메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 280, Issue 5364, 1998, Pages 745-747

Modulation of diversity by grazing and mowing in native tallgrass prairie

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAZING; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; MOWING; PRAIRIE; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

EID: 0032076610     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5364.745     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (801)

References (42)
  • 1
  • 2
    • 0031401031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. R. Seastedt and A. K. Knapp, Am. Nat. 141, 621 (1993); J. M. Blair, Ecology 78, 2359 (1997).
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 2359
    • Blair, J.M.1
  • 5
    • 84920309849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. C. Hartnett and P. A. Fay, in (3)
    • D. C. Hartnett and P. A. Fay, in (3).
  • 6
    • 0001866136 scopus 로고
    • S. J. McNaughton, Ecol. Appl. 3, 17 (1993); F. B. Samson and F. L. Knopf, BioScience 44, 18 (1994).
    • (1993) Ecol. Appl. , vol.3 , pp. 17
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 7
    • 84920315182 scopus 로고
    • S. J. McNaughton, Ecol. Appl. 3, 17 (1993); F. B. Samson and F. L. Knopf, BioScience 44, 18 (1994).
    • (1994) BioScience , vol.44 , pp. 18
    • Samson, F.B.1    Knopf, F.L.2
  • 8
    • 36949060119 scopus 로고
    • J. P. Grime, Nature 242, 344 (1973); D. Tilman, Resource Competition and Community Structure (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1982); A. DiTommaso and L. W. Aarrsen, Vegetatio 84, 9 (1989).
    • (1973) Nature , vol.242 , pp. 344
    • Grime, J.P.1
  • 9
    • 36949060119 scopus 로고
    • Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ
    • J. P. Grime, Nature 242, 344 (1973); D. Tilman, Resource Competition and Community Structure (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1982); A. DiTommaso and L. W. Aarrsen, Vegetatio 84, 9 (1989).
    • (1982) Resource Competition and Community Structure
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 10
    • 0024900459 scopus 로고
    • J. P. Grime, Nature 242, 344 (1973); D. Tilman, Resource Competition and Community Structure (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1982); A. DiTommaso and L. W. Aarrsen, Vegetatio 84, 9 (1989).
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.84 , pp. 9
    • DiTommaso, A.1    Aarrsen, L.W.2
  • 11
    • 0027492638 scopus 로고
    • This rate of N addition was chosen to add sufficient N to allow for a detectable plant response in a short period of time [J. D. Aber et al., Ecol. Appl. 3, 156 (1993)]. Studies have shown that supplemental N in this range was sufficient to affect productivity and community structure [T. R. Seastedt, J. M. Briggs, D. J. Gibson, Oecologia 87, 72 (1991); J. W. Silvertown, J. Appl. Ecol. 17, 491 (1980); D. A. Wedin and D. Tilman, Science 274, 1720 (1996)]. These accelerated responses are indicative of long-term cumulative effects of chronic elevated N deposition that occur in grasslands and other regions [P. M. Vitousek et al., Ecol. Appl. 7, 737 (1997)].
    • (1993) Ecol. Appl. , vol.3 , pp. 156
    • Aber, J.D.1
  • 12
    • 0026330173 scopus 로고
    • This rate of N addition was chosen to add sufficient N to allow for a detectable plant response in a short period of time [J. D. Aber et al., Ecol. Appl. 3, 156 (1993)]. Studies have shown that supplemental N in this range was sufficient to affect productivity and community structure [T. R. Seastedt, J. M. Briggs, D. J. Gibson, Oecologia 87, 72 (1991); J. W. Silvertown, J. Appl. Ecol. 17, 491 (1980); D. A. Wedin and D. Tilman, Science 274, 1720 (1996)]. These accelerated responses are indicative of long-term cumulative effects of chronic elevated N deposition that occur in grasslands and other regions [P. M. Vitousek et al., Ecol. Appl. 7, 737 (1997)].
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.87 , pp. 72
    • Seastedt, T.R.1    Briggs, J.M.2    Gibson, D.J.3
  • 13
    • 0001360084 scopus 로고
    • This rate of N addition was chosen to add sufficient N to allow for a detectable plant response in a short period of time [J. D. Aber et al., Ecol. Appl. 3, 156 (1993)]. Studies have shown that supplemental N in this range was sufficient to affect productivity and community structure [T. R. Seastedt, J. M. Briggs, D. J. Gibson, Oecologia 87, 72 (1991); J. W. Silvertown, J. Appl. Ecol. 17, 491 (1980); D. A. Wedin and D. Tilman, Science 274, 1720 (1996)]. These accelerated responses are indicative of long-term cumulative effects of chronic elevated N deposition that occur in grasslands and other regions [P. M. Vitousek et al., Ecol. Appl. 7, 737 (1997)].
    • (1980) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 491
    • Silvertown, J.W.1
  • 14
    • 0029849624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This rate of N addition was chosen to add sufficient N to allow for a detectable plant response in a short period of time [J. D. Aber et al., Ecol. Appl. 3, 156 (1993)]. Studies have shown that supplemental N in this range was sufficient to affect productivity and community structure [T. R. Seastedt, J. M. Briggs, D. J. Gibson, Oecologia 87, 72 (1991); J. W. Silvertown, J. Appl. Ecol. 17, 491 (1980); D. A. Wedin and D. Tilman, Science 274, 1720 (1996)]. These accelerated responses are indicative of long-term cumulative effects of chronic elevated N deposition that occur in grasslands and other regions [P. M. Vitousek et al., Ecol. Appl. 7, 737 (1997)].
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1720
    • Wedin, D.A.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 15
    • 0030612951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This rate of N addition was chosen to add sufficient N to allow for a detectable plant response in a short period of time [J. D. Aber et al., Ecol. Appl. 3, 156 (1993)]. Studies have shown that supplemental N in this range was sufficient to affect productivity and community structure [T. R. Seastedt, J. M. Briggs, D. J. Gibson, Oecologia 87, 72 (1991); J. W. Silvertown, J. Appl. Ecol. 17, 491 (1980); D. A. Wedin and D. Tilman, Science 274, 1720 (1996)]. These accelerated responses are indicative of long-term cumulative effects of chronic elevated N deposition that occur in grasslands and other regions [P. M. Vitousek et al., Ecol. Appl. 7, 737 (1997)].
    • (1997) Ecol. Appl. , vol.7 , pp. 737
    • Vitousek, P.M.1
  • 16
    • 84920309848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Spatially integrated photon flux density (0.4 to 0.7 μm; reported in micromoles per square meter per second) was measured with a 1-m ceptometer (Decagon) in four locations in each plot in September. Measurements were made at midday under clear sky conditions. Mowing occurred in late June of each year.
  • 17
    • 0025993285 scopus 로고
    • S. L. Collins and S. M. Glenn, Ecology 72, 654 (1991); C. L. Turner and A. K. Knapp, ibid. 77, 1738 (1996).
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 654
    • Collins, S.L.1    Glenn, S.M.2
  • 18
    • 0000451780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. L. Collins and S. M. Glenn, Ecology 72, 654 (1991); C. L. Turner and A. K. Knapp, ibid. 77, 1738 (1996).
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1738
    • Turner, C.L.1    Knapp, A.K.2
  • 20
    • 84920309847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In 1987, 30 bison were reintroduced to Konza Prairie, and the herd is now maintained at 200 individuals. Bison have unrestricted access to 10 watersheds subjected to different frequencies of late spring prescribed fire in a 1012-ha portion of prairie. This animal density was selected so that ∼25% of aboveground primary production is consumed annually.
  • 24
    • 0023520677 scopus 로고
    • S. L. Collins and E. M. Steinauer, in (3)
    • D. J. Gibson and L. C. Hulbert, Vegetatio 72, 175 (1987); S. L. Collins and E. M. Steinauer, in (3).
    • (1987) Vegetatio , vol.72 , pp. 175
    • Gibson, D.J.1    Hulbert, L.C.2
  • 25
    • 77956813388 scopus 로고
    • R. Daubenmire, Adv. Ecol. Res. 5, 209 (1968); R. J. Vogl, in Fire and Ecosystems, T. T. Kozlowski and C. E. Ahlgren, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1974), pp. 139-194.
    • (1968) Adv. Ecol. Res. , vol.5 , pp. 209
    • Daubenmire, R.1
  • 26
    • 0002340042 scopus 로고
    • T. T. Kozlowski and C. E. Ahlgren, Eds. Academic Press, New York
    • R. Daubenmire, Adv. Ecol. Res. 5, 209 (1968); R. J. Vogl, in Fire and Ecosystems, T. T. Kozlowski and C. E. Ahlgren, Eds. (Academic Press, New York, 1974), pp. 139-194.
    • (1974) Fire and Ecosystems , pp. 139-194
    • Vogl, R.J.1
  • 28
    • 0022860270 scopus 로고
    • S. L. Collins and S. M. Barber, Vegetatio 64, 87 (1985); S. L. Collins, S. M. Glenn, D. J. Gibson, Ecology 76, 486 (1995).
    • (1985) Vegetatio , vol.64 , pp. 87
    • Collins, S.L.1    Barber, S.M.2
  • 30
    • 0026525641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F. Berendse, M. J. M. Oomes, H. J. Attena, W. T. Elberse, Biol. Conserv. 62, 59 (1992); E. M. Steinauer and S. L. Collins, in Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, F. B. Sampson and F. L. Knopf, Eds. (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1996), pp. 39-52. The functional equivalency of bison and cattle grazing in North American grasslands remains uncertain [G. E. Plumb and J. L. Dodd, Ecol. Appl. 3, 631 (1993); (4)].
    • (1992) Biol. Conserv. , vol.62 , pp. 59
    • Berendse, F.1    Oomes, M.J.M.2    Attena, H.J.3    Elberse, W.T.4
  • 31
    • 0026525641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F. B. Sampson and F. L. Knopf, Eds. Island Press, Washington, DC
    • F. Berendse, M. J. M. Oomes, H. J. Attena, W. T. Elberse, Biol. Conserv. 62, 59 (1992); E. M. Steinauer and S. L. Collins, in Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, F. B. Sampson and F. L. Knopf, Eds. (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1996), pp. 39-52. The functional equivalency of bison and cattle grazing in North American grasslands remains uncertain [G. E. Plumb and J. L. Dodd, Ecol. Appl. 3, 631 (1993); (4)].
    • (1996) Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem , pp. 39-52
    • Steinauer, E.M.1    Collins, S.L.2
  • 32
    • 0027332448 scopus 로고
    • 4
    • F. Berendse, M. J. M. Oomes, H. J. Attena, W. T. Elberse, Biol. Conserv. 62, 59 (1992); E. M. Steinauer and S. L. Collins, in Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, F. B. Sampson and F. L. Knopf, Eds. (Island Press, Washington, DC, 1996), pp. 39-52. The functional equivalency of bison and cattle grazing in North American grasslands remains uncertain [G. E. Plumb and J. L. Dodd, Ecol. Appl. 3, 631 (1993); (4)].
    • (1993) Ecol. Appl. , vol.3 , pp. 631
    • Plumb, G.E.1    Dodd, J.L.2
  • 34
    • 10244235264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. E. Power et al., BioScience 46, 609 (1996); D. A. Wardle, O. Zachrisson, G. Hörnberg, C. Gallet, Science 277, 1296 (1997); D. Tilman et al., ibid., p. 1300; D. U. Hooper and P. M. Vitousek, ibid., p. 1302.
    • (1996) BioScience , vol.46 , pp. 609
    • Power, M.E.1
  • 35
    • 0030800859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. E. Power et al., BioScience 46, 609 (1996); D. A. Wardle, O. Zachrisson, G. Hörnberg, C. Gallet, Science 277, 1296 (1997); D. Tilman et al., ibid., p. 1300; D. U. Hooper and P. M. Vitousek, ibid., p. 1302.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1296
    • Wardle, D.A.1    Zachrisson, O.2    Hörnberg, G.3    Gallet, C.4
  • 36
    • 10244235264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. E. Power et al., BioScience 46, 609 (1996); D. A. Wardle, O. Zachrisson, G. Hörnberg, C. Gallet, Science 277, 1296 (1997); D. Tilman et al., ibid., p. 1300; D. U. Hooper and P. M. Vitousek, ibid., p. 1302.
    • Science , pp. 1300
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 37
    • 0030846289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. E. Power et al., BioScience 46, 609 (1996); D. A. Wardle, O. Zachrisson, G. Hörnberg, C. Gallet, Science 277, 1296 (1997); D. Tilman et al., ibid., p. 1300; D. U. Hooper and P. M. Vitousek, ibid., p. 1302.
    • Science , pp. 1302
    • Hooper, D.U.1    Vitousek, P.M.2
  • 38
    • 0004235128 scopus 로고
    • Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • E.-D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, Eds., Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993); C. G. Jones and J. H. Lawton, Eds., Linking Species and Ecosystems (Chapman & Hall, New York, 1995); F. S. Chapin et al., Science 277, 500 (1997).
    • (1993) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function
    • Schulze, E.-D.1    Mooney, H.A.2
  • 39
    • 0003428344 scopus 로고
    • Chapman & Hall, New York
    • E.-D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, Eds., Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993); C. G. Jones and J. H. Lawton, Eds., Linking Species and Ecosystems (Chapman & Hall, New York, 1995); F. S. Chapin et al., Science 277, 500 (1997).
    • (1995) Linking Species and Ecosystems
    • Jones, C.G.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 40
    • 0030816574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E.-D. Schulze and H. A. Mooney, Eds., Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993); C. G. Jones and J. H. Lawton, Eds., Linking Species and Ecosystems (Chapman & Hall, New York, 1995); F. S. Chapin et al., Science 277, 500 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 500
    • Chapin, F.S.1
  • 42
    • 84920309844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We thank J. H. Brown, L. Gough, J. H. Lawton, S. J. McNaughton, G. Shaver, D. Tilman, and P. M. Vitousek and four anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Supported by the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research Program, Kansas State University, and the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect an endorsement by the National Science Foundation.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.