A cumulus parameterization with multiple cloud base levels

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 103, Issue D10, 1998, Pages 11341-11353

  Ding, Ping ^a   Randall, David A ^a  

^a Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD BASE LEVEL; CUMULUS; MASS FLUX PROFILE; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 0032571960     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/98JD00346     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Anthes, R. A., A cumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model, Mon. Weather Rev., 105, 270-286, 1977.
2. Arakawa, A., and M-D. Cheng, The Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization, in The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models of the Atmosphere, edited by K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond, Meteorol. Monogr., 24(46), 123-136, 1993.
3. Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, The interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, I, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701, 1974.
4. Betts, A. K., A new convective adjustment scheme, I, Observational and theoretical basis, Q. J. R. Meteorol Soc., 112, 677-691, 1986.
5. Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, A new convective adjustment scheme, II, Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX, and arctic air-mass data sets, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 112, 693-709, 1986.
6. Cheng, M.-D., and A. Arakawa, A cumulus parameterization with rainwater budget and convective downdrafts, in 20th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, pp. 313-316, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1993.
7. Colman, B., A case study of elevated convection in an unsaturated large-scale environment, in Mesoscale Meteorology - Theories, Observations and Models, edited by D. K. Lilly and T. Gal-Chen, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1983.
8. Del Genio, A. D., and M. S. Yao, Efficient cumulus parameterization for long-term climate studies: The GISS scheme, in The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, pp. 181-184, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1993.
9. Ding, P., A parameterization of cumulus convection with multiple cloud base levels, 235 pp., Ph.D. thesis, Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, 1995.
10. Emanuel, K. A., A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2313-2335, 1991.
11. Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, 2, Simulation of the Earth's radiation budget, J. Clim., 9, 530-560, 1996a.
12. Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, 3, Sensitivity tests, J. Clim., 9, 561-586, 1996b.
13. Fowler, L. D., D. A. Randall, and S. A. Rutledge, Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, I, Model description and results of a baseline simulation, J. Clim., 9, 489-529, 1996.
14. Gates, W. L., AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol Soc., 73, 1962-1970, 1992.
15. Gregory, D., and P. R. Rowntree, A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 1483-1506, 1990.
16. Grell, G. A., Y.-H. Kuo, and R. J. Pasch, Semi-prognostic tests of cumulus parameterization schemes in the middle latitude, Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 5-31, 1991.
17. Hack, J. J., Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM2), J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5551-5568, 1994.
18. Holle, R. L., J. Simpson, and S. W. Leavitt, GATE B-scale cloudiness from whole-sky cameras on four U.S. ships, Mon. Weather Rev., 107, 874-895, 1979.
19. Kuo, H. L., On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones throughout latent heat release by cumulus convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 40-63, 1965.
20. Kuo, H.-L., Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1232-1240, 1974.
21. Lin, C., and A. Arakawa, The macroscopic entrainment processes of simulated cumulus ensemble, I, Entrainment sources, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1027-1043, 1997a.
22. Lin, C., and A. Arakawa, The macroscopic entrainment processes of simulated cumulus ensemble, II, Testing the entraining plume model, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1044-1053, 1997b.
23. Lord, S. J., W. C. Chao, and A. Arakawa, Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, IV, The discrete model, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 104-113, 1982.
24. Manabe, S., J. Smagorinsky, and R. F. Strickler, Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologie cycle, Mon. Weather Rev., 93, 769-797, 1965.
25. Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Weather Rev., 120, 978-1002, 1992.
26. Nitta, T., Observational determination of cloud mass flux distributions, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 73-91, 1975.
27. Pan, D.-M., and D. A. Randall, A prognostic cumulus parameterization, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., in press, 1997.
28. Randall, D. A., and D.-M. Pan, Implementation of the Arakawa-Schuhert cumulus parameterization with a prognostic closure, in Cumulus Parameterization, edited by K. Emanuel and D. Raymond, pp. 137-144, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1993.
29. Randall, D. A., J. A. Abeles, and T. G. Corsetti, Seasonal simulations of the planetary boundary layer and boundary-layer stratocumulus clouds with a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 641-676, 1985.
30. Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, D. A. Dazlich, and T. G. Corsetti, Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1943-1970, 1989.
31. Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, and D. A. Dazlich, Diurnal variability of the hydrologie cycle in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 40-62, 1991.
32. Randall, D. A., et al., A revised land-surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs, 3, The greening of the CSU general circulation model, J. Clim., 9, 738-763, 1996.
33. Raymond, D. J., and K. A. Emanuel, The Kuo cumulus parameterization, in The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, edited by K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond, Meteorol. Monogr., 24(46), 145-154, 1993.
34. Sloss, P. W., An empirical examination of cumulus entrainment, J. Appl. Meteorol., 9, 878-881, 1967.
35. Stull, R. B., Transilient turbulence theory, I, The concept of eddy mixing across finite distances, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3351-3367, 1984.
36. Suarez, M., A. Arakawa, and D. A. Randall, Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the UCLA general circulation model: Formulation and results. Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 2224-2243, 1983.
37. Tiedtke, M., A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1779-1800, 1989.
38. Warner, C., and R. H. Grumm, Cloud distributions in a Bay of Bengal monsoon depression, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 153-172, 1984.
39. Warner, C., J. Simpson, G. Van Helvoirt, D. W. Marth, D. Suchman, and G. L. Austin, Deep convection on Day 261 of GATE, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 169-194, 1980.
40. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions, J Clim., in press, 1996.
41. Zhang, G. J., and N. A. McFarlane, Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model, Atmos. Ocean, 33, 407-446, 1995.