Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and the risk of high blood pressure: Epidemiologic and biological evidence

Journal of Human Hypertension

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 223-230

  Bautista, L E ^a  

^a UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

C reactive protein; Cytokines; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; Tumour necrosis factor alpha

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ARGININE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; NITRIC OXIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA RECEPTOR;

AGING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENDOTHELIUM INJURY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY DISEASE; LIFESTYLE; OBESITY; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VASOCONSTRICTION; VASODILATATION;

ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0037722965     PISSN: 09509240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001537     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Burt VL et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995; 25: 305-313.
2. Hodgson TA, Cai L. Medical care expenditures for hypertension, its complications, and its comorbidities. Med Care 2001; 39: 599-615.
3. Ridker PM et al. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation 2000; 101: 1767-1772.
4. Ridker PM et al. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 836-843.
5. Ridker PM et al. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 973-979.
6. Sinisalo J et al. Relation of inflammation to vascular function in patients with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2000; 149: 403-411.
7. Hingorani AD et al. Acute systemic inflammation impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in humans. Circulation 2000; 102: 994-999.
8. Panza JA et al. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 22-27.
9. Iiyama K et al. Impaired endothelial function with essential hypertension assessed by ultrasonography. Am Heart J 1996; 132: 779-782.
10. Zizek B et al. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients and in normotensive offspring of subjects with essential hypertension. Heart 2001; 85: 215-217.
11. Taddei S et al. Endothelium-dependent forearm vasodilation is reduced in normotensive subjects with familial history of hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992; 20 (Suppl 12): S193-S195.
12. Mendall MA et al. C reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: A population based cross sectional study. BMJ 1996; 312: 1061-1065.
13. Tracy RP et al. Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical disease in healthy elderly subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 2167-2176.
14. Hak AE et al. Associations of C-reactive protein with measures of obesity, insulin resistance, and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy, middle-aged women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19: 1986-1991.
15. Koenig W et al. C-reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: Results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg Cohort Study, 1984 to 1992. Circulation 1999; 99: 237-242.
16. Yudkin JS et al. C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: Associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: A potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19: 972-978.
17. Ford ES, Giles WH. Serum C-reactive protein and self-reported stroke: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 1052-1056.
18. Doggen CJ et al. C-reactive protein, cardiovascular risk factors and the association with myocardial infarction in men. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 406-414.
19. Margaglione M et al. C-reactive protein in offspring is associated with the occurrence of myocardial infarction in first-degree relatives. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 198-203.
20. Festa A et al. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation 2000; 102: 42-47.
21. Onat A et al. C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in western Turkey. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 601-607.
22. Yamada S et al. Distribution of serum C-reactive protein and its association with atherosclerotic risk factors in a Japanese population: Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153: 1183-1190.
23. Bautista LE et al. Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens 2001; 19: 857-861.
24. Rohde LE et al. Survey of C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy men. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 1018-1022.
25. Bellelli G et al. Lack of nighttime dipping of blood pressure in hypertensive elderly patients is associated with elevated C-reactive protein serum levels. J Hypertens 2001; 191: 2107.
26. Baumann H, Gauldie J. The acute phase response. Immunol Today 1994; 15: 74-80.
27. Mendall MA et al. Relation of serum cytokine concentrations to cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease. Heart 1997; 78: 273-277.
28. Rifai N et al. Inflammatory markers in men with angiographically documented coronary heart disease. Clin Chem 1999; 45: 1967-1973.
29. Sheu WHH et al. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive subjects. Clin Exp Hypertens 2000; 22: 595-606.
30. Volpato S et al. Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women: The women's health and aging study. Circulation 2001; 103: 947-953.
31. Fernandez-Real JM et al. Circulating interleukin 6 levels, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 1154-1159.
32. Chae CU et al. Blood pressure and inflammation in apparently healthy men. Hypertension 2001; 38: 399-403.
33. Ito H et al. Association of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha with serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and blood pressure in apparently healthy Japanese women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001; 28: 188-192.
34. Furumoto T et al. Association of cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in Japanese hypertensive patients: Implications for early atherosclerosis. Hypertens Res 2002; 25: 475-480.
35. Woods A et al. Genetics of inflammation and risk of coronary artery disease: The central role of interleukin-6. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 1574-1583.
36. Tilg H et al. IL-6 and APPs: Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediators. Immunol Today 1997; 18: 428-432.
37. Bhagat K, Vallance P. Inflammatory cytokines impair endothelium-dependent dilatation in human veins in vivo. Circulation 1997; 96: 3042-3047.
38. Dorffel Y et al. Preactivated peripheral blood monocytes in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension 1999; 34: 113-117.
39. Zinman B et al. Circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in a native Canadian population with high rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 272-278.
40. Hotamisligil GS et al. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 2409-2415.
41. Pausova Z et al. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene locus in obesity and obesity-associated hypertension in French Canadians. Hypertension 2000; 36: 14-19.
42. Dalziel B et al. Association of the TNF-alpha-308 G/A promoter polymorphism with insulin resistance in obesity. Obes Res 2002; 10: 401-407.
43. Ferreri NR et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-angiotensin interactions and regulation of blood pressure. J Hypertens 1997; 15: 1481-1484.
44. Reid IA. Vasoactive peptides. In: BG Katzung (ed). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, 2001, pp 292-310.
45. Fernandez-Real JM et al. Shedding of TNF-alpha receptors, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282: 952-959.
46. Visser M et al. Low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children. Pediatrics 2001; 107: E13.
47. Accini JL et al. Colombian study to assess the use of noninvasive determination of endothelium-mediated vasolidation (CANDEV). Normal values and factors associated. Endothelium 2001; 86: 157-166.
48. Cao H, Hegele RA. Human C-reactive protein (CRP) 1059G/C polymorphism. Hypertension 2000; 45: 100-101.
49. Pankow JS et al. Familial and genetic determinants of systemic markers of inflammation: The NHLBI family heart study. Atherosclerosis 2001; 154: 681-689.
50. Vane JR. et al. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 27-36.
51. Palmer RM et al. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 1987; 327: 524-526.
52. Taylor SG, Weston AH. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor: A new and endogenous inhibitor from the vascular endothelium. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1988; 9: 272-274.
53. Bunting S et al. Arterial walls generate from prostaglandin endoperoxides a substance (prostaglandin X) which relaxes strips of mesenteric and coeliac arteries and inhibits platelet aggregation. Prostaglandins 1976; 12: 897-913.
54. Palmer RM et al. Vasvular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nature 1988; 333: 664-666.
55. Vane JR, Botting RM. Formation by the endothelium of prostacyclin, nitric oxide and endothelin. J Lipid Mediat 1993; 6: 395-404.
56. Moncada S, Higgs EA. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies related to nitric oxide. FASEB J 1995; 9: 1319-1330.
57. Garland CJ et al. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization: A role in the control of vascular tone. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1995; 16: 23-30.
58. Moncada S, Vanne JR. Pharmacology and endogenous roles of prostaglandin endoperoxides, thromboxane A2, and prostacyclin. Pharmacol Rev 1978; 30: 293-331.
59. Pomerantz KB, Hajjar DP. Eicosanoids in regulation of arterial smooth muscle cell phenotype, proliferative capacity, and cholesterol metabolism. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9: 413-429.
60. Diederich D et al. Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in hypertensive resistance arteries involve cyclooxygenase pathway. Am J Physiol 1990; 258: H445-H451.
61. Luscher TF, Barton M. Endothelins and endothelin receptor antagonists: Therapeutic considerations for a novel class of cardiovascular drugs. Circulation 2000; 102: 2434-2440.
62. Boulanger CM. Secondary endothelial dysfunction: Hypertension and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1999; 31: 39-49.
63. Hirata Y et al. Endothelin receptor subtype B mediates synthesis of nitric oxide by cultured bovine endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 1367-1373.
64. Hamberg M et al. Thromboxanes: A new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975; 72: 2994-2998.
65. Bouloumie A et al. Endothelial dysfunction coincides with an enhanced nitric oxide synthase expression and superoxide anion production. Hypertension 1997; 30: 934-941.
66. Gryglewski RJ et al. Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. Nature 1986; 320: 454-456.
67. Morrow JD et al. A series of prostaglandin F2-like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical-catalyzed mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 9383-9387.
68. Delanty N et al. 8-Epi PGF2 alpha generation during coronary reperfusion. A potential quantitative marker of oxidant stress in vivo. Circulation 1997; 95: 2492-2499.
69. Vallance P et al. Infection, inflammation, and infarction: Does acute endothelial dysfunction provide a link? Lancet 1997; 349: 1391-1392.
70. Bhagat K et al. Endothelial 'stunning' following a brief exposure to endotoxin: A mechanism to link infection and infarction? Cardiovasc Res 1996; 32: 822-829.
71. Taddei S et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibition restores nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1997; 29: 274-279.
72. Defective L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in offspring of essential hypertensive patients. Circulation 1996; 94: 1298-1303.
73. Tesfamariam B, Ogletree ML. Dissociation of endothelial cell dysfunction and blood pressure in SHR. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: H189-H194.
74. Ritter JM et al. Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonism and synthase inhibition in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1993; 22: 197-203.
75. Taddei S et al. Hypertension causes premature aging of endothelial function in humans. Hypertension 1997; 29: 736-743.
76. Yoshizumi M et al. Tumor necrosis factor downregulates an endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA by shortening its half-life. Circ Res 1993; 73: 205-209.
77. Verma S et al. A self-fulfilling prophecy: C-reactive protein attenuates nitric oxide production and inhibits angiogenesis. Circulation 2002; 106: 913-919.
78. Heitzer T et al. Cigarette smoking potentiates endothelial dysfunction of forearm resistance vessels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Role of oxidized LDL. Circulation 1996; 93: 1346-1353.
79. Pleiner J et al. High doses of vitamin C reverse Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced hyporeactivity to acetylcholine in the human forearm. Circulation 2002; 106: 1460-1464.
80. Taddei S et al. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on endothelial dysfunction: Clinical implications. Drugs 2002; 62: 265-284.
81. Perticone F et al. Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Circulation 2001; 104: 191-196.
82. Nomura S et al. High-shear-stress-induced activation of platelets and microparticles enhances expression of cell adhesion molecules in THP-1 and endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2001; 158: 277-287.
83. Sterpetti AV et al. Shear stress increases the release of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 by aortic endothelial cells. Surgery 1993; 114: 911-914.
84. Chobanian AV, Alexander RW. Exacerbation of atherosclerosis by hypertension. Potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1952-1956.
85. Tracy RP et al. Relationship of C-reactive protein to risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 1997; 17: 1121-1127.
86. Panza JA. Endothelium, nitric oxide, and hypertension. In Panza JA, Cannon RO III (eds): Endothelium, Nitric Oxide, and Atherosclerosis. Futura Publishing Co, Inc., Armonk, NY, 1999; pp 147-162.
87. Panza JA et al. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 1145-1151.
88. Anderson TJ et al. Comparative study of ACE-inhibition, angiotensin II antagonism, and calcium channel blockade on flow-mediated vasodilation in patients with coronary disease (BANFF study). J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 60-66.
89. Vickers MA et al. Genotype at a promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene is associated with baseline levels of plasma C-reactive protein. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53: 1029-1034.