Systematic review of the quality of randomized controlled trials for patellofemoral pain syndrome

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 4-20

  Bizzini, Mario ^a   Childs, John D ^b,c   Piva, Sara R ^b   Delitto, Anthony ^b  

^a SCHULTHESS CLINIC   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^c WILFORD HALL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Bias; Decision making; Evidence; Grading; Methodology

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL RESEARCH; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HUMAN; KNEE DISEASE; KNEE PAIN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; METHODOLOGY; PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT; PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; FEMUR; KNEE; PAIN; PATELLA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; QUALITY CONTROL; STANDARD; SYNDROME;

EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMUR; HUMANS; KNEE JOINT; PAIN; PATELLA; QUALITY CONTROL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; RESEARCH DESIGN; SYNDROME;

EID: 0037687353     PISSN: 01906011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2003.33.1.4     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Altman DG, Bland JM. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. BMJ. 1995;311(7003):485.
2. Antich, TJ, Randall CC, Westbrook RA, Morrissey MC, Brewster CE. Physical therapy treatment of knee extensor mechanism disorders: comparison of four treatment modalities. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1986;8(5):255-259.
3. Arroll B, Ellis-Pegler E, Edwards A, Sutcliffe G. Patellofemoral pain syndrome. A critical review of the clinical trials on nonoperative therapy. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(2):207-212.
4. Brody LT, Thein JM. Nonoperative treatment for patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28(5):336-344.
5. Cerny K. Vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis muscle activity ratios for selected exercises in persons with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. Phys Ther. 1995;75(8):672-683.
6. Cesarelli M, Bifulco P, Bracale M. Study of the control strategy of the quadriceps muscles in anterior knee pain. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 2000;8(3):330-341.
7. Chesworth BM, Culham EG, Tata GE, Peat M. Validation of outcome measures in patients with patellofemoral syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1989;10(8):302-308.
8. Clark DI, Downing N, Mitchell J, Coulson L, Syzpryt EP, Doherty M. Physiotherapy for anterior knee pain: a randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(9):700-704.
9. Clarke M, Oxman AD. Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.1.4. The Cochrane Library; 2001.
10. Crossley K, Cowan SM, Bennell KL, McConnell J. Patellar taping: is clinical success supported by scientific evidence? Man Ther. 2000;5(3):142-150.
11. Crossley K, Bennell K, Green S, McConnell J. A systematic review of physical interventions for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin J Sport Med. 2001;11(2):103-110.
12. Di Fabio RP. What is "evidence"? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2000;30(2):52-55.
13. Duffey MJ, Martin DF, Cannon DW, Craven T, Messier SP. Etiologic factors associated with anterior knee pain in distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(11):1825-1832.
14. Dye SF, Saubli HU, Biedert RM, Vaupel GL. The mosaic of pathophysiology causing patellofemoral pain: therapeutic implications. Oper Tech Sports Med. 1999;7(2):46-54.
15. Eburne J, Bannister G. The McConnell regimen versus isometric quadriceps exercises in the management of anterior knee pain. A randomised prospective controlled trial. Knee. 1996;3(3):151-153.
16. Eng JJ, Pierrynowski MR. Evaluation of soft foot orthotics in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Phys Ther. 1993;73(2):62-68; discussion 68-70.
17. Finestone A, Radin EL, Lev B, Shlamkovitch N, Wiener M, Milgrom C. Treatment of overuse patellofemoral pain. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial in a military setting. Clin Orthop. 1993;293:208-210.
18. Fulkerson JP, Folcik MA. Comparison of diflunisal and naproxen for relief of anterior knee pain. Clin Ther. 1986;9(Suppl C):59-61.
19. Gregoire G, Derderian F, Le Lorier J. Selecting the language of the publications included in a meta-analysis: is there a Tower of Babel bias? J Clin Epidemiol. 1995;48(1):159-163.
20. Harrison EL, Sheppard MS, McQuarrie AM. A randomized controlled trial of physical therapy treatment programs in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Physiother Can. 1999;51(2):93-100.
21. Hubbard JK, Sampson HW, Elledge JR. Prevalence and morphology of the vastus medialis oblique muscle in human cadavers. Anat Rec. 1997;249(1):135-142.
22. Hurley MV, Jones BW, Wilson D, Newham DJ. Rehabilitation of quadriceps inhibited due to isolated rupture to the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Rheumatol. 1992;5:145-154.
23. Insall J. Current Concepts Review: patellar pain. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(1):147-152.
24. Irrgang JJ, Snyder-Mackler L, Wainner RS, Fu FH, Harner CD. Development of a patient-reported measure of function of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(8):1132-1145.
25. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17(1):1-12.
26. Jensen R, Gothesen O, Liseth K, Baerheim A. Acupuncture treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Altern Complement Med. 1999;5(6):521-527.
27. Kannus P, Natri A, Niittymaki S, Jarvinen M. Effect of intraarticular glycosaminoglycan polysulfate treatment on patellofemoral pain syndrome. A prospective, randomized double-blind trial comparing glycosaminoglycan polysulfate with placebo and quadriceps muscle exercises. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35(9):1053-1061.
28. Kannus P, Natri A, Paakkala T, Jarvinen M. An outcome study of chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome. Seven-year follow-up of patients in a randomized, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81(3):355-363.
29. Karst GM, Willett GM. Onset timing of electromyographic activity in the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscles in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. Phys Ther. 1995;75(9):813-823.
30. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG. Muscles: Testing and Function. 4th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1993.
31. Kolowich PA, Paulos LE, Rosenberg TD, Farnsworth S. Lateral release of the patella: indications and contraindications. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18(4):359-365.
32. Kowall MG, Kolk G, Nuber GW, Cassisi JE, Stern SH. Patellar taping in the treatment of patellofemoral pain. A prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(1):61-66.
33. Marx RG, Jones EC, Allen AA, et al. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of four knee outcome scales for athletic patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83A(10):1459-1469.
34. May GS, DeMets DL, Friedman LM, Furberg C, Passamani E. The randomized clinical trial: bias in analysis. Circulation. 1981;64(4):669-673.
35. McConnell JS. The management of chondromalacia patellae: a long term solution. Austr J Physiother. 1986;32(4):215-233.
36. McConnell JS, Fulkerson JP. The knee: patellofemoral and soft tissue injuries. In: Zachazewski JE, Magee DJ and Quillen WS, eds. Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co.; 1996:693-728.
37. McNutt RA, Evans AT, Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW. The effects of blinding on the quality of peer review. A randomized trial. JAMA. 1990;263(10):1371-1376.
38. Miller MD, Hinkin DT, Wisnowski JW. The efficacy of orthotics for anterior knee pain in military trainees. A preliminary report. Am J Knee Surg. 1997;10(1):10-13.
39. Moher D, Fortin P, Jadad AR, et al. Completeness of reporting of trials published in languages other than English: implications for conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. Lancet. 1996;347(8998):363-366.
40. Moher D, Jadad AR, Nichol G, Penman M, Tugwell P, Walsh S. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: an annotated bibliography of scales and checklists. Control Clin Trials. 1995;16(1):62-73.
41. Moher D, Jadad AR, Tugwell P. Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials. Current issues and future directions. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1996;12(2):195-208.
42. Moher D, Pham B, Jones A, et al. Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses? Lancet. 1998;352(9128):609-613.
43. Natri A, Kannus P, Jarvinen M. Which factors predict the long-term outcome in chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome? A 7-yr prospective follow-up study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(11):1572-1577.
44. O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ. Physical Rehabilitation: Assessment and Treatment. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co.; 1998.
45. Palumbo PM, Jr. Dynamic patellar brace: a new orthosis in the management of patellofemoral disorders. A preliminary report. Am J Sports Med. 1981;9(1):45-49.
46. Peduzzi P, Wittes J, Detre K, Holford T. Analysis as randomized and the problem of nonadherence: an example from the Veterans Affairs Randomized Trial of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Stat Med. 1993;12(13):1185-1195.
47. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1993.
48. Powers CM. Rehabilitation of patellofemoral joint disorders: a critical review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28(5):345-354.
49. Powers CM, Landel R, Perry J. Timing and intensity of vastus muscle activity during functional activities in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain. Phys Ther. 1996;76(9):946-955; discussion 956-967.
50. Raatikainen T, Vaananen K, Tamelander G. Effect of glycosaminoglycan polysulfate on chondromalacia patellae. A placebo-controlled 1-year study. Acta Orthop Scand. 1990;61(5):443-448.
51. Rogvi-Hansen B, Ellitsgaard N, Funch M, Dall-Jensen M, Prieske J. Low level laser treatment of chondromalacia patellae. Int Orthop. 1991;15(4):359-361.
52. Roush MB, Sevier TL, Wilson JK, et al. Anterior knee pain: a clinical comparison of rehabilitation methods. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10(1):22-28.
53. Rowlands BW, Brantingham JW. The efficacy of patella mobilization in patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Rheumatol. 1999;7(4):142-149.
54. Rubin B, Collins R. Runner's knee. Physician Sportsmed. 1980;8(6):49-58.
55. Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell PD. Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, & Co.; 1991.
56. Sackett DL, Strause SE, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB. Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, Inc.; 2000.
57. Sanchis-Alfonso V, Rosello-Sastre E, Martinez-Sanjuan V. Pathogenesis of anterior knee pain syndrome and functional patellofemoral instability in the active young. Am J Knee Surg. 1999;12(1):29-40.
58. Schulz KF. Subverting randomization in controlled trials. JAMA. 1995;274(18):1456-1458.
59. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA. 1995;273(5):408-412.
60. Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86(2):420-428.
61. Sikorski JM, Peters J, Watt I. The importance of femoral rotation in chondromalacia patellae as shown by serial radiography. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1979;61-B(4):435-442.
62. Smith AD, Stroud L, McQueen C. Flexibility and anterior knee pain in adolescent elite figure skaters. J Pediatr Orthop. 1991;11(1):77-82.
63. Suter E, Herzog W, DeSouzak K, Bray R. Inhibition of the quadriceps muscles in patients with anterior knee pain. J Appl Biomech. 1998;14:360-373.
64. Suter E, McMorland G, Herzog W, Bray R. Conservative lower back treatment reduces inhibition in knee-extensor muscles: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23(2):76-80.
65. Taylor DC, Dalton JD, Jr., Seaber AV, Garrett WE, Jr. Viscoelastic properties of muscle-tendon units. The biomechanical effects of stretching. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18(3):300-309.
66. Thachuk C, Irrgang JJ, Starz TW. Responsiveness of a specific measure of physical function of the knee as compared to a general measure of health status. American College of Rheumatology, 62nd National Meeting. San Diego, CA; 1998.
67. Thomee R. A comprehensive treatment approach for patellofemoral pain syndrome in young women. Phys Ther. 1997;77(12):1690-1703.
68. Thomee R, Augustsson J, Karlsson J. Patellofemoral pain syndrome: a review of current issues. Sports Med. 1999;28(4):245-262.
69. Timm KE. Randomized controlled trial of Protonics on patellar pain, position, and function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(5):665-670.
70. van Tulder MW, Assendelft WJ, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group for Spinal Disorders. Spine. 1997;22(20):2323-2330.
71. Verhagen AP, de Vet HC, de Bie RA, Kessels AG, Boers M, Knipschild PG. Balneotherapy and quality assessment: interobserver reliability of the Maastricht criteria list and the need for blinded quality assessment. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(4):335-341.
72. Werner S. An evaluation of knee extensor and knee flexor torques and EMGs in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in comparison with matched controls. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1995;3(2):89-94.
73. Witvrouw E, Lysens R, Bellemans J, Cambier D, Vanderstraeten G. Intrinsic risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain in an athletic population. A two-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(4):480-489.
74. Witvrouw E, Lysens R, Bellemans J, Peers K, Vanderstraeten G. Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patellofemoral pain. A prospective, randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(5):687-694.