    • Garratt, J.R.1
  • 48
    • 18244406591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary productivity of planet earth: Biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats
    • Geider RJ, Delucia EH, Falkowski PG et al. (2001) Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Global Change Biology, 7, 849-882.
    • (2001) Global Change Biology , vol.7 , pp. 849-882
    • Geider, R.J.1    Delucia, E.H.2    Falkowski, P.G.3
  • 49
    • 0030921227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 exchange at the moss surface of a black spruce forest
    • 2 exchange at the moss surface of a black spruce forest. Tree Physiology, 17, 537-542.
    • (1997) Tree Physiology , vol.17 , pp. 537-542
    • Goulden, M.L.1    Crill, P.M.2
  • 50
    • 0030426558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of carbon storage by long-term eddy correlation: Methods and a critical assessment of accuracy
    • Goulden ML, Munger JW, Fan SM et al. (1996a) Measurement of carbon storage by long-term eddy correlation: methods and a critical assessment of accuracy. Global Change Biology, 2, 169-182.
    • (1996) Global Change Biology , vol.2 , pp. 169-182
    • Goulden, M.L.1    Munger, J.W.2    Fan, S.M.3
  • 51
    • 0029667226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exchange of carbon dioxide by a deciduous forest: Response to interannual climate variability
    • Goulden ML, Munger JW, Fan SM et al. (1996b) Exchange of carbon dioxide by a deciduous forest: response to interannual climate variability. Science, 271, 1576-1578.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1576-1578
    • Goulden, M.L.1    Munger, J.W.2    Fan, S.M.3
  • 52
    • 0030511818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of eddy covariance to infer the net carbon dioxide uptake of Brazilian rain forest
    • Grace J, Malhi Y, Lloyd J et al. (1996) The use of eddy covariance to infer the net carbon dioxide uptake of Brazilian rain forest. Global Change Biology, 2, 209-217.
    • (1996) Global Change Biology , vol.2 , pp. 209-217
    • Grace, J.1    Malhi, Y.2    Lloyd, J.3
  • 53
    • 0033846663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carbon balance of a young beech forest
    • Granier A, Ceschia E, Damesin C et al. (2000) The carbon balance of a young beech forest. Functional Ecology, 14, 312-325.
    • (2000) Functional Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 312-325
    • Granier, A.1    Ceschia, E.2    Damesin, C.3
  • 54
    • 0030483171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 and water vapor exchange rates over a temperate deciduous forest
    • 2 and water vapor exchange rates over a temperate deciduous forest. Global Change Biology, 2, 183-198.
    • (1996) Global Change Biology , vol.2 , pp. 183-198
    • Greco, S.1    Baldocchi, D.D.2
  • 55
    • 0033384922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal patterns and environmental control of carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange in an ecotonal boreal forest
    • Hollinger DY, Goltz SM, Davidson EA et al. (1999) Seasonal patterns and environmental control of carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange in an ecotonal boreal forest. Global Change Biology, 5, 891-902.
    • (1999) Global Change Biology , vol.5 , pp. 891-902
    • Hollinger, D.Y.1    Goltz, S.M.2    Davidson, E.A.3
  • 56
    • 0038514516 scopus 로고
    • 2 between a salt marsh and the atmosphere
    • 2 between a salt marsh and the atmosphere. Ecology, 61, 1434-1445.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 1434-1445
    • Houghton, R.A.1    Woodwell, G.2
  • 59
    • 5244303933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy exchanges of a boreal black spruce forest
    • Jarvis PG, Massheder J, Hale S et al. (1997) Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy exchanges of a boreal black spruce forest. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 28953-28967.
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , pp. 28953-28967
    • Jarvis, P.G.1    Massheder, J.2    Hale, S.3
  • 62
    • 0029797240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If a tree falls in the forest
    • Keller M, Clark DA, Clark DB et al. (1996) If a tree falls in the forest. Science, 273, 201.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 201
    • Keller, M.1    Clark, D.A.2    Clark, D.B.3
  • 63
    • 0025629172 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide exchange in a temperate grassland ecosystem
    • Kim J, Verma SB (1990) Carbon dioxide exchange in a temperate grassland ecosystem. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 52, 135-149.
    • (1990) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.52 , pp. 135-149
    • Kim, J.1    Verma, S.B.2
  • 64
    • 0028974846 scopus 로고
    • A re-evaluation of the Webb correction using density-weighted averages
    • Kramm G, Dlugi R, Lenschow DH (1995) A re-evaluation of the Webb correction using density-weighted averages. Journal of Hydrology, 166, 283-292.
    • (1995) Journal of Hydrology , vol.166 , pp. 283-292
    • Kramm, G.1    Dlugi, R.2    Lenschow, D.H.3
  • 66
    • 0003587645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment methods for soil carbon
    • Lewis Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Lal R, Kimble JM, Follett RF et al. (2001) Assessment Methods for Soil Carbon. Advances in Soil Science, pp. 676. Lewis Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    • (2001) Advances in Soil Science , pp. 676
    • Lal, R.1    Kimble, J.M.2    Follett, R.F.3
  • 67
    • 0031447731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing nocturnal eddy covariance measurements to estimates of ecosystem respiration made by scaling chamber measurements
    • Lavigne MB, Ryan MG, Anderson DE et al. (1997) Comparing nocturnal eddy covariance measurements to estimates of ecosystem respiration made by scaling chamber measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 28977-28986.
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , pp. 28977-28986
    • Lavigne, M.B.1    Ryan, M.G.2    Anderson, D.E.3
  • 68
    • 0038514517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The AmeriFlux network paradigm for measuring and understanding the role of the terrestrial biosphere in global climate change
    • in press
    • Law BE, Bakwin PS, Baldocchi DD et al. (in press) The AmeriFlux network paradigm for measuring and understanding the role of the terrestrial biosphere in global climate change. Bioscience.
    • Bioscience
    • Law, B.E.1    Bakwin, P.S.2    Baldocchi, D.D.3
  • 69
    • 0035824377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variation in respiration in a young Ponderosa pine forest during a summer drought
    • Law BE, Kelliher FM, Baldocchi DD et al. (2001) Spatial and temporal variation in respiration in a young Ponderosa pine forest during a summer drought. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 110, 27-43.
    • (2001) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.110 , pp. 27-43
    • Law, B.E.1    Kelliher, F.M.2    Baldocchi, D.D.3
  • 70
    • 0345518008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and annual respiration of a ponderosa pine ecosystem
    • Law BE, Ryan MG, Anthoni PM (1999) Seasonal and annual respiration of a ponderosa pine ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 5, 169-182.
    • (1999) Global Change Biology , vol.5 , pp. 169-182
    • Law, B.E.1    Ryan, M.G.2    Anthoni, P.M.3
  • 71
    • 0031812295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On micrometeorological observations of surface-air exchange over tall vegetation
    • Lee X (1998) On micrometeorological observations of surface-air exchange over tall vegetation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 91, 39-50.
    • (1998) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.91 , pp. 39-50
    • Lee, X.1
  • 72
    • 0030425214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide exchange and nocturnal processes over a mixed deciduous forest
    • Lee X, Black TA, den Hartog G et al. (1996) Carbon dioxide exchange and nocturnal processes over a mixed deciduous forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 81, 13-29.
    • (1996) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.81 , pp. 13-29
    • Lee, X.1    Black, T.A.2    den Hartog, G.3
  • 74
    • 0001682982 scopus 로고
    • Photosynthesis under field conditions. II. An aerodynamic method for determining the turbulent carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and a corn field
    • Lemon ER (1960) Photosynthesis under field conditions. II. An aerodynamic method for determining the turbulent carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and a corn field. Agronomy Journal, 52, 697-703.
    • (1960) Agronomy Journal , vol.52 , pp. 697-703
    • Lemon, E.R.1
  • 75
    • 0002979829 scopus 로고
    • Micrometeorological techniques for measuring biosphere-atmosphere trace gas exchange
    • (eds Matson PA and Harriss RC), Blackwell, London
    • Lenschow DH (1995) Micrometeorological techniques for measuring biosphere-atmosphere trace gas exchange. In: Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water (eds Matson PA & Harriss RC), pp. 126-163. Blackwell, London.
    • (1995) Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water , pp. 126-163
    • Lenschow, D.H.1
  • 77
    • 0030497367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative merits of open and closed path analysers for measurement of eddy fluxes
    • Leuning R, Judd MJ (1996) The relative merits of open and closed path analysers for measurement of eddy fluxes. Global Change Biology, 2, 241-253.
    • (1996) Global Change Biology , vol.2 , pp. 241-253
    • Leuning, R.1    Judd, M.J.2
  • 78
    • 0025658213 scopus 로고
    • 2 analysers: Corrections for analyzer water vapour sensitivity and damping of fluctuations in air sampling tubes
    • 2 analysers: corrections for analyzer water vapour sensitivity and damping of fluctuations in air sampling tubes. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 53, 63-76.
    • (1990) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.53 , pp. 63-76
    • Leuning, R.1    Moncrieff, J.2
  • 79
    • 0031824027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term measurements of boreal forest carbon balance reveal large temperature sensitivity
    • Lindroth A, Grelle A, Moren AS (1998) Long-term measurements of boreal forest carbon balance reveal large temperature sensitivity. Global Change Biology, 4, 443-450.
    • (1998) Global Change Biology , vol.4 , pp. 443-450
    • Lindroth, A.1    Grelle, A.2    Moren, A.S.3
  • 80
    • 0002469838 scopus 로고
    • Enclosure-based measurements of trace gas exchange: Applications and sources of error
    • (eds Matson PA, Harriss RC), Blackwell Science, London
    • Livingston GP, Hutchinson GL (1995) Enclosure-based measurements of trace gas exchange: applications and sources of error. In: Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water (eds Matson PA, Harriss RC), pp. 14-51. Blackwell Science, London.
    • (1995) Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water , pp. 14-51
    • Livingston, G.P.1    Hutchinson, G.L.2
  • 82
    • 17144433502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide transfer over a central Amazonian rain forest
    • Malhi Y, Nobre AD, Grace J et al. (1998) Carbon dioxide transfer over a central Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 31593-31612.
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.103 , pp. 31593-31612
    • Malhi, Y.1    Nobre, A.D.2    Grace, J.3
  • 83
    • 0034726548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems
    • Massman WJ (2000) A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 104, 185-198.
    • (2000) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.104 , pp. 185-198
    • Massman, W.J.1
  • 84
    • 0037010671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long term studies of carbon and energy exchanges
    • Massman WJ, Lee X (2002) Eddy covariance flux corrections and uncertainties in long term studies of carbon and energy exchanges. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113, 121-144.
    • (2002) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.113 , pp. 121-144
    • Massman, W.J.1    Lee, X.2
  • 85
    • 0023823518 scopus 로고
    • An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain
    • McMillen RT (1988) An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 43, 231-245.
    • (1988) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.43 , pp. 231-245
    • McMillen, R.T.1
  • 86
    • 0030497596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The propagation of errors in long term measurements of land atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water
    • Moncrieff JB, Mahli Y, Leuning R (1996) The propagation of errors in long term measurements of land atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water. Global Change Biology, 2, 231-240.
    • (1996) Global Change Biology , vol.2 , pp. 231-240
    • Moncrieff, J.B.1    Mahli, Y.2    Leuning, R.3
  • 88
    • 0022832633 scopus 로고
    • Frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems
    • Moore CJ (1986) Frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 37, 17-35.
    • (1986) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.37 , pp. 17-35
    • Moore, C.J.1
  • 89
    • 0021538773 scopus 로고
    • Application of an infrared carbon dioxide and humidity instrument to studies of turbulent transport
    • Ohtaki E (1984) Application of an infrared carbon dioxide and humidity instrument to studies of turbulent transport. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 29, 85-107.
    • (1984) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.29 , pp. 85-107
    • Ohtaki, E.1
  • 91
    • 0033730146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correction of eddy covariance measurements incorporating both advective effects and density fluxes
    • Paw UK, Baldocchi DD, Meyers TP et al. (2000) Correction of eddy covariance measurements incorporating both advective effects and density fluxes. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 97, 487-511.
    • (2000) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.97 , pp. 487-511
    • Paw, U.K.1    Baldocchi, D.D.2    Meyers, T.P.3
  • 92
    • 0034484692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon balance in European forests: Interpreting Euroflux
    • Piovesan G, Adams JM (2000) Carbon balance in European forests: interpreting Euroflux. Journal of Vegetable Science, 11, 923-926.
    • (2000) Journal of Vegetable Science , vol.11 , pp. 923-926
    • Piovesan, G.1    Adams, J.M.2
  • 93
    • 0018612653 scopus 로고
    • Anomalies in flux-gradient relationships over forests
    • Raupach MR (1979) Anomalies in flux-gradient relationships over forests. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 16, 467-486.
    • (1979) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.16 , pp. 467-486
    • Raupach, M.R.1
  • 94
    • 0001047881 scopus 로고
    • On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the determination of criterion
    • Reynolds O (1895) On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the determination of criterion. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London, A174, 935-982.
    • (1895) Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society of London , vol.174 A , pp. 935-982
    • Reynolds, O.1
  • 95
    • 0001383389 scopus 로고
    • Grasslands
    • (eds Monteith JL), Academic Press, London
    • Ripley EA, Redman RE (1976) Grasslands. In: Vegetation and the Atmosphere, Vol. 2 (eds Monteith JL), pp. 349-398. Academic Press, London.
    • (1976) Vegetation and the Atmosphere , vol.2 , pp. 349-398
    • Ripley, E.A.1    Redman, R.E.2
  • 97
    • 0033215477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global terrestrial monitoring network, scaling tower fluxes with ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data
    • Running SW, Baldocchi DD, Turner D et al. (1999) A global terrestrial monitoring network, scaling tower fluxes with ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data. Remote Sensing Environment, 70, 108-127.
    • (1999) Remote Sensing Environment , vol.70 , pp. 108-127
    • Running, S.W.1    Baldocchi, D.D.2    Turner, D.3
  • 98
    • 0028667869 scopus 로고
    • Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes
    • Schmid HP (1994) Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 67, 293-318.
    • (1994) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.67 , pp. 293-318
    • Schmid, H.P.1
  • 100
    • 0033548452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial representativeness and the location bias of flux footprints over inhomogeneous areas
    • Schmid HP, Lloyd CR (1999) Spatial representativeness and the location bias of flux footprints over inhomogeneous areas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 93, 195-209.
    • (1999) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.93 , pp. 195-209
    • Schmid, H.P.1    Lloyd, C.R.2
  • 103
    • 0023757023 scopus 로고
    • Corrections for the effect of background concentration change and sensor drift in real-time eddy covariance systems
    • Shuttleworth WJ (1988) Corrections for the effect of background concentration change and sensor drift in real-time eddy covariance systems. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 42, 167-180.
    • (1988) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.42 , pp. 167-180
    • Shuttleworth, W.J.1
  • 104
    • 0031685514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of similarity theory in the roughness sublayer above forests
    • Simpson IJ, Thurtell GW, Neumann HH et al. (1998) The validity of similarity theory in the roughness sublayer above forests. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 87, 69-99.
    • (1998) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.87 , pp. 69-99
    • Simpson, I.J.1    Thurtell, G.W.2    Neumann, H.H.3
  • 105
    • 0033765457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 fluxes from canopy to landscape using flux data, footprint modeling and remote sensing
    • 2 fluxes from canopy to landscape using flux data, footprint modeling and remote sensing. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14, 725-744.
    • (2000) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.14 , pp. 725-744
    • Soegaard, H.1    Nordstroem, C.2    Friborg, T.3
  • 106
    • 18844469309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of carbon dioxide, water vapor and ozone by turbulence and local circulations
    • Sun J, Desjardins R, Mahrt L et al. (1998) Transport of carbon dioxide, water vapor and ozone by turbulence and local circulations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 25873-25885.
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.103 , pp. 25873-25885
    • Sun, J.1    Desjardins, R.2    Mahrt, L.3
  • 107
    • 0027789384 scopus 로고
    • 2 flux using a closed path sensor: Theory and field test against an open path sensor
    • 2 flux using a closed path sensor: theory and field test against an open path sensor. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 64, 391-407.
    • (1993) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.64 , pp. 391-407
    • Suyker, A.E.1    Verma, S.B.2
  • 108
    • 0035053190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Year-round observations of the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide in a native tall grass prairie
    • Suyker AE, Verma SB (2001) Year-round observations of the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide in a native tall grass prairie. Global Change Biology, 7, 279-290.
    • (2001) Global Change Biology , vol.7 , pp. 279-290
    • Suyker, A.E.1    Verma, S.B.2
  • 109
    • 0000420210 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddies in the lower atmosphere
    • Swinbank WC (1951) Measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddies in the lower atmosphere. Journal of Meteorology, 8, 135-145.
    • (1951) Journal of Meteorology , vol.8 , pp. 135-145
    • Swinbank, W.C.1
  • 111
    • 0030483052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal net carbon dioxide exchange of a beech forest with the atmosphere
    • Valentini RP, de Angelis G, Matteucci R et al. (1996) Seasonal net carbon dioxide exchange of a beech forest with the atmosphere. Global Change Biology, 2, 199-208.
    • (1996) Global Change Biology , vol.2 , pp. 199-208
    • Valentini, R.P.1    de Angelis, G.2    Matteucci, R.3
  • 112
    • 0034690165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests
    • Valentini R, Matteucci G, Dolman AJ et al. (2000) Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests. Nature, 404, 861-864.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 861-864
    • Valentini, R.1    Matteucci, G.2    Dolman, A.J.3
  • 113
    • 0026296359 scopus 로고
    • An experimental test of the eddy correlation technique over a Mediterranean macchia canopy
    • Valentini R, Scarascia Mugnozza GE, deAngelis P, et al. (1991) An experimental test of the eddy correlation technique over a Mediterranean macchia canopy. Plant, Cell and Environment, 14, 987-994.
    • (1991) Plant, Cell and Environment , vol.14 , pp. 987-994
    • Valentini, R.1    Scarascia Mugnozza, G.E.2    deAngelis, P.3
  • 114
    • 0001779899 scopus 로고
    • Micrometeorological methods for measuring surface fluxes of mass and energy
    • Verma SB (1990) Micrometeorological methods for measuring surface fluxes of mass and energy. Remote Sensing Reviews, 5, 99-115.
    • (1990) Remote Sensing Reviews , vol.5 , pp. 99-115
    • Verma, S.B.1
  • 116
    • 0024575531 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide, water vapor and sensible heat fluxes over a tall grass prairie
    • Verma SB, Kim J, Clement RJ (1989) Carbon dioxide, water vapor and sensible heat fluxes over a tall grass prairie. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 46, 53-67.
    • (1989) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.46 , pp. 53-67
    • Verma, S.B.1    Kim, J.2    Clement, R.J.3
  • 119
    • 0020873488 scopus 로고
    • Fluxes of gases and particles above a deciduous forest in wintertime
    • Wesely ML, Cook DR, Hart RL (1983) Fluxes of gases and particles above a deciduous forest in wintertime. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 27, 237-255.
    • (1983) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.27 , pp. 237-255
    • Wesely, M.L.1    Cook, D.R.2    Hart, R.L.3
  • 120
    • 0002725633 scopus 로고
    • Variability of short term eddy correlation estimates of mass exchange
    • (eds Hutchison BA, Hicks BB), Reidel Publications, Dordrecht, Netherlands
    • Wesely ML, Hart RL (1985) Variability of short term eddy correlation estimates of mass exchange. In: Forest-Atmosphere Interaction (eds Hutchison BA, Hicks BB), pp. 591-612. Reidel Publications, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
    • (1985) Forest-Atmosphere Interaction , pp. 591-612
    • Wesely, M.L.1    Hart, R.L.2
  • 121
    • 0035727661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing independent estimates of carbon dioxide exchange over five years at a deciduous forest in the southern United States
    • Wilson KB, Baldocchi DD (2001) Comparing independent estimates of carbon dioxide exchange over five years at a deciduous forest in the southern United States. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 34167-34178.
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.106 , pp. 34167-34178
    • Wilson, K.B.1    Baldocchi, D.D.2
  • 123
    • 0035956647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components: Sap flow, soil water budget, eddy covariance and catchment water balance
    • Wilson KB, Hanson PJ, Mulholland P et al. (2001) A comparison of methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components: sap flow, soil water budget, eddy covariance and catchment water balance. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 106, 153-168.
    • (2001) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.106 , pp. 153-168
    • Wilson, K.B.1    Hanson, P.J.2    Mulholland, P.3
  • 125
    • 0032830220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 flux between a temperate forest and the atmosphere in Japan
    • 2 flux between a temperate forest and the atmosphere in Japan. Tellus, 51B, 402-413.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 B , pp. 402-413
    • Yamamoto, S.1    Murayama, S.2    Saigusa, N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.